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Visual Education 




THIS IS A PARTIAL 

REPRINT FROM TEACHERS' GUIDE 

TO 

KEYSTONE "600 SET" 



Keystone View Company 

(INCORPORATED) 

EDUCATIONAL DEPT. MEADVILLE, PA. 



~ 



NOTICE 

This booklet is a reprint from the regular TEACH- 
ERS' GUIDE for the Keystone " 600 Set " of Stereo- 
graphs and Lantern Slides. The complete work is 
a volume of 757 pages. It contains 50 complete 
cross reference classifications on 50 school topics pre- 
pared by an Editorial Board of 62 Leading Educa- 
tors. We will be pleased to supply further informa- 
tion regarding the complete Teachers' Guide which is 
regularly supplied at $1.00 per volume. 

The Publishers. 



Visual Education 




THIS IS A PARTIAL 

EEPRINT FKOM TEACHERS' GUIDE 

TO 

KEYSTONE "600 SET" 



Keystone View Company 

(INCORPORATED) 

EDUCATIONAL DEPT. MEADVILLE, PA. 






Copyright 1906 

Copyright 1908 

Copyright 1911 

Copyright 1917 

Copyright 1918 

Copyright 1919 

KEYSTONE VIEW COMPANY 

ALL STEREOGRAPHS AND LANTERN SLIDES COPYRIGHTED 
ALL RIGHTS SPECIFICALLY RESERVED 



m 24 l$ l9 


s 




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©CI.A535845 


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IvD 



STATEMENT 

The copyright notice on the opposite page tells an interesting 
story. It records the date of the introduction into school 
work of a set of stereographs and lantern slides specifically 
selected to meet school needs and with cross reference classifi- 
cations to make quickly available the teaching content of the 
set. The other copyright notices indicate the dates when the 
first set and plan, originated by Keystone, were revised and 
improved. 

When the schools first turned to the stereograph and slide as 
the most effective forms of visual instruction materials, it was 
soon determined that the standard sets of Travel Tours then 
in common use for public and private libraries did not meet 
class room requirements. There was need of a carefully 
selected set of scenes closely fitted to the regular course of 
study. The Keystone View Company noted this need and, 
with the help of progressive school people, pioneered this field 
by bringing forth the first school set supplied with the cross 
reference classification plan — the Keystone " 600 Set " with 
the Teachers' Guide. 

The success of the first set equalled the best expectations. 
The schools found in this set of stereographs and slides just the 
material needed to make their class-room instruction most 
efTective. It was widely used and with the later revisions has 
found a place in thousands of schools. From this extended 
use under actual teaching conditions there have come the sug- 
gestions and improvements that have made -the present devel- 
opment and efficiency possible. 

Out of the accumulated experience based on the use of the 
Keystone " 600 Set " in thousands of class rooms, there has 
come the present " 600 Set." It is a thorough revision both as 
to photographic content and editorial work. Thousands of 
dollars were expended to get the subjects our educational 
advisors deemed essential to the set. The whole world was 



iv STATEMENT 

laid tribute that the children in the schools might have at hand 
the best material obtainable. Every continent yielded its con- 
tribution. Three Arctic and Antarctic expeditions were levied 
upon to supply scenes to complete this set. 

While the actual teaching value of the stereograph or slide 
has been the determining factor in its selection, there is noted 
an equitable distribution of the material over the entire geo- 
graphic range. Every state in the United States is repre- 
sented. Every important country of the world is cared for i'n 
a satisfactory manner. The distribution has been made in 
harmony with the plan of the leading text books on Geography. 
Whatever text is used will be effectually visualized. 

In the former Teachers' Guide the scenes were listed and 
edited from twenty-one special view points. Class room use 
has demonstrated that a set of illustrations of such rich teach- 
ing content as the Keystone " 600 Set " has many more points 
of specific application to the course of study than our previous 
editorial work had indicated. 

The new edition" contains 50 cross reference classifications on 
50 school subjects and edited by 62 leading educators. This 
Editorial Board — listed elsewhere — has made a distinct con- 
tribution to visual education. The revised " 600 Set " is quite 
the latest and greatest achievement in modern visual instruc- 
tion material. 

The Publishers. 



CONTENTS 

PAGE 

Statement in 

General Introduction By Charles W. Eliot, Ph.D. vii 

Concreteness in Education By William C. Bagley, Ph.D. ix 

How to Study Stereographs and Lantern Slides 

By Frank M. McMurry, Ph.D. xi 

The Stereoscope and Stereograph 

• • By Oliver Wendell Holmes xiv 

How to Use the Stereographs and the Lantern Slides xv 

Editorial Board xxv 

FIFTY CLASSIFICATIONS 

Introduction By Charles T. McFarlane, Pd.D. i 

i Geographical Classification and Title List 

By Douglas C. Ridgley, A.B. 3 

2 People of All Lands, (Racial Geography) 

By Mark Jefferson, A.M. 31 

3 Production and Manufacturing, (Industrial Geography) 

By Charles Redway Dryer, M.A., M.D. 45 

4 Transportation By Emery R. Johnson, Ph.D., Sc.D. 73 

5 Markets and Marketing By J. Paul Goode, Ph.D. 87 

6 Natural Forms and Forces, (Physical Geography) 

By Wallace W. Atwood, Ph.D. 97 

7 Zones and Their Effects By Robert De C. Ward, A.M. 109 

8 Geography by Nations, (Political Geography) 

By E. M. Lehnerts, M.A. 121 

9 Earth Neighbors.. ..By James F. Chamberlain, Ed.B., S.B. 141 

Introduction By Albert Bushnell Hart, Ph.D., LL.D. 149 

10 Foreign Beginnings of American History. 

By Hutton Webster, Ph.D. 151 

11 Foundations of the American Nation 

By Albert Bushnell Hart, Ph.D., Litt.D., LL.D. 159 

12 Development of Our Nation 

By H. Morse Stephens, M.A., Litt.D. 165 

13 America of Today — Our Resources — Preparedness 

By Jacques W. Redway, F.R.G.S. 179 

14 Government By Arthur Norman Holcombe, Ph.D. 191 

15 Community Civics. By Arthur William Dunn, A.M. 203 

16 Cities of the World By John Nolen, A.M., Sc.D. 219 

Introduction By Franklin Thomas Baker, Ph.D. 243 

17 Literary Subjects and Settings Including Mythology 

By Franklin Thomas Baker, Ph.D. 245 

18 English Composition By James Fleming Hosic, Ph.M. 259 

19 Spelling By William Estabrook Chancellor, A.M. 269 

20 Biography By Charles H. McCarthy, Ph.D. 279 

Introduction By Charles F. Curtiss, M.S.A., D.S. 309 

21 Soils By Alfred Vivian, Ph.G. 311 

22 Farm Crops By W. M. Jardine, B.S.A., LL.D. 319 



PAGE 

23 Garden, Orchard and Woodlot By R. L. Watts, M.S. 327 

24 Animal Husbandry By W. A. Cochel, A.B., B.S. 335 

25 Farm Management — Farm Machinery. .By Martin Luther 

Fisher, M.S. Assisted by Wm. Aitkenhead, A.M., M.E. 341 

26 Farm Home and Farm Life • • 

By A. E. Winship, Litt.D., LL.D. 355 

Introduction By Ernest Thompson Seton 363 

27 Plants and Plant Associations. .By John M. Coulter, Ph.D. 

Assisted by George D. Fuller, Ph.D. 365 

28 Animals By Ernest Thompson Seton 377 

29 Outdoor Life By Daniel Carter Beard (" Dan Beard") 387 

30 Vocational Guidance By Meyer Bloomfield, B.A. 393 

Introduction By Martha Van Rensselaer, A.B. 403 

31 Industries Supplying the Home 

By Lorenzo Dow Harvey, Ph.D. 405 

32 Foods and Cookery By Edna N. White, B.S. 

7 . Assisted by Lelia McGuire, B.S. 409 

33 Textiles and Clothing By Anna M. Cooley, B.S. 

.Assisted by Edith P. Chace, B.S. 421 

34 Household Administration. . .By Grace Schermerhorn, B.S. 431 

Introduction By Charles A. Prosser, Ph.D. 435 

35 Industrial Design Including Architecture 

By Raymond P. Ensign 437 

36 Wood — Sources and Uses By George M. Brace, M.A. 469 

37 Metals — Sources and Uses By Harry S. Bitting 475 

38 Concrete, Stone, Brick and Tile 

By Charles M. Spofford, S.B. 483 

39 Local Industries By Clifford B. Connelley, Sc.D. 491 

40 Hygiene — Health Habits 

By Michael Vincent O'Shea, B.L. 501 

Introduction By C. Valentine Kirby 507 

41 Drawing — Study of Pictures to Show Elements of Art. 

By Harry W. Jacobs 509 

42 House Design and Decoration; Costume Design 

By Mary J. Quinn 517 

43 Photography By C. E. K. Mees, D.Sc. 543 

44 Arithmetic — Visualized Problems 

By John H. Walsh, LL.B., Ph.D. 557 

Introduction By William C. Bagley, Ph.D. 579 

45 Children of the World By G. A. Mirick, A.M. 581 

46 Plants and Animals By Anna Botsf ord Comstock 595 

47 Reading By Charles Madison Curry, A.M. 605 

48 Some Things We Eat; Some Things We Wear 

By William M. Gregory 629 

49 Home Geography By R. H. Whitbeck, A.B. 641 

50 Travelogue and Lecture Suggestions • 

By Russell H. Conwell, D.D., LL.D. 653 

Index 661 



GENERAL INTRODUCTION 

By Charles W. Eliot, Ph.D. 

President-Emeritus of Harvard University 

TRAINING THE POWERS OF OBSERVATION, MEMORY, 
AND CORRECT DESCRIPTION ALL TOGETHER 

I have been urging for some years past that American edu- 
cation is seriously defective in that it provides an inadequate 
amount of training of the senses, particularly of the eye. It 
relies far too much on book-work. There ought to be incor- 
porated into elementary and secondary school work a much 
larger proportion of accurate eye-work and hand-work com- 
bined with simultaneous training of the memory and of the 
capacity for describing correctly, either orally or in writing 
things observed and done. ■ 

The Keystone View Company of Meadville, Pa., manufac- 
tures admirable material for just this training of children and 
adolescents. This Company provides schools with stereo- 
graphic views, stereoscopes, and lantern slides to illustrate phys- 
ical, political, and commercial geography, United States his- 
tory, nature study, arts and crafts, domestic science, national 
industries, and architecture. The stereographs and stereo- 
scope are used in class-work at regular study and recitation pe- 
riods, the lantern slides for reviews and lectures. On the back 
of each of the stereographs is a printed description of the 
scene or object represented, which may be read by the pupil 
after he has himself studied the stereograph in the stereoscope. 
Each pupil is expected to remember what he has seen long 
enough to describe it orally in the class, or to write a short com- 
position on it after an interval. The teacher may or may not 
help the pupils to discern and take in all there is to be seen in 
the stereograph. Once a week or once a fortnight the topic 
which has been thus dealt with in the recitation room may be 
reviewed by the teacher before the class by means of the corre- 
sponding lantern slides ; and another composition may then be 



viii INTRODUCTION 

required of each pupil. The stereograph may be used advan- 
tageously either with or without a textbook. If a textbook be 
used, the pupils should themselves come to see much more in 
the stereographs than they find in the book. It is important 
that each pupil should be trained to describe with all the full- 
ness and accuracy possible for him what he has seen in the 
stereographs ; for in this way the pupil receives a discipline 
which is directly applicable all through life in daily work and 
play, in increasing his knowledge, and developing his capacities. 

The process differs entirely from looking passively at moving 
pictures for an hour or two. That looking yields little more 
than a transitory entertainment; for it cultivates neither the 
memory nor the power of correct description. Impressions suc- 
ceed each other so rapidly that few are fixed in the memory, 
and the spectator is not called on for any mental effort of his 
own. Sometimes, of course, strong emotion may fix an impres- 
sion which would otherwise be fleeting. 

At the review with lantern slides, every pupil should be given 
opportunity to'lecture for a few minutes on a slide familiar to 
him. Reciting on the stereographs and lecturing on the slides 
will do more for the pupil's enunciation and clearness of state- 
ment than much reading aloud from a book. English composi- 
tions written from memory about the stereographs or the 
slides will always be on subjects which have interested the 
pupils and about which they really know something. 

The material manufactured by the Keystone View Company, 
and sold by them, provides the means of teaching children and 
adolescents to see accurately, to make mental note of what they 
have seen, and then to put into language whatever has impressed 
them. All active-minded and ambitious teachers ought to be 
interested in this method of teaching; for it is applicable to a 
great variety of subjects and in all the grades. 

It is the combination of visual instruction with training of 
the memory, and practice in accurate reproduction in language 
of what has been pictured to the eye which so strongly com- 
mends to progressive teachers and superintendents the method 
which the Keystone View Company's apparatus makes avail- 
able in all schools, 



CONCRETENESS IN EDUCATION 

By William C. Bagley, Ph.D. 

Director School of Education, University of Illinois, Urbana, 111. Author: 
"The Educative Process"; "Class Room Management"; "Craftsmanship in 
Teaching"; "Educational Values"; "School Discipline." Joint Author: "Hu- 
man Behavior." Editor: School and Home; Joint Editor: Journal of Educational 
Psychology. 

It is an old saying that experience is the best teacher. One 
may, indeed, go beyond this and say that experience is the 
only real teacher. If we wish to learn about regions that we 
have never visited, we study maps and pictures and verbal 
descriptions of these regions, but our study is quite futile un- 
less we are able to translate these maps and pictures and words 
into our own experiences. We cannot understand an event 
in history unless we are able to imagine ourselves in the same 
situation that conditioned the event, and in order to do this 
we must have had experiences which we can recall and recon- 
struct into a likeness of the situation. We cannot compre- 
hend an industrial process unless we can call upon our ex- 
perience to interpret the various phases of the process and 
their relations to one another and to the process as a whole. 
Theoretically, the most effective kind of education is that in 
which the learner is brought face to face with actual concrete 
situations. Theoretically, geography is best taught by travel, 
inspection, and surveys ; civics by actual participation in social 
enterprises ; industry by actually turning raw materials into 
useful commodities. But there are many difficulties in the 
way of realizing these theoretical advantages of direct learn- 
ing through actual exp^-iences. Not only is the expense in 
time and money often prohibitive, but the very complexity of 
the actual experiences themselves may easily confuse the 
learner; he is quite likely to be distracted by the multitude of 
details, and the important lessons are then certain to be over- 
shadowed and obscured. 

Effective teaching depends very largely upon the ability to 
choose just the right details that will force home the impor- 
tant lessons; to provide an abundance of concreteness at just 
the right point. The teacher who is really an artist in the 



x CONCRETENESS IN EDUCATION 

work of teaching must know both how and where to make 
the important details stand out sharp and clear — how and 
where to place the emphasis. Maps, diagrams, models, and 
pictures may be made most serviceable means to this end. But 
they are most useful only when they accurately portray typical 
situations in a way that will insure a maximum of reality. 
The illustrations in the best modern textbooks are usually well 
selected from the point of view of their accuracy, and as a 
rule they represent typical situations. The approach to reality, 
however, is much more closely realized by pictures projected 
through the stereopticon, by moving pictures, and by stereo- 
graphs. The advantage of the stereograph in insuring the 
illusion of reality lies in the fact that the objects pictured are 
seen in three dimensions. In this respect it is superior to the 
ordinary projected picture in which the approach to reality 
is secured by magnifying the size of the objects represented, 
and for elementary education it is even superior to the moving 
picture in which the illusion of reality is due to movement. 
The stereograph also has the advantage of being more readily 
adaptable to classroom conditions than any form of projected 
picture. 

The first need, of course, is for accurate and typical pic- 
tures taken by skillful stereoscopists under the guidance of 
experts in the various fields. This need is happily met by 
the Keystone set No. 600. This set includes a rich variety 
of views, representing a wide range of regions and activities. 
The views have been carefully selected and are systematically 
arranged. 

The second need is for supplementary and interpretive ma- 
terials, and these are supplied by the explanatory text on the 
reverse of each slide and by the Teachers' Manual. With 
these aids, the teacher should find no difficulty in training the 
child to put himself into the pictured situation — actually to 
feel that he is there in close contact with the objects or taking 
an active part in the processes that are portrayed. This real- 
istic translation of one's self into the picture is the first condi- 
tion to be fulfilled in picture-study, and the relative ease with 
which this may be accomplished by creating a three-dimen- 
sional or stereoscopic illusion constitutes the unique advan- 
tage of the stereograph as an educational agency. 



HOW TO STUDY STEREOGRAPHS AND 
LANTERN SLIDES 

By Frank M. McMurry, Ph.D. 

Professor of Elementary Education, Teachers College, Columbia University. 
Author: "How to Study and Teaching How to Study"; "Elementary School 
Standards." Joint Author: Tarr & McMurry Geographies; " Method of the 
Recitation." 

Pictures furnish material for thought as does the printed 
page, and they even rival print in that task. How extensively, 
and often exclusively, do advertisers rely upon pictures for 
attracting customers ! Cartoonists compete with the most 
gifted writers in newspapers and magazines ; and the great 
picture galleries of the world quite possibly exert as much 
influence as the great libraries. 

One danger of the printed page is that it may lead to no 
imaging. A little girl who was studying a description in 
geography of a river valley was asked what she saw, as she 
reproduced the facts. She replied that she saw the page con- 
taining the words. There is always this danger in the use of 
books. 

But pictures — particularly those providing for the third 
dimension, as do the stereographs — tend to bring one into the 
presence of the thing itself. A certain pupil who was look- 
ing at a stereograph of a deep gorge unconsciously stepped 
back a few feet to avoid falling in — so actual seemed the 
danger. Such pictures guarantee reality. Since excellence in 
method of presenting ideas is largely measured by the vivid- 
ness with which situations are thus visualized, these pictures 
possess a decided superiority over textbooks. 

This very superiority leads to a serious fault. Since pic- 
tures can do so much for us, they are often relied upon to do 
all; to convey their facts directly on sight, without any effort 
on our part in the way of studying or thinking. With this 
idea in mind many persons give only a few seconds at most 
to the observation of any picture; and in consequence they 



xii .:reographs axd laxterx slides 

regard pictures more as a means of entertainment than sub- 

r study. Teachr turning that pictures 

reveal their content at a glance, frequently put no questions on 
them, while printed matter is studied with care. This attitude 
gives pictures instruction; for edu- 

cational aids that call forth no effort necessarily bring little 
benefit- 
Even in the actual presence of mountain scenery, or the 
Yellowstone Canyon, or a large factory, erne's mind has :: 
work ac :h. One must analyze ex- 

tensively, m questions :nd seek their answers 

care, in other words, must really study, if one gets much 
profit. Books and pictures, being farther removed from 
reality, require still more effort. The best thoughts in books 
are not in print; the}* are suggested by the print,' provided the 
reader's mind is awake. So the principal thoughts derived 
from a picture do not come immediately into mind ; they have 
to be sought. Intelligent visitors to picture galleries often 
stand a half hour before a painting, not mere/ staring at it, 
but studying it; and they repeat the process day after ] 

Most, if not all, of thest six hundred stereographs and 
slides are gems. Many of the ideas that they reveal lie below 
the surface, and in their stu / ~:>me of the spirit of the real 
student is necessary. 

1. In the first place, these pictures should not be examined 
in a hum-. Each pupil should follow his own rate, without 
thought of others, for thoughtful observation is other 
impossible. Thi- suggestion emphasizes method one — in the 
article following — as the plan most desirable among the four 
methods mentioned. 

2. One should not look for " just any: : g " in the picture. 
That is sure to result in very scattered and superficial observa- 
tion. 

In order to avoid careless observation the theme of the 
picture, as suggested in the title should be noted. Also, the 
;n the back of the card should be read. Mean- 
while the picture should be examined at first, not so much to 
-discover its detailed facts, as the principal questions that it 
answers. These questions should bear on the main theme 
of the picture, and be broad enough to require numerous facts 



STEREOGRAPHS AXD LANTERN SLIDES xiii 

for their answers. The conception of such questions is not 
easy work; it is real study, calling for some initiative; but 
their nature largely determines the value of the study; they 
are the source of motive for observation, and the basis for or- 
ganization of details; and as much time may well be spent 
in finding the questions as in finding their answers. 

3. The questions having been fixed upon, the more things 
one can discover that bear upon them the better ; for this num- 
ber determines the thoroughness of the knowledge, and the 
force with which impressions are driven home. On the other 
hand, facts unrelated to such questions should be disregarded,, 
because any mention of them would be only an interruption- 
Proper study of these pictures will be distinguished almost as 
much by what is omitted, as by what is included. 

4. One should study a picture — or read a book — not 
merely to know what is there, but rather to communicate the 
results to others, either orally or in writing, or otherwise to 
use them. By this provision a sense of what is valuable is 
kept alive and exercised, and one is much more discriminat- 
ing, in consequence. Unless one is willing to be a passive 
collector of facts, their utilization must be held in mind from 
the beginning. This suggestion emphasizes the importance of 
method four in the article on methods, as a supplement to 
method one. 



Note : — It is not generally known that Dr. Oliver Wendell 
Holmes perfected the stereoscope and designed the present form 
of this popular and effective instrument. It has seemed, there- 
fore, appropriate that we should give on the following page a 
quotation from the writings of Dr. Holmes. The statements 
appeared in a series of magazine articles on the stereoscope and 
stereograph published in the Atlantic Monthly. They are copy- 
righte i and are reproduced through the courtesy of Houghton, 
Mifflin & Co. 

The Publishers. 



THE STEREOSCOPE AND THE 
STEREOGRAPH 

" A stereoscope is an instrument which makes surfaces look 
solid. All pictures in which perspective and light and shade 
are properly managed, have more or less of the effect of 
solidity ; but by this instrument that effect is so heightened as to 
produce an appearance of reality which cheats the sense with 
its seeming truth. . . . 

" We see something with the second eye which we did not 
see with the first; in other words, the two eyes see different 
pictures of the same thing, for the obvious reason that they look 
from points two or three inches apart. By means of these two 
different views of an object, the mind, as it were, feels round it 
and gets an idea of its solidity. . . . 

" The stereograph, as we have called the double picture 
designed for the stereoscope, is to be the card of introduction 
to make all mankind acquaintances. 

" The first effect of looking at a good photograph through the 
stereoscope is a surprise such as no painting ever produced. The 
mind feels its way into the very depths of the picture. 

" The scraggy branches of a tree in the foreground run out 
at us as if they would scratch our eyes out. The elbow of a 
figure stands forth so as to make us almost uncomfortable. 

" Then there is such a frightful amount of detail, that we have 
the same sense of infinite complexity which Nature gives us. 

" A painter shows us masses ; the stereoscopic figures spares 
us nothing — all must be there, every stick, straw, scratch, as 
faithfully as the dome of St. Peter's, or the summit of Mont 
Blanc, or the ever-moving stillness of Niagara. The sun is no 
respecter of persons or of things. 

" This is one infinite charm of the photographic delineation. 
Theoretically, a perfect photograph is absolutely inexhaustible. 
In a picture you can find nothing which the artist has not seen 
before you ; but in a perfect photograph there will be as many 
beauties lurking, unobserved, as there are flowers that blush un- 
seen in forests and meadows. 

" It is a mistake to suppose one knows a stereoscopic picture 
when he has studied it a hundred times by the aid of the best of 
our common instruments. 

11 Do we know all there is in a landscape by looking out at 
it from our parlor-windows ? " 

— Oliver Wendell Holmes. 



HOW TO USE THE STEREOGRAPHS 
AND THE LANTERN SLIDES 

Credit for this chapter on methods cannot properly be given 
to any single educator. It represents the best judgment of 
several thousand superintendents, principals and teachers who 
for many years have used the Keystone " 600 Set " of stereo- 
graphs and lantern slides in daily classroom instruction. To 
these and other educational leaders is due the credit for the 
development of these effective methods. 

LESSON ASSIGNMENT 

Every lesson normally falls into four parts (1) the assign- 
ment by the teacher; (2) the preparation of the assignment by 
the pupils; (3) the class recitation by the pupils, directed by 
the teacher; and (4) the review, covering a series of lessons. 

The lesson assignment should be definite. Mention should 
not only be made of the exact amount of text to be read, but 
there should also be just enough said to whet the natural 
curiosity of the pupils. Here is where the stereographs func- 
tion first. With the assignment there will also be announced 
that certain stereographs, illustrating the topic in question, 
will be accessible to all pupils as a part of their lesson prepara- 
tion. This at once stimulates interest, and thus the teacher's 
preliminary work is made easy. 

STEREOGRAPHS FOR THE PREPARATION 

Stereographs play their direct part in the preparation of 
the lesson assignment. In this they are well-nigh indispensa- 
ble. The preparation of the lesson is individual work on the 
pupil's part. If he is forced to rely wholly on his textual read- 
ing, many of his conceptions of fundamental facts are sure to 
be hazy. If the stereographs did no more than correct mis- 
conceptions through visualization of the objects discussed, 
their place in the school would be secure. But they serve a 



xvi STEREOGRAPHS AND LANTERN SLIDES 

far wider purpose; they help interpret the text to the pupil; 
they constantly add new ideas of a definite character; they 
create a genuine enthusiasm for the whole lesson and become 
a vital stimulant to thought development. The correct time to 
employ the stereographs is at the point when pupils are grop- 
ing for concrete conceptions of the topic studied. And this is 
during the preparation of the lesson. 

SPECIFIC METHODS 

Various possible methods of successfully operating the ster- 
eographs immediately suggest themselves. The one best 
suited to any school will be determined by class room condi- 
tion. But actual use on the part of expert teachers, covering 
a great number of years, has demonstrated that the best results 
may be obtained by the following methods: 

REFERENCE TABLE PLAN 

Method One — Reference Table Plan. At the time the les- 
son is assigned place the selected stereographs, with stereo- 
scopes, on a table convenient of access to the pupils. The 
stereographs should be limited in number, and carefully chosen 
to supplement the textual assignment. Let the members of 
the class have free access to the stereographs during the study 
periods throughout the day, or the teacher may indicate the 
order in which groups of two to six pupils may study the 
stereographs. Let it be understood that the descriptions on 
the back are an integral part of their lesson assignment. 
When the stereographs are left on the reference table for a 
day or more this method provides for a careful study of each 
view on the part of every pupil. By this plan, each child will 
study the picture for himself, and will fix his images because 
observational time has been provided. 

SEAT STUDY 

Method Tzvo — Seat Study. The selected views are placed 
in stereoscopes and handed the first pupil in the outside row, 
during the study period. He observes each stereograph in 
turn and passes the stereoscopes in order across the aisle to 
the first pupil in the second row. Each view thus travels to 



STEREOGRAPHS AND LANTERN SLIDES xvii 

the first pupils in every row, and then back to the second pu- 
pils in each row and so on to the whole class. Two or more 
stereographs illustrating the days' topics may thus be studied 
during the regular study period in a systematic, thorough way. 
Each pupil gives to this study only the minute or two that is 
needed to fix his images and read the descriptive text for each 
stereograph. 

[Note — A modification of this plan is to have a pupil read the text 
to the class before the stereograph is passed. It permits the handling 
of the scenes more rapidly, but where possible it is best to have each 
pupil read the text as the scene is studied.] 

DESCRIPTIONS VALUABLE 

The descriptions on the backs of the views are written sim- 
ply. The vocabulary is simple and the sentences are short. 
These articles were carefully prepared so that the pupils as 
low as the fourth grade can readily handle them. As an addi- 
tional help the difficult proper words which the pupil needs 
to know are marked diacritically. It is quite desirable that 
the pupils have an opportunity to study this text in connection 
with the examination of the stereograph. 

RECITATION-STUDY PLAN FOR DEPARTMENTAL TEACHING 

Method Three — Recitation-Study. Where school plans do 
not give study period time for methods One or Two, the 
Recitation-Study plan gives results that are really wonderful. 
By this method two or three minutes of the recitation period 
are used for an intensive study of the stereograph. A pupil 
places the stereograph in a stereoscope and passes down the 
rows of seats, permitting each pupil to observe the scene for 
three or four seconds. At the same time the pupil gives loudly 
so all the class may hear a statement of facts which he has 
prepared from a previous study of the scene and its descrip- 
tion. In this way both the scene and the explanation may be 
given to a class of 40 pupils in from two to three minutes. 
If five minutes can be spared it can be used advantageously 
and permit a longer observation time for each pupil, but two 
or three minutes will answer. Some may doubt that a scene 
rich in teaching content can be presented effectively in the time 



xviii STEREOGRAPHS AND LANTERN SLIDES 

stated. These do not fully realize the efficiency of Visual In- 
struction by the Keystone method. 

[Note — A permissible modification of Method Three is to have the 
pupil read the description from the stereograph before passing it through 
the class. Wherever possible the stereographs should be placed on the 
reference table for further observation and study as opportunity affords.] 

RECITATION VITALIZED 

The time for recitation arrives. The pupils are full of the 
subject, and each is eager to tell what he has seen in his stereo- 
graphic observations. The views should be kept in reach, 
because interest begets discussion, and with discussion come 
differences of opinion. Instead of a perfunctory repetition of 
printed fact, the recitation is now a vitalized thing. The pu- 
pils have seen for themselves. They are anxious to report 
these visual experiences. Much has been written in peda- 
gogical texts about the socialized recitation. The " 600 Set " 
offers a simple, natural way of securing it. The teacher takes 
the role of a director — -her proper function. The pupils do 
the work, as they rightfully should, since the recitation is theirs 
and not the teacher's. 

Incidentally, with the new freedom born of visual experi- 
ence, the child himself solves the problems of oral expression. 
Oral composition is more talked about in teachers' books and 
gatherings, than practiced in schools. That composition mo- 
tiving has been solved by the Keystone " 600 Set " is attested 
to wherever the scenes have been put into service. The pupil 
can talk connectedly and interestingly about things he has seen. 
Try it for yourself. Select, for example, the scenes on any 
one industry from the " 600 Set " and let him study them con- 
secutively. He can tell you or write for you the Story of 
Silk, or How We Get Our Bread, and dozens of other themes 
on subjects equally vital to his future activities. 

ORAL AND WRITTEN COMPOSITION 

Method Four — Oral or Written Composition. This link- 
ing of the oral composition with the work in Geography, His- 
tory, and other regular studies of the course is highly desirable. 
It saves greatly in time and also impresses the pupil with the 
fact that the ability to express his thought accurately and flu- 



STEREOGRAPHS AND LANTERN SLIDES xix 

ently and in correct English is an essential part of his daily 
work. Ordinarily the preparation with the stereograph by 
Methods One, Two, or Three will serve equally well for the 
special drill in Oral or Written Composition. This is espe- 
cially true where all will speak or write upon the same sub- 
ject. But, oftentimes, the following method may be used with 
advantage. One stereograph is given to each pupil in the class 
for careful study for a period of from five to eight minutes. 
Each pupil studies his stereograph with the naked eye and 
reads carefully the text on the back. During this study period 
a stereoscope is supplied to each pupil in an outside row. 
These pupils, for a period of about one minute, examine their 
stereographs through the stereoscopes. Each stereograph is 
taken from the stereoscope and retained, while the stereoscope 
only is passed across the aisle to the next pupil and to the next 
until the stereoscope has crossed the room. In this way each 
pupil in the room has five minutes or more for a detailed study 
of the scene assigned him, and an additional minute for the 
study of the same scene through the stereoscope. He thus gets 
a wealth of information and an intensely real impression of the 
subject upon which he is to speak or write. 

THE LOWER GRADES 

Properly selected stereographs may be used with much sat- 
isfaction and success by the teacher to make observation lesson 
and story telling vitally real even down to the first grade and 
kindergarten. They are especially helpful in the first steps in 
elementary geography, when the child needs concrete concepts 
of mountains, rivers, lakes, hills, etc. They may assist greatly 
in interpreting the conditions emphasized in home geography, 
they create interest in food and clothing, peoples and customs 
of home and foreign lands and other topics suitable to these 
grades. 

LANTERN SLIDES FOR REVIEW 

When a definite section of the text has been covered in a 
series of daily lessons, there comes the review of the larger 
units of subject matter. The object of any review is two-fold; 
it gives a rounded survey of the material previously studied in 
detail ; and it corrects erroneous impressions or misunderstand- 



xx STEREOGRAPHS AND LANTERN SLIDES 

ings. In short, it is a re-view. Here is where the lantern 
slides work effectively. Select slides duplicating the stereo- 
graphs which have been used in the detailed study and throw 
them on the screen. Let the pupils explain their connection 
with the review topics — interpret the slides to their fellows. 
In this way the review is not only comprehensive and cor- 
rective, but is a real re-view, a re-visualization and fixing of 
images. Incidentally, the deadliness of the ordinary review 
lesson is eliminated by the introduction of a new aspect of old 
materials. Scenes previously made familiar to each individ- 
ual are now shown to the class collectively, and in a new 
dress. The lantern slide review clinches essential facts pre- 
viously studied, clarifies impressions formed and insures cor- 
rect conceptions through a free interchange of class opinion. 
This review offers an exceptionally fine opportunity for a drill 
in oral composition. 

COMBINATION STEREOGRAPHS AND SLIDES 

Since any form of visual instruction gives results that are 
strikingly superior to acquiring knowledge from the printed 
page, it is not unnatural that the enthusiastic instructor may 
for a time accept the results from any one form of visual ma- 
terial as the final product, thereby missing the far greater re- 
sults that may be obtained by a correct combination of ma- 
terials and methods as outlined above. The lantern slide has 
an important place in visual instruction methods. Experi- 
ence thus far has demonstrated that its greatest usefulness is 
in the class review. The stereograph is peculiarly adapted to 
and most effective in the individual preparation of the lesson 
assignment. Here it is supreme , among visual aids. It will 
more nearly stand alone than any other visual material. But 
even the stereograph should be followed by the lantern slide 
review. This combination of visual materials is the answer 
to the question every teacher so frequently asks herself ; How 
ran I make my school work vital? 



STEREOGRAPHS AND LANTERN SLIDES xxi 



OUTLINES OF TEACHING CONTENT 

Keystone Stereographs and Lantern slides are rich in teaching 
content. It is a pleasant surprise to note how many specific illustra- 
tions of important teaching points each scene contains. That this fea- 
ture may be presented more clearly, outlines for serial numbers 564, 
117, 276, 80, 6 and 530 are here presented. The other scenes in the 
entire series may be treated in the same way. One, then, comes to 
realize more fully the teaching value of the complete " 600 Set " and the 
advantage of the various classifications as given in the Teachers' Guide. 

SCENE 564 

1. Buildings. 

(a) Pyramid — Historical significance. 

(b) Adobe hut — peasant homes — crude construction. 

(c) Note small pyramid. 

2. People. 

(a) Race. 

(b) Oriental customs. 

(c) Tropical dress. 

(d) Method of carrying burdens. 

(e) Native children. 

3. Vegetation. 

(a) Palm trees. 

(b) Rushes and reeds. 

4. Water. 

(a) Overflow of river (enriching arid lands). 

(b) Other related ideas. 

1. Source — from higher altitude and interior rain belt 

2. Empties — where — why by delta ? 

5. Animals. 

(a) Camel. 

1. Desert method of transportation. 

2. Oriental custom of travel. 

3. Find second camel. 

(b) Water fowl. 

6. Topography. 

(a) River flood plain. 

SCENE 117 

1. Vegetation. 

(a) Cotton. 

1. Height (two to four feet). 

2. Plant, annual, woody bush, cotton fibers and seeds 

are utilized. 



xxii STEREOGRAPHS AND LANTERN SLIDES 

2. Topography. 

(a) Lowlands. 

3. People. 

(a) Black race. 

1. Characteristic kinky hair, thick lips, flat nose. 

2. Children. 

4. Other observations. 

(a) Shape of cotton boll. 

(b) Method of gathering the cotton. Note basket and bags. 

(c) Absence of leaves on cotton plant and trees in background 

indicate fall of year. 

(d) Cotton plant is obtained from seed planted in rows about 

three feet apart. 

5. Number of people in addition to those observed in foreground at 

first glance. 

6. Clothing of people. 



SCENE 276 

1. Mountain peaks — sharp, angular, young, mountains. 

2. Mountain range — series of peaks with depressions between. 

3. Valleys — small, young mountain valleys. 

4. Clouds — striking against mountain top. 

5. Snow fields accumulated in depressions. 

6. Glaciers formed from snow above and melting below. 

7. Rivulets, streams, source of river. 

8. Fir trees — varying in size. 

9. Altitude (effect on vegetation and climate — timber line, snow 

line). 

10. Weathering — erosion, talus cones at foot of mountain. 

11. Moraines — material deposited by glacial action. 

12. Rock formation — strata. 



SCENE 80 
Liberty Bell. 

I. Historical Significance. 

(a) Rung at the Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776. 

(b) Tapped with silver hammer, Liberty Loan, 1917. 

II. Story of Bell. 

(a) Imported from England, 1752. 

(b) Broken on trial ringing. 

(c) Recast in Philadelphia, 1753. 

(d) Removed to Lancaster, 1777. 

(e) Returned to State House where it served until 1828. 



STEREOGRAPHS AND LANTERN SLIDES xxiii 

(f) Received its present crack while tolling at funeral of 

Chief Justice Marshall, 1835. 

(g) Shown at International Exhibitions. 

(h) Its present location, Independence Hall, Philadelphia, 
Pa. 

Note, (a) Crack. 

(b) Motto — Proclaim liberty throughout all 

the land unto all the inhabit- 
ants thereof. 

(c) Simple design of bell. 

(d) Weathered wooden cross beam. 

(e) Artistic iron frame. 

III. Related facts pertaining to Independence Hall. 

(a) Erected 1729 to 1734 

(b) Seat of first Continental Congress. 

(c) Intimately connected with birth of nation. 

(d) Here Washington was made Commander-in-Chief of 

army, 1775. 

(e) Now Museum of Revolutionary and Historical relics. 

(f) Here Declaration of Independence was signed, July 4, 

1776. 



SCENE 6 

1. Historical Old North Church. 

2. Tenement life in crowded city district. 

(a) Tenants — evidently of foreign birth. 

(b) Children. 

(c) Home — unattractive buildings at right. 

(d) Playground. 

1. Granite paved street and gutter. 

2. Sidewalk lined with ash and garbage cans. 

3. Other observations. 

(a) Modern overhanging arc street light. 

(b) Abandoned gas light post. 

(c) Telephone conduit and wires. 

(d) Provision for outdoor life on roofs of buildings and iron 

balconies. 

(e) Brick and concrete paving on side walk. 

(f) Water hydrant (fire protection). 

(g) Vegetation. 

1. Trees maintaining life under difficult city conditions. 

2. Flower boxes in some windows. 



xxiv STEREOGRAPHS AND LANTERN SLIDES 

(h) Old frame buildings still remain, 
(i) Transportation. 

1. Human carriers. 

2. Horse and wagon. 



SCENE 530 

1. People. 

(a) Racial characteristics. 

1. Facial features, high cheek bones, slant eyes. 

2. Small stature. 

3. Optimism. 

4. Thrift, suggested by intensive cultivation of land. 

(b) Dress. 

1. Simplicity. 

2. Design and pattern of costume. 

3. Foot wear. 

4. Rice straw hat. 

2. Vegetation. 

(a) Tea on uplands, (utilizing hills and providing good 

drainage). 

(b) Rice on lowlands, (irrigation supplying moisture). 

3. Topography. 

(a) Hills and valleys. 

4. Related ideas. 

(a) Only the tea leaf is utilized. 

(b) The plant is a perennial. 

(c) Terracing of hillside to utilize all the land surface. 

5. Other detailed features. 

(a) Other tea pickers. 

(b) Tea sheds and village. 

(c) Method of carrying basket for freedom of hands in pick- 

ing tea. 



EDITORIAL BOARD 

General Introduction 
By Charles W. Eliot, Ph.D. 

President-Emeritus of Harvard University 
CONCRETENESS IN EDUCATION 

By William C. Bagley, Ph.D. 

Director School of Education, University of Illinois, Urbana, 111. Author: 
"The Educative Process"; "Class Room Management"; "Craftsmanship in 
Teaching"; "Educational Values"; "School Discipline." Joint Author: 
"Human Behavior." Editor: School and Home. Joint Editor: Journal of 
Educational Psychology. 

How to Study Stereographs and Lantern Slides 
By Frank M. McMurry, Ph.D. 

Professor of Elementary Education, Teachers College, Columbia University. 
Author: "How to Study and Teaching How to Study"; "Elementary School 
Standards." Joint Author: Tarr & McMurry Geographies; "Method of the 
Recitation." 

GEOGRAPHY 

INTRODUCTION 

By Charles T. McFarlane, Pd.D. 

Controller and Professor of Geography, Teachers College, Columbia University. 
Joint Author: Brigham & McFarlane, " Essentials of Geography." 

1. Geographical Classification and Title List 
By D. C. Ridgley, A.B. 

Professor of Geography, Illinois State Normal University, Normal, 111. Author: 
"Important Topics in Geography"; "Home Geography" 

In this chapter is presented the title list of the 600 stereo- 
graphs and lantern slides which actual classroom use has dem- 
onstrated as the most effective for purposes of instruction. 
They are classified geographically by continents and political 
divisions and give 600 references to the important countries of 
the world. (See page 3.) 



xxvi EDITORIAL BOARD 

2. People of All Lands (Racial Geography) 
By Mark Jefferson, A.M. 

Professor of Geography, Michigan State Normal College, Ypsilanti, Mich. 
Author of "Teachers' Geography"; "Materials for the Geography of Michigan"; 
'* Exercises on the Topographic Map." Associate Editor: Journal of Geography. 

153 stereographs and slides to which 154 references are 
made, illustrating the distinguishing features of the great 
races of mankind and their branches and to show the racial 
characteristics and development of the great nations. At the 
same time this classification, by showing homes, clothing, use 
of implements and industrial processes, necessarily differenti- 
ates peoples according to their civilization. (See page 31.) 

3. Production and Manufacturing (Industrial 

Geography) 

By Charles Redway Dryer, M.A., M.D. 

Geographer, Fort Wayne, Ind. Formerly Professor of Geography and Geology, 
Indiana State Normal School, Terre Haute, Ind. Author: " Studies in Indiana 
Geography"; "Lessons in Physical Geography"; "Geography, Physical, Eco- 
nomic and Regional "; " Natural Economic Geography." 

437 stereographs and slides with 968 references showing 
our industrial resources and equipment. The classification is 
divided into two main parts, the first of which deals with indus- 
tries as units under the subheads, Foods, Clothing, Mining 
and Mineral Industries, Lumbering and Forest Products, and 
Irrigation. In the second part the process is the fundamental 
idea presented under the headings, Collective, Productive, Con- 
structive and Distributive Industries. (See page 45.) 

4. Transportation 
By Emery R. Johnson, Ph.D., Sc.D. 

Professor of Transportation and Commerce, University of Pennsylvania. Au- 
thor: "Inland Waterways, Their Relation to Transportation," 1S93; "American 
Railway Transportation," 1903; "Ocean and Inland Water Transportation," 1906; 
"Elements of Transportation," 1909; "Railroad Traffic and Rates," 1911; "Pan- 
ama Canal Traffic and Tolls," 1912; "Measurement of Vessels for the Panama 
Canal," 1913; "History of Domestic and Foreign Commerce of the United States," 
2 vols., 1915. 

The classification of Transportation presents 345 stereo- 
graphs and slides with 399 references thereto. It makes plain 
the universal dependence of modern life upon means of trans- 



EDITORIAL BOARD xxvii 

portation. Every method of carrying, both primitive and 
modern, is illustrated. Human carriers, beasts of burden, 
carts, wagons, railroad trains, water craft from the Chinese 
junk to the great ocean liner or submarine and airplanes are 
shown so classified that the part each one takes in the world's 
work is easily seen. (See page 73.) 



5. Markets and Marketing 
By J. Paul Goode, Ph.D. 

Professor of Geography, University of Chicago. Specialist in Economic Geog- 
raphy and Cartography. Associate Editor Journal of Geography. Lecturer and 
writer on " Commercial and Economic Geography." Author of important series 
of wall maps for schools and colleges. 

156 stereographs and slides showing the ever increasing idea 
which the word " market " may be made to convey. In this 
classification are shown, first, the Primitive Markets where 
trade is direct. Then the Great Market Centers where the 
buying and selling is done for a large territory are seen. Next 
come the Production Centers where commodities are handled 
in such quantities as to establish a World Market, and last 
Regions with a Large Demand for a certain commodity are 
shown to be Markets for that commodity. (See page 87.) 

6. Natural Forms and Forces (Physical Geography) 
By Wallace W. Atwood, Ph.D. 

Professor of Physiography, Harvard University. Formerly Associate Professor 
of Geology and Physiography, University of Chicago. Geologist, U. S. Geological 
Survey. Author of " Interpretation of Topographic Maps "; " Geological and 
Mineral Resources of the Alaskan Peninsula"; "Physical Geography of the 
Devil's Lake Region," etc. 

During past ages the surface of the earth has been changed 
by natural forces including the atmosphere, ground and sur- 
face water, snow, and ice and internal forces such as heat and 
pressure, and by organic agencies including man. These 
forces have produced the mountains, hills and volcanoes, the 
lakes and rivers, the capes, peninsulas and islands — all these 
actions and results are illustrated in this classification of 218 
stereographs and slides with 372 references. (See page 97.) 



xxviii EDITORIAL BOARD 

7. Zones and Their Effect on Life. Elevation of 
Land (Altitude and Its Effect on Life) 

By Robert De C. Ward, A.M. 

Professor of Climatology, Harvard University. Author of " Practical Exer- 
cises in Elementary Meteorology"; "Climate, Considered Especially in Relation 
to Man." Translator of Julius Hann's " Handbuch der Klimatologie," Vol 1, 
2nd ed. Associate Editor Journal of Geography. 

185 stereographs and slides with 197 references presenting 
the effect of climate. (whether resulting from position or alti- 
tude) upon the general appearance of a country, upon vegeta- 
tion, crops, occupations and dwellings, are the basis of this 
classification. Climatic controls over the earth's surface and 
its flora, and man's mode of life under the limitations imposed 
by climate, are well illustrated in the views selected. (See 
page 109.) 

8. Geography by Nations (Political Geography) 
By E. M. Lehnerts, A.M. 

Assistant Professor of Geography and Geology, University of Minnesota. 
Associate Editor Journal of Geography 

A classification of 254 stereographs and slides with 382 ref- 
erences, showing the extent and distribution of each great 
nation's possessions, something of the geographic factors in 
each nation's development and the extent of governmental 
freedom existing throughout the world. (See page 121.) 

9. Earth Neighbors 
By James F. Chamberlain, Ed.B., S.B. 

Professor of Geography, State Normal School, Los Angeles, Cal. Associate 
Editor Journal of Geography. Author: " Field and Laboratory Exercises in 
Physical Geography"; "How We Are Fed"; "How We Are Clothed"; "How 
We Are Sheltered"; "How We Travel"; "North America"; "Europe"; 
"Asia"; "South America"; "Africa." 

96 stereographs and slides, with 99 references, dealing not 
only with telescopic photographs of the sun, moon, planets, 
comets, etc., but with those scenes upon the earth which show 
the influences of these earth neighbors upon human affairs. 
(See page 141.) 



EDITORIAL BOARD xxix 



HISTORY AND CIVICS 

INTRODUCTION 
By Albert Bushnell Hart, Ph.D., LittD., LL.D. 

Professor of Government in Harvard University 

10. Foreign Beginnings of American History 
By Hutton Webster, Ph.D. 

Professor in the University of Nebraska. Author of "Ancient History"; "Early 

European History"; "Readings in Ancient History"; and "Readings 

in Medieval and Modern History " 

This classification of 74 stereographs and slides has been 
made with the purpose of setting forth the foreign background 
of American history; to trace its people with their habits and 
customs to their sources in order that American History may 
not be isolated but may be seen in its relation to the rest of 
the world's story. (See page 151.) 



11. Foundations of the American Nation 
By Albert Bushnell Hart, Ph.D., Litt.D., LL.D. 

Professor of Government in Harvard University. Author of " Essentials of 
American History"; "Formation of the Union"; "Guide to the Study and 
Reading of American History"; "The Monroe Doctrine"; "National Ideas His- 
torically Traced"; "New American History"; "Salmon P. Chase"; "School 
History of the United States"; "Slavery and Abolition"; "Southern South," 
etc. Editor of the American Nation, "Cyclopedia of American Government"; 
"American Citizen Series"; "Epochs of American History"; "American His- 
tory Told by Contemporaries"; "American Patriots and Statesmen," etc. 

92 stereographs and slides with 123 references. " The pur- 
pose of this classification is to introduce the pupil to the for- 
mative period of American history, extending from the earliest 
discoveries by Europeans to the organization of the govern- 
ment under the constitution of 1787. This naturally includes 
the physical background, the face of the country, then the orig- 
inal inhabitants and finally some of the scenes of their colonial 
and revolutionary history." (See page 159.) 



xxx EDITORIAL BOARD 

12. The Development of Our Nation 
By H. Morse Stephens, M.A., Litt.D. 

Professor of History, University of California, Berkeley, Cal. Author: "History 

of the French Revolution"; "The Story of Portugal"; "Revolutionary 

Europe"; "Colonial Civil Service" 

204 stereographs and slides with 310 references " to make 
young people realize that their country has in time past been 
carried on by people like themselves ; to make them familiar 
with social and economic life of the past as well as with polit- 
ical events and let them feel that constitutions, presidents, 
wars, battles, treaties are only the external parts. They are 
of value only so far as they illustrate the great theme of the 
nation's growth, the nation's mind and the nation's standards." 
(See page 165.) 

13. America of Today — Our Resources — Preparedness 
By Jacques W. Redway, F.R.G.S. 

Author: "Manual of Geography." Joint Author: "Natural Geographies"; 

Commercial Geography "; " Elementary Physical Geography "; Redway School 

History"; "Book of the United States" 

This classification presents 169 stereographs and slides, with 
202 references which " will lead children to find causes and 
results of political life in economic conditions, and to under- 
stand that history is not the action of leaders but of the mass 
of people." This classification compares our resources with 
that of other countries. (See page 179.) 

14. Government 
By Arthur Norman Holcombe, Ph.D. 

Assistant Professor of Government in Harvard University. Author of " Public 

Ownership of Telephones on the Continent of Europe"; "State 

Government in the United States " 

This classification of 287 stereographs and slides with 518 
references aims to present the topic of government from the 
constitutional and institutional view point. The operations of 
government in many situations and under many conditions are 
noted. One will not fail to note the helpful way in which this 
chapter and the following one on Community Civics supple- 
ment each other. (See page 191.) 



EDITORIAL BOARD xxxi 



15. Community Civics 
By Arthur William Dunn, A.M. 

Specialist in Civic Education, United States Bureau of Education, Washington, 
D. C. Author of " Community Civics " 

299 stereographs and slides with 806 references. " The aim 
of community civics is to help the child to know his commun- 
ity, not merely a lot of facts about it, but the meaning of his 
community life, what it does for him and how it does it; 
what the community has a right to expect from him and how 
he may fulfill his obligation, meanwhile cultivating in him the 
essential qualities and habits of good citizenship." (See 
page 203.) 

16. The Cities of the World 
By John Nolen, A.M., Sc.D. 

City Planner, Landscape Architect, Boston, Mass. 

342 stereographs and slides with 1024 references, showing 
the wonderful urban development of the modern world. And 
because this is new, and the city is one of the main problems 
of modern democratic society, this classification analyzes cities 
in their growth and plans, their size and dominant functions. 
Its purpose is to create intelligent control of civic conditions 
instead of passive acceptance. (See page 219.) 

ENGLISH 

INTRODUCTION 

By Franklin Thomas Baker, Ph.D. 

Professor of English Language and Literature, Teachers College, 
Columbia University 

17. Literary Subjects and Settings 
By Franklin Thomas Baker, Ph.D. 

Professor of English Language and Literature, Teachers College, 
Columbia University 

255 stereographs and slides with 448 references. The ed- 
itor, following the idea that the trend of modern education has 
been steadily away from interest in mere words to interest in 



xxxii EDITORIAL BOARD 

the ideas and -things which words denote, has selected those 
views which illustrate the literature most commonly presented 
to pupils. The classification emphasizes the fact that knowl- 
edge obtained by the senses, especially sight, is the basis for 
both the creation and real appreciation of literary merit. (See 
page 245.) 

18. English Composition 
By James Fleming Hosic, Ph.M. 

Head of English Dept. in Chicago Normal School. Editor of English Journal. 

Secretary, The National Council of Teachers of English. Joint Author: 

"Practical English for High Schools"; "A Composition Grammar" 

This classification of 469 stereographs with 1008 references 
is made to assist growth in power of English expression. 
" Children in elementary grades cannot speak nor write ef- 
fectively when burdened with the consciousness of form." 
What they need is a real audience and something definite to 
say. The Keystone plan fills these needs. The editor has 
grouped together a series of possibilities for interesting com- 
position work, oral and written. The classification includes a 
variety of business letters concerning real business. (See 
page 259.) 

19. Spelling 
By William Estabrook Chancellor, A.M. 

Head Dept. of Economics, Politics and Sociology, College of Wooster (Ohio). 
Financial Writer. Author of "Evening School Series"; "Graded City Spell- 
ers"; "How to Teach Spelling"; "Spelling; Its Principles, Methods and De- 
vices"; "Our Schools: Their Administration and Supervision." 

The editor has prepared this classification of 482 stereo- 
graphs and slides with 895 references to show how spelling 
may be converted from a mechanical process to a living one 
which will train in initiative ingenuity and accuracy. Sug- 
gestions are made for each grade from the third to the eighth. 
(See page 269.) 

20. Biography 
By Charles H. McCarthy, Ph.D. 

Dean of the School of Philosophy, and Knights of Columbus Professor of 
American History, Catholic University of America, Washington, D. C. Author: 
•" Lincoln's Plan of Reconstruction "; " Civil Government in the United States "; 
** Columbus and His Predecessors." 



EDITORIAL BOARD xxxiii 

550 stereographs and slides with 2648 references to the peo- 
ple who have impressed their lives most strongly on the prog- 
ress of the race. 

Listed alphabetically — the Old and New World separately 
— this classification is replete with useful information for the 
teacher or student of History and Literature. (See page 279.) 

AGRICULTURE 

INTRODUCTION 

By Charles F. Curtiss, M.S.A., D.S. 

Dean Division of Agriculture and Director of the Experiment Station, 
Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa 

21. Soils 
By Alfred Vivian, Ph.G. 

Dean College of Agriculture, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. President 
Board of Education for State of Ohio 

68 stereographs and slides with 76 references, which illus- 
trate the formation of soils, the kinds and something of their 
management. (See page 311.) 

22. Farm Crops 
By W. M. Jardine, B.S.A., LL.D. 

President, Kansas State Agricultural College, Manhattan, Kan. 

78 stereographs and slides with 99 references to show what 
crops come from the farm and how they are raised. (See 
page 319.) 

23. Garden, Orchard and Woodlot 
By R. L. Watts, M.S. 

Professor of Horticulture, Dean Department of Agriculture and Director of the 
Experiment Station, State Agricultural College, State College, Pa. 

This selection of 48 stereographs and slides with 49 refer- 
ences enables the editor to present many helpful items of in- 
struction dealing with the garden products, orcharding and the 
timber supply of the woodlot. There is included an interest- 
ing classification on Landscape Gardening. (See page 327.) 



xxxiv EDITORIAL BOARD 

24. Animal Husbandry 
By W. A. Cochel, A.B., B.S. 

Professor of Animal Husbandry, Kansas State Agricultural College, 
Manhattan, Kan. 

36 selected stereographs and slides with 37 references illus- 
trate the value of livestock as a dominant factor in agricul- 
ture. From primitive herding to the highly complex business 
of the modern feed lot the important items in animal hus- 
bandry are shown. (See page 335.) 

25. Farm Management — Farm Machinery 
By Martin Luther Fisher, M.S. 

Professor of Crop Production and Farm Management and in charge Department of 
Agronomy, Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind. 

Assisted by Wm. Aitkenhead, A.M., M.E. 

Associate Professor of Farm Mechanics, Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind. 

This classification of 96 stereographs and slides with 238 
references analyzes and illustrates " the handling of the farm 
and its equipment so as to produce farm products with the 
greatest profit and still maintain or even increase the produc- 
tiveness of the soil." (See page 341.) 

26. Farm Home and Farm Life 
By A. E. Winship, Litt.D., LL.D. 

Lecturer, Editor Journal of Education, Boston. Author: "The Shop"; "Life 

of Horace Mann"; "Great American Educators"; "Jukes-Edwards"; 

" Our Boys " 

124 stereographs and slides with 215 references presenting 
the farm as a home rather than as a business. They show the 
farm home, the farmer's independence; the scientific knowl- 
edge needed in his work, the methods of working and the social 
side of country life. (See page 355.) 

NATURE STUDY 

INTRODUCTION 

By Ernest Thompson Seton 

Naturalist and Author, Greenwich, Conn. Founder and Chief Woodcraft League 



EDITORIAL BOARD 



XXXV 



27. Plants and Plant Associations 
By John M. Coulter, Ph.D. 

Professor and Head Dept. of Botany, University of Chicago 

Assisted by George D. Fuller, Ph.D. 

Instructor in Plant Ecology, University of Chicago 

This classification of 184 stereographs and slides with 358 
references deals with plants, their kinds, their relation to each 
other, and the factors which determine what plants can live 
on a given area. (See page 365.) 

28. Animals 
By Ernest Thompson Seton 

Naturalist and Author, Greenwich, Conn. Founder and Chief Woodcraft League 

143 stereographs and slides with 156 references selected to 
show a great range of animals both domestic and wild with 
something of their natures, habits and their uses to man. (See 
page 377.) 

29. Out Door Life 

Boy Scouts, Campfire Girls, Woodcraft League 

By Daniel Carter Beard ("Dan Beard") 

Honorary Vice-President, and National Scout Commissioner, Boy Scouts of 
America, Flushing, N. Y. 

356 stereographs and slides, with 369 references which carry 
us on hikes anywhere on the face of the globe. This series 
encourages outdoor life and at the same time shows how the 
imagination and Keystone Views together enable us to travel 
over the world, " to hit the trail back through history." The 
classification suggests many themes and lends itself especially 
as an aid to English Composition. (See page 387.) 

30. Vocational Guidance 
By Meyer Bloomfield, B.A. 

Director of the Vocational Bureau, Boston, Mass. Author: "Vocational Guidance 

of Youth"; "The School and the Start in Life"; "Youth, School 

and Vocation " 

These 137 stereographs and slides with 178 references bring 



xxxvi EDITORIAL BOARD 

the most helpful thought that everything we use and enjoy is 
the result of our own or some one else's labor, and that to do 
one's work well means skill, thought, effort and sacrifice. The 
classification presents the best possible introduction for chil- 
dren to the vital subject of choosing a life career. (See 
page 393.) 

DOMESTIC SCIENCE AND ART 

INTRODUCTION 

By Martha Van Rensselaer, A.B. 

Professor of Home Economics, and Director of Extension Dept. of Home 
Economics, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. Editor and Author 
of " Reading Course for Farm Home " 

31. Industries Supplying the Home 
By Lorenzo Dow Harvey, Ph.D. 

President of Stout Institute, Menominee, Wis. Author: "Practical Arithmetic"; 
" Essentials of Arithmetic " 

This selection of 90 stereographs with 101 references is de- 
signed to give the student of Domestic Science and Domestic 
Art a broad view of the close relationship existing between the 
home and the great world of industry. (See page 405.) 

32. Food and Cookery 
By Edna N. White, B.S. 

Head of Dept. of Home Economics and Supervisor of Home Economics Extension 
Dept. Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 

Assisted by Lelia McGuire, B.S. 

Assistant Professor of Home Economics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 

108 stereographs and slides with 111 references, relating to 
foods, their values and preparation for use. This classifica- 
tion ably presents the necessity for intelligent use and conser- 
vation of foodstuffs. (See page 409.) 

33. Textiles and Clothing 
By Anna M. Cooley, B.S. 

Associate Professor of Household Arts Education, Teachers College, Columbia 
University. Author: " Domestic Art in Woman's Education." Joint Author: 
"Food and Health"; "Clothing and Health"; "The Home and the Family"; 
"Shelter and Clothing"; "Foods and Household Management"; "Occupations 
for Little Fingers." 

Assisted by Edith P. Chace, B.S. 

Instructor in Household Arts Education, Teachers College, Columbia University 



EDITORIAL BOARD xxxvii 

191 stereographs with 239 references showing the origin and 
manufacture of materials, the uses of the various textiles, in- 
dustrial occupations connected with their production and the 
costumes of various countries both ancient and modern. (See 
page 421.) 

34. Household Administration 
By Grace Schermerhorn, B.S. 

Director of Cooking in the New York City Public Schools. Formerly 

Assistant Professor of Home Economics, University of Idaho; Director of 

Practice Teaching in Home Economics, Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa 

This classification of 53 stereographs and slides with 60 ref- 
erences aims to tie together the work done in Foods, Clothing 
and Shelter, dealing with the subject from the point of view 
of the home maker. (See page 431.) 

INDUSTRIAL ARTS 

INTRODUCTION 

By Charles A. Prosser, Ph.D. 

Director Dunwoody Industrial Institute, Minneapolis, Minn. Author: "New 
Harmony Movement"; "The Organization and Administration of Vocational Edu- 
cation'"; "The Meaning of Vocational Education," etc. General Editor "Voca- 
tional Educational Series." National Director of Federal Commission on Voca- 
tional Education. 

35. Industrial Design — Including Architecture 
By Raymond P. Ensign 

Instructor in Design, Supervisor of Design Classes, Pratt Institute, 
Biooklyn, N. Y. 

These 473 stereographs and slides with 1167 references 
thereto make a classification which brings a wealth of illus- 
trative material for Manual Training classes in Design. It 
shows the advantage taken of Natural Forces, Mechanical 
Powers and Construction, while the second part gives the His- 
tory of Architecture and Architectural Design and Construc- 
tion adapted to uses of every kind. (See page 437.) 

36. Wood 
By George M. Brace, M.A. 

Director Manual Training High School, St. Paul, Minn. 



xxxviii EDITORIAL BOARD 

147 stereographs and slides with 190 references which illus- 
trate the place which wood occupies in our life. Its growth, 
cutting, manufacture and uses form the subject matter of the 
classification. (See page 469.) 

37. Metals — Sources and Uses 
By Harry S. Bitting 

President Williamson Free School of Mechanical Trades, Williamson School, Pa. 

Ill stereographs and slides with 120 references selected to 
show the sources, preparation, manufacture and uses of our 
more important metals. (See page 475.) 

38. Concrete, Stone, Brick and Tile 
By Charles M. Spofford, S.B. 

Hayward Professor of Civil Engineering in Charge of the Department of Civil 
and Sanitary Engineering of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and 
Harvard University. Author: '"The Theory of Structures." Member, Fay, 
Spofford and Thorndike, Consulting Engineers, Boston, Mass. 

117 stereographs and slides with 137 references make a 
classification of interest to the pupil, showing the sources and 
processes of obtaining and preparing these four great build- 
ing materials and their uses in modern constructive works. 
(See page 483.) 

39. Local Industries 
By Clifford B. Connelley, Sc.D. 

Dean School of Applied Industries, Carnegie Institute of Technology, 
Pittsburg, Pa. 

122 stereographs with 145 references selected to show the 
children the industrial life that goes on about them. The 
views brought together in this classification will give accurate 
ideas of the industrial activities of the communities in which 
they live and make personal adjustment to industry easier and 
better. (See page 491.) 

40. Hygiene — Health Habits 
By Michael Vincent O'Shea, B.L. 

Professor of Education, University of Wisconsin. Author: " Education as 
Adjustment"; "Dynamic Factors in Education"; "Linguistic Development and 



EDITORIAL BOARD xxxix 

Education"; "Social Development and Education"; "Every Day Problems in 
Teaching." Editor-in-chief, "The World Book." 

The 72 stereographs and slides with 188 references in this 
classification are made the basis for stimulating suggestions as 
to health habits with regard to outdoor life, work, food and 
drink, hearing, breathing, air and light, fatigue and cleanliness. 
(See page 5^1.) 

FINE ARTS 

INTRODUCTION 

By C. Valentine Kirby 

Director of Art Education, Pittsburgh Public Schools 

41. Drawing — Study of Stereographs and Slides to 
Show Elements of Art 

By Harry W. Jacobs 

Director Art Instruction, Public Schools, Buffalo, N. Y. 

216 stereographs and slides with 283 references are em- 
bodied in this classification to give a practical view point on 
the subject of perspective and drawing in general. Such sub- 
heads as Parallel Perspective, Angular Perspective, Poster 
Drawing, Pencil, Pen or Charcoal Sketches from Photographs 
to Develop Technique, and Nature show the range of subjects 
illustrated. (See page 509.) 

42. House Design and Decoration ; Costume Design 
By Mary J. Quinn 

Supervisor of Design, Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y. Author: " Planning and 
Furnishing the Home " 

Art in the home brings art instruction to a practical applica- 
tion. Houses and furnishings should be studied and children 
should be taught to judge what is best in a given circumstance. 
Then, too, the clothes of the people reveal their civilization. 
They express the manners, the habits of living, the workman- 
ship, the art of the people. The classification presents 258 
stereographs with 387 references. (See page 517.) 

43. Photography 
By C. E. K. Mees, D.Sc. 

Director Research Laboratory, Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N. Y. 

223 stereographs and slides with 271 references which fur- 



xl EDITORIAL BOARD 

nish instruction as to composition, perspective, lighting, choice 
of subject and of view and illustrates thoroughly each point ex- 
plained. This classification is a splendid introduction to the 
photographers' art. (See page 543.) 

44. Visualized Problems 
By John H. Walsh, LL.B., Ph.D. 

Associate Superintendent of Schools, The City of New York. Joint Author: 
■" Walsh-Suzzallo Arithmetics." Author: "Mathematics for Grammar Schools" 
■"New Primary Arithmetic"; "New Grammar School Arithmetic"; "Practical 
Methods in Arithmetic," etc. 

This classification of 235 stereographs and slides with 271 
references lifts Arithmetic out of abstraction (a position which 
it too often occupies) into a vital relation with life. By visu- 
alizing the premises upon which the problems are based, the 
study is made both interesting and practical. (See page 557.) 

FOR THE LITTLE FOLKS 

INTRODUCTION 

By William C. Bagley, Ph.D. 

Director School of Education, University of Illinois, Urbana, 111. 

45. Children of the World, Including Home Life 
By G. A. Mirick, A.M. 

Educational Specialist, Cambridge, Mass. Formerly Assistant Commissioner of 
Education, Supervising Elementary Schools, State of New Jersey. Author: 
" Home Life Around the World "; "A Grammar for Elementary Schools." Joint 
Author Kendall and Mirick Series "How to Teach the Fundamental Subjects"; 
" How to Teach Special Subjects." 

A classification of 199 stereographs and slides with 397 ref- 
erences selected from the point of view of the interests and 
mental capacities of the children who are to use them. Three 
distinct groupings are indicated so that, regardless of the 
method of approaching the child favored by the particular 
school, the material will lend itself readily to the plan used. 
(See page 581.) 

46. Plants and Animals 
By Anna Botsford Comstock 

Assistant Professor of Nature Study. Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. 



EDITORIAL BOARD xli 

Editor Nature Study Review. Author: "Handbook of Nature Study"; "The 
Pet Book"; "Ways of the Six-footed." Joint Author: "How to Know the 
Butterflies." 

This classification of 47 stereographs and slides brings to 
the little people a wealth of material to encour^e observation, 
reflection, appreciation and expression. The views are se- 
lected to appeal constantly to the little child's small fund of ex- 
perience for the purpose of comparison or relating what is 
known. (See page 595.) 

47. Reading 
By Charles Madison Curry, A.M. 

Professor of Literature in the Indiana State Normal School, Terre Haute, Ind. 
Author: " Literary Readings." Joint Author: Holton-Curry Readers 

Most of the poems and stories used in the readers of the 
lower grades as well as the best supplementary readers are 
illustrated in this classification of 484 stereographs with 721 
references. (See page 605.) 

48. Some Things We Eat: Some Things We Wear 
By William M. Gregory 

Professor of Geography, School of Education, Cleveland, Ohio 

It is '.the aim of this classification of 129 stereographs and 
slides with 132 references to make real and vivid the elemen- 
tary ideas of life; to help children to realize the actual condi- 
tions under which we live and how dependent we are upon 
those people who supply our many needs. (See page 629.) 

49. Home Geography 
By R. H. Whitbeck, A.B. 

Professor of Geography, University of Wisconsin. Editor Journal of Geography 

This classification of 297 stereographs and slides with 592 
references has for its purpose 'the building up of fundamental 
concepts by directing observation to the home region. It 
shows the purpose of the home, the need for home industries 
for supplying our wants, how materials for clothing are ob- 



xlii EDITORIAL BOARD 

tained and an understanding of simple industries, of trade, of 
travel and of transportation. (See page 641.) 

50. Travelogue and Lecture Suggestions 
By Russell H. Conwell, D.D., LL.D. 

Lecturer. President of Temple University, Philadelphia 

Oftentimes there is need of a definite listing of lantern slides 
for a review of regional geography, or other school subject, or 
when it is desired to use the slides as program material for 
community meetings to link up the home and the school. This 
classification of 587 slides with 1489 references will prove very 
helpful for such use. (See page 653.) 



GEOGRAPHY 

INTRODUCTION 
By Charles T. McFarlane, Pd.D. 

Professor of Geography, Teachers College, Columbia University 

Geography is " the study of the earth and its products, of 
man and his industries and of their influence upon each other." 
For most school children the study of geography is confined to 
the early years of school life. It comes at a time when children 
have had but little first hand contact with the world, its people 
and their industries and before travel has made them familiar 
with distant places and people or with the products of the earth 
and the industries growing out of their preparation for use. 
With the mind of the child open and receptive the intense real- 
ity of the stereoscopic presentation insures that the first ideas 
and concepts formed will be accurate, vivid and permanent. 

Failing direct contact with the world that lies beyond a 
familiar horizon children for the most part learn of it through 
the medium of the spoken word, the printed page, or its 
pictured representation. For this reason works on geography 
and travel are usually well illustrated and many of the most 
modern text books in geography prepared for the use of chil- 
dren devote a third or more of their space to maps, pictures 
and other illustrations. 

No other subject in the elementary school lends itself so 
readily to the use of illustrative material or requires more of 
it, and the text book in geography, with its numerous maps and 
its hundreds of pictures is always the most attractive of school 
books. 

Not only do teachers make constant use of the pictures in the 
text-book itself, but they frequently find too few to meet their 
requirements. The result is that most teachers of geography 
are constantly collecting from every possible source pictures 
valuable for study or for class room use during a lesson period. 
Collections of this sort are valuable in proportion as they show 

i 



2 GEOGRAPHY — INTRODUCTION 

clearly and accurately the features or process to be taught, and 
to the degree that some system of classification and cross refer- 
ence makes each picture available for instant use in connection 
with any topic where its use might be helpful. 

The pictures in the Keystone collection have been carefully 
chosen because of their teaching quality and because they are 
susceptible of clear and simple explanation. They are photo- 
graphs and possess the incomparable advantage of the* stereo- 
scopic quality. Upon this latter advantage it is not necessary 
to dwell beyond emphasizing the fact that in no other kind of 
picture is there the clearness of perspective — the third dimen- 
sion — that is found in views of this sort. 

The moving picture fails exactly as does the flat photograph 
to show this perspective quality and is for that very reason often 
quite misleading in the impression that it gives. Farther the 
moving picture can not be studied. Even the least inflammable 
of films can be " held " for only a brief time without being 
damaged or destroyed. It flickers on and off the screen with 
no explanation at all or with the briefest of running comment. 
The opportunity for a quiet and careful study of the picture un- 
til its full meaning is understood is altogether lacking. To 
other disadvantages connected with the use of moving pictures 
must be added the cost of equipment and the difficulties and 
dangers connected with showing them. 

To a remarkable degree the collection of Keystone views 
meets the needs of teacher and children. They have been care- 
fully selected for this particular use. They have been grouped 
and indexed by experts. They may be studied at any time, as 
often and for as long a time as necessary. 

The nine classifications immediately following treat the sub- 
ject of Geography from various view points and with consider- 
able fullness. The teacher of the lower grades should note 
especially the classifications " Some Things we Eat ; Some 
Things We Wear " page 629 and " Home Geography " page 
641, also the classifications covering the geographic supplemen- 
tary reading pages 611 and 613. 



1. GEOGRAPHICAL CLASSIFICATION 
AND TITLE LIST 

By DOUGLAS C. RIDGLEY, A.B. 

PROFESSOR OF GEOGRAPHY, ILLINOIS STATE NORMAL UNIVERSITY, 

NORMAL, ILL. 

This list of 600 views is a complete catalog of the " 600 Set " 
with titles given in full. In classifications following this Geo- 
graphical Classification, titles are somewhat abbreviated, or en- 
tirely changed so that the thought of the Editor of any chapter 
may be more clearly presented. In every case, however, the 
stereograph or lantern slide may be quickly identified by the 
serial number which is always given. If the full title and geo- 
graphical location is desired, turn to the corresponding number 
in this list in which the views are numbered consecutively from 
1 to 600. 

The numbers first given are the serial numbers of the " 600 
Set," and run from 1 to 600 inclusive. These numbers are fol- 
lowed by negative numbers. Such a number serves as an ab- 
solute means of identification. The negative number is fol- 
lowed by the title of the scene. In all lists following this one 
the negative number is omitted. 

Teachers and pupils will be well repaid by making frequent 
and careful examination of this Geographical Classification in 
all its main divisions and sub-divisions. A careful study of the 
exact title and geographical location of the individual scenes 
will yield excellent results. The serial numbers may be en- 
tered on outline maps of the United States and of each con- 
tinent, in their appropriate places. Maps in the text-book in 
geography, in atlases, and wall maps, can be used to advantage 
in locating the scenes accurately. The order of the countries 
is that usually followed by modern text-books in geography. 

An accurate and comprehensive knowledge of the scenes in 
this Geographical Classification is indispensable to the teacher 
who expects to make the best use of the numerous lists follow- 

3 



4 GEOGRAPHICAL CLASSIFICATION 

ing this one. Such knowledge is to be obtained by using spare 
moments occasionally in the examination of the stereographs 
in regular order, learning the details of the scene, its exact 
title, and by reading the descriptive matter on the backs of the 
stereographs. Such examination and study will prove a real 
delight to the instructor. By knowing well the scenes of the 
list, and the geographical setting of each, the teacher can de- 
termine instantly the value of any division of the Classification 
in relation to the class work which pupils may be pursuing. 
He is prepared also to select quickly any scene or group of 
scenes that may bear on any topic that may come incidentally 
in school work. The topical index at the back of the Teachers' 
Manual will be found convenient and helpful in linking up these 
excellent illustrations with the teaching program. 

Note especially the careful distribution of these superb 
stereographs and lantern slides over the entire geographic 
range. Regardless of the region studied, you will usually 
find some scene in this " 600 Set " that bears directly on the 
work in hand. This is a distinct achievement which only the 
remarkable collection of negatives possessed by the Keystone 
View Company makes possible. Every state in the United 
States is represented. Surely, this is an important considera- 
tion to the instructor who would present our great nation in 
a comprehensive way. The other countries of the world are 
visualized with a completeness that is as pleasing as it is vital 
to the best instruction. 

NORTH AMERICA 
303 stereographs or slides 

UNITED STATES AND POSSESSIONS 

(Except Asiatic Possessions) 

261 stereographs or slides 

New England States 

24 stereographs or slides 

MAINE — 2 stereographs or slides 

1 (12260) Logs from the forest delivered at the stream, Aroostook 

Co., Me. 

2 (14227) Flashlight of wild moose in a Maine forest. 



NEW ENGLAND STATES 



NEW HAMPSHIRE — i stereograph or slide 

3 (13709) Quarrying granite — Drilling preparatory to splitting, 

Concord, N. H. 

VERMONT — 2 stereographs or slides 

4 (13701) Marble quarry, Proctor, Vt. — Largest quarry opening in 

the world. 

5 (13706) Chiseling marble — Architectural department, Vermont 

Marble Company, Proctor, Vt. 

MASSACHUSETTS — 15 stereographs or slides 

6 (6172) Old North Church, Boston, Mass. 

7 (6180) Quincy Market and Faneuil Hall, Boston, Mass. 

8 (11687) Old State House from Court Street, Boston, Mass. 

9 (11686) Longfellow's Home, Cambridge, Mass. 

10 (11680) Lexington Common, Lexington, Mass. 

11 (22188) Skilled workmen cutting leather for high quality shoes, 

Mass. 

12 (22189) Lasting machine shaping shoes in a Massachusetts shoe 

factory. 

13 (20221) Drying codfish in the sun — Gloucester and harbor in the 

distance, Mass. • 

14 (22080) Spinning cotton yarn in the great textile mills, Lawrence, 

Mass. 

15 (22082) Copying design on copper rolls for printing cotton cloth, 

Lawrence, Mass. 

16 (22083) General view in large printing room of cotton mills, Law- 

rence, Mass. 

17 (22125) Sorting wool after cleaning and washing, Lawrence, Mass. 

18 (22127) Doubling frame in a large woolen mill, Lawrence, Mass. 

19 (22068) Cut rags after removing from washing drums — Paper 

mills, Holyoke, Mass. 

20 (22070) Inspecting paper delivered by machine, Holyoke, Mass. 

RHODE ISLAND — 1 stereograph or slide 

21 (16773) Skilled workers manufacturing jewelry, Providence, R. I. 

CONNECTICUT — 3 stereographs or slides 

22 (20301) Weighing and sorting raw silk skeins — Silk industry 

(reeled silk), So. Manchester, Conn. 

23 (20312) First drawing or straightening of fibers — Silk industry, 

So. Manchester, Conn. 

24 (20316) Spinning — Silk industry, So. Manchester, Conn. 

Middle Atlantic States 
60 stereographs or slides 
NEW YORK — 26 stereographs or slides 

25 (16774) Looking down on New York's Skyscrapers from Wool- 

worth Tower (S. W.) over Battery to Statue of Liberty 
and Harbor. 



6 GEOGRAPHICAL CLASSIFICATION 

26 (14244) Ferry slips and water front of New York City, from the 

Brooklyn side. 

27 (10558) The Great Brooklyn Bridge, New York. 

28 (16760) Old and New City Halls and World Building from City 

Hall Park, New York City. 

29 (1009) Wall Street, the financial center, New York. 

30 (13773) Up Broadway from Bowling Green, New York. 

31 (16751) Many forms of transportation required in large centers 

of population, New York City. 

32 ( 16752) The Gateway of America — Immigrants landing from 

barge at Ellis Island, N. Y. 

33 (18203) Domestic Art — Dining room and living room. 

34 (^2165) Conveyor with trays of loaf sugar received from drying 

kiln, N. Y. 

35 (/2164) Filling and sewing bags of granulated sugar, New York 

City. 

36 (6299) The cemetery at Sleepy Hollow, N. Y. 

37 (13511) Washington's Headquarters at Newburgh on the Hudson, 

N. Y. 

38 (12456) A charming landscape, Hudson River Valley, N. Y. 

39 (13508) Looking up the Hudson- River from West Point, N. Y. 

40 (22260) Folding and ironing linen collars, Troy, N. Y. 

41 (22190) General view sewing room — Large shoe factory, Syra- 

cuse, N. Y. 

42 (22019) Solar method of evaporating salt brine — 'Collecting, 

draining and hauling salt, Syracuse, N. Y. 

43 (16753) A busy path of commerce in central New York — Four 

track railway, electric road at right, Erie Canal at ex- 
treme left. 

44 (16754) Summer spraying in apple orchard, Hilton, N. Y. 

45 (16756) Washing 1,000 lbs. of freshly churned butter, Cohocton, 

N. Y. 

46 (16750) Automatic machine for filling and capping bottles of milk. 

47 (6708) Picking and loading cantaloupes near Buffalo, N. Y. 

48 (6835) Mouth of Erie Canal, Buffalo, N. Y. 

49 (149) American Falls, summer view, Niagara Falls, N. Y. 

50 (171) The "Beauteous Queen of Cataracts" — American Falls, 

winter view, Niagara Falls, N. Y. 



NEW JERSEY — io stereographs or slides 

51 (16730) Picturesque Palisades of the Hudson River, looking north, 

New Jersey. 

52 (16762) The Vaterland — the largest ship in the world (1917) — 

and other German ships seized when war was declared 
April, 1917, Hoboken, N. J. 

53 (22110) Drawing warp for weaving silk cloth in extensive silk 

mills at Paterson, N. J. 

54 (22111) Weaving room in the famous silk mills at Paterson, N. J. 



MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES 7 

55 (22112) Machine weaving dozens of fine taffeta silk ribbons, Pat- 

erson, N. J. 

56 (16717) 1500 hens (White Leghorn) in laying house — Corning 

Egg Farm, Bound Brook, New Jersey. 

57 (16749) Milking scene in modern dairy, Plainsboro, New Jersey. 

58 (22096) Firing tableware in the noted pottery center, Trenton, 

N.J. 

59 (22097) Artists decorating porcelain ware, Trenton, N. J. 

60 (1007) In the surf, Atlantic City, N. J. 



PENNSYLVANIA — 24 stereographs or slides 



61 (6342) 



62 


(6322) 


63 


(6523) 


64 


(6531) 


65 


(6414) 


66 


(6420) 


67 


(6421) 


68 


(6365) 


69 


(20058) 


70 


(20352) 


71 


(16729) 


72 


(11404) 


73 


(195) 


74 


(20048) 


75 


(20049) 


76 


(7052) 


77 


(7057) 


78 


(7064) 


79 (13204) 


80 


(9648) 


81 


(22128) 


82 


(7090) 



Confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers 
forming the Ohio River, Pittsburgh, Pa. 

Plant of the blast furnace, Pittsburgh, Pa. 

Modern pig iron machine at rest, Pittsburgh, Pa. 

Emptying cooled pig iron from molds into car, pig iron 
machine, Pittsburgh, Pa. 

Filling molds with steel, Pittsburgh, Pa. 

Steel ingot on the " table " of the " blooming " mill, Steel 
Works, Pittsburgh, Pa. 

Red-hot steel beam from rolling process being cut into 
lengths by buzz saw, Steel Works, Pittsburgh, Pa. 

General view of ovens — Loading coke into the cars, 
Connellsville, Pa. 

Filling shell with nitro-glycerine, preparatory to shooting 
the well — Oil field in Pennsylvania. 

Shooting well with eighty quarts of nitro-glycerine. Oil 
field, Pennsylvania. 

Wagon used to haul ammunition to Admiral Perry on 
Lake Erie (1813) — "prairie schooner" type — Craw- 
ford County, Pa. 

A June carnival — Dancing around the daisy pole, Craw- 
ford County, Penn'a. 

Culp's Hill, Gettysburg, Pa. 

Stripping coal at Hazleton, Pa. 

Miners going into the slope, Hazleton, Pa. 

Miner drilling and laborer loading " black diamonds " in 
the rough, anthracite mining, Scranton, Pa. 

Loading cage with car of coal at bottom of shaft, Scran- 
ton, Pa. 

Tandem automatic slate picker, Scranton, Pa. 

Shipping coal — Coal breaker in background, Ashley, Pa. 

The Old Liberty Bell, Independence Hall, Philadelphia, 
Pa. 

Spinning room, winding bobbins with woolen yarn for 
weaving, Philadelphia, Pa. 

General view of the erecting shop, Baldwin Locomotive 
Works, Philadelphia, Pa. 



GEOGRAPHICAL CLASSIFICATION 



83 (16761) School gardens as a practical educational method — 

Showing Boy Scouts and Camp Fire Girls, Philadelphia, 
Pa. 

84 (22291) Coining presses, Government Mint, Philadelphia, Pa. 

South Atlantic States 

27 stereographs or slides 
DELAWARE — J stereograph or slide 

85 (6952) Gathering peaches, Delaware. 

MARYLAND — 1 stereograph or slide 

86 (6881) "Shucking" oysters, oyster house, Baltimore, Md. 

DIST. OF COLUMBIA — 9 stereographs or slides 

87 (224) The Capitol, Washington, D. C. 

88 (16770) Pres. Woodrow Wilson, reading message to joint session 

of House and Senate, Congressional Chamber, Wash- 
ington, D. C. 

89 (16763) Supreme Court Room, in the Capitol, Washington, D. C. 

90 (895) From War, State and Navy Building — White House, 

Treasury, Pennsylvania Ave. and the Capitol, Washing- 
ton, D. C. 

91 (8025) The White House, Washington, D. C. 

92 (16768) The Cabinet Room, Executive Annex to White House, 

Washington, D. C. 

93 (16769) From Washington Monument east to Capitol over Agri- 

cultural Dept. grounds, Washington, D. C. 

94 (22290) Making paper money, Bureau of Printing and Engraving, 

Washington, D. C. 

95 (8046) Congressional Library, Washington, D. C. 

VIRGINIA — 5 stereographs or slides 

96 (8038) Washington's old home, Mt. Vernon, Va. 

97 (20197) A mountain of oyster shells to be placed as bedding for 

young oysters, Hampton, Va. 

98 (14196) Pocahontas pleading for the life of John Smith — En- 

acted by the survivors of the Pamunkey Indian Tribe 

at the Jamestown Exposition — Opening Day, April 26, 

1907. 
Some operations of the Life Saving Corps — Jamestown 

Exposition. 
Great warships in Hampton Roads, Va. 



99 (14219) 

100 (14158) 

WEST VIRGINIA — j stereograph or slide 

101 (184) Harper's Ferry, West Virginia. 

NORTH CAROLINA — i? stereographs or slides 

102 (6309) Overlooking the Blue Ridge Mountains from Mt. Tox- 

away, N. C. 

103 (6208) Burning charcoal, mountains in western North Carolina. 



SOUTH CENTRAL STATES 9 

SOUTH CAROLINA — ,? stereographs or slides 

104 (20010) Flooding the rice fields, South Carolina. 

105 (13751) Hoeing rice, South Carolina. 

GEORGIA — 2 stereographs or slides 

106 (13722) Rosin on the docks, Savannah, Ga. 

107 (13747) A turpentine farm — Dippers and chippers at work, Sa- 

vannah, Ga. 

FLORIDA — 4 stereographs or slides 

108 (13740) Harvesting Indian River pineapples, Florida. 

109 (314) Old Slave Market, St. Augustine, Fla. 

110 (13749) Alligator Joe's battle with a wounded 'gator, Palm 

Beach, Fla. 

111 (9175) Sponge market, Key West Harbor, Fla. 

South Central States 

1 6 stereographs or slides 
KENTUCKY — 2 stereographs or slides 

112 (20092) Tobacco field in Kentucky. 

113 (16741) Cabin in which Abraham Lincoln was born, Hodgensville 

Ky. 

TENNESSEE — 2 stereographs or slides 

114 (23082) Chattanooga and Tennessee River Valley seen from 

Lookout Mountain, Tenn. 

115 (16738) Mining phosphate and loading cars near Columbia, Tenn. 

ALABAMA — / stereograph or slide 

116 (16737) Steel furnace in Alabama's great iron center, Birming- 

ham, Ala. 

MISSISSIPPI — / stereograph or slide 

117 (9506) Picking cotton on a Mississippi plantation. 

ARKANSAS — 1 stereograph or slide 

118 (16771) Harvesting peanuts, Marianna, Arkansas. 

LOUISIANA — 2 stereographs or slides 
119(12479) Cotton! Cotton! Cotton! Leyee, New Orleans, La. 

120 (16757) In the Mississippi Delta at head of passes, north from 

Pilot's Tower to Cubit's Gap, La. 

OKLAHOMA — / stereograph or slide 

121 (16727) A metropolitan view — Looking north from the Colcord 

Bldg., over the City of Oklahoma, Okla. 

TEXAS — 6 stereographs or slides 

122 (20054) Spindle Top — An important oil region near Beaumont, 

Texas. 



10 



GEOGRAPHICAL CLASSIFICATION 



123 (20354) Crude oil stills and can factory, Port Arthur, Texas. 

124 (9508) Awaiting their turn at the cotton gin, Greenville, Texas. 

125 (20109) Cotton gin, Greenville, Texas. 

126 (16579) General view of the Alamo Plaza, San Antonio, Texas. 

127 (13756) "Making a drive "— on the Paloduro Ranch, Paloduro, 

Texas. 

North Central States 

5P stereographs or slides 
OHIO — 8 stereographs or slides 
(6697) 



128 



A comprehensive view of unloaders at work on the ore 
docks, Conneaut, Ohio. 

129 (6705) A trainload of coal for Lake Superior consumption, Con- 

neaut, Ohio. 

130 (13665) Tapping a sugar-maple tree, Portage County, Ohio. 

131 (22054) Many forms of crude rubber, Akron, Ohio. 

132 (22058) Building up an automobile tire in rubber plant, Akron, 

Ohio. 

133 (22060) An interesting scene in the manufacture of rubber boots 

and shoes, Akron, Ohio. 

134 (22001) Method of placing material in furnace, plate glass works, 

Rossford, Ohio. 

135 (22009) Inspecting plate glass after grinding, Rossford, Ohio. 

INDIANA — 3 stereographs or slides 

136 (16712) Modern methods of corn harvesting — Cutter and binder 

at work on an Indiana farm. 

137 (16755) "When the frost is on the pun'kin and the fodder's in 

the shock " — Indiana. 

138 (21576) A champion team of Percheron draft horses at work on 

an Indiana stock farm. 

ILLINOIS — io stereographs or slides 

139 (2337) In the heart of the great shopping center, State Street, 

Chicago. 

140 (20250) The world's greatest live stock market, Union Stock 

Yards, Chicago, 111. 

141 (20252) The last process in dressing beef — Washing with boiling 

water, Chicago, 111. 

142 (20256) Splitting backbones and final inspection of hogs before 

placing them in the refrigerator rooms, Chicago, 111. 

143 (20257) Trimming and skinning hams before pickling, in prepara- 

tion for the market, Chicago, 111. 

144 (20259) Making link sausages with the aid of machines which 

stuff ten feet per second, Chicago, 111. 

145 (18341) Shearing sheep with power driven shears, Kirkland, 111. 

146 (18335) Marshall Joffre, Viviani, Chocheprat and Fabry — French 

War Commission (1917) — with Gov. Lowden and State 
officials at Tomb of Lincoln, Springfield, 111. 






NORTH CENTRAL STATES 



11 



147 (6399) Loading oats in the field, Illinois. 

148 (20118) Building dikes to protect the city from the flood, East St. 

Louis, 111. 

MICHIGAN — jo stereographs or slides 

149 (16716) Harvesting celery blanched by boards in Michigan's 

famous celery fields, Kalamazoo, Mich. 

150 (22141) Assembling Room — chassis ready for engines — Cadillac 

Automobile Plant, Detroit, Mich. 

151 (22142) Experts testing engines in the Cadillac Automobile Plant, 

Detroit, Mich. 

152 (22143) Employees leaving the Ford Motor Company Factory, 

Detroit, Mich. 

153 (22014) Packing salt into barrels for shipment, St. Clair, Mich. 

154 (16731) Greatest canal traffic in the world — Busy scene in the 

ship canal, Sault Ste. Marie, Mich. 

155 (22037) A mile underground — loading and handling cars with 

copper ore, Calumet-Hecla Mines, Calumet, Mich. 

156 (22044) Pouring molten copper into ingot molds, Calumet-Hecla 

Mills, Lake Linden, Mich. 

157 (22049) Loading 1400 tons of copper on boat, Houghton, Mich. 

158 (11941) "Nursed the little Hiawatha, rocked him in his linden 

cradle." 

WISCONSIN — 3 stereographs or slides 

159 (16709) Group of modern dairy barns and herd of Holstein 

cattle, Lake Mills, Wis. 

160 (16711) Harvesting and loading silage corn in Wisconsin's famous 

dairy region. 

161 (16732) Reclaiming swamp land — digging ditch with tractor and 

laying drain tile, Wis. 

MINNESOTA — 8 stereographs or slides 

162 (20033) A load of logs at the Kettle River Landing, Minnesota 

Pineries. 

163 (6965) Steam shovel at work, showing how track is laid, Burt 

Mine, Mesabi Range, Minn. 

164 (6978) Looking between ore docks No. 2 and No. 3, Two Har- 

bors, Minn. 

165 (16708) Holstein cattle and attractive dairy barns and silos, near 

Moorhead, Minn. 

166 (16725) Potato digging machines at work in the famous potato 

region of the Red River Valley, Moorhead, Minn. 

167 (16703) Scene in the busy northern metropolis, Nicollet Ave., 

Minneapolis, Minn. 

168 (11942) "Brought forth food and set before them, brought them 

water from the brooklet." 

169 (11943) "From the wigwam he departed, leading with him 

Laughing Water." 



12 GEOGRAPHICAL CLASSIFICATION 

IOWA — 4 stereographs or slides 

170 (16700) General view of the great power dam and locks in the 

Mississippi River at Keokuk, Iowa. 

171 (16701) Fifteen large generators in a row, supplied with power 

from the Great Dam at Keokuk, Iowa. 

172 (16715) Hogs in rape pasture, Agricultural Experiment Station, 

Ames, Iowa. 

173 (16719) Choice Shropshire, Oxford and Cotswold sheep in pas- 

ture at Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa. 

MISSOURI — 3 stereographs or slides 

174 (9518) The magnificent Eads Bridge, St. Louis, Mo. 

175 (16714) Busy scene in the Ozark apple region of Missouri — 

Picking, sorting and packing in barrels. 

176 (16704) Shaft house, smelter and tailing pile, zinc and lead mines, 

Joplin, Mo. 

NORTH DAKOTA — I stereograph or slide 

177 (16740) Threshing wheat in the Red River Valley, North Dakota. 

SOUTH DAKOTA — 2 stereographs or slides 

178 (16733) Plowing rich prairie soil with tractor, South Dakota. 

179 (16734) Making a good seed bed. Tractor drawing double disc 

and 3 section tooth harrows, South Dakota. 

NEBRASKA — 3 stereographs or slides 

180 (16735) Manure spreader followed by tractor plowing sod near 

Omaha, Neb. 

181 (16748) Handling alfalfa hay with hay loader on the farm of Wil- 

liam Jennings Bryan, near Lincoln, Neb. 

182 (16718) Mounted Sioux Indians in "full feather" leaving camp, 

Nebraska. 

KANSAS — 4 stereographs or slides 

183 (16736) Thrifty and contented hogs (Poland China) in rich al- 

falfa pasture, Effingham, Kansas. 

184 (20201) Corn field, Kansas. 

185 (16710) Splendid Hereford cattle in Kansas feeding pens, show- 

ing open air feeding shed, Manhattan, Kansas. 

186 (20075) Thrown! Cowboy and horse holding a lassoed cow, 

Kansas. 

Plateau States 

28 stereographs or slides 
MONTANA — 3 stereographs or slides 

187 (13638) Copper smelters and mine, Butte, Mont. — the richest 

mining district in the world. 

188 (13641) Cowboy, bronco corral and camps, banks of the Yellow- 

stone, Montana. 



PLATEAU STATES 



13 



actual snapshot of 



189 (12269) Lordly monarch of western wilds 

wild elk, Montana. 

IDAHO — i stereograph or slide 

190 (6157) Sheep grazing on range, Idaho. 
WYOMING — 7 stereographs or slides 

191 (13579) After winter's first visit — gap of the Golden Gate, Yel- 

lowstone National Park, Wyoming. 

192 (13588) Angel Terrace, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. 

193 (13589) Commotion in the Devil's Ink Pot. A moment of erup- 

tion, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. 

194 (13584) "Old Faithful," queen of geysers, Yellowstone National 

Park, Wyoming. 

195 (13581) Rocky Mountain Divide, Yellowstone National Park. 

196 (13594) A beaver dam, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. 

197 (13577) Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone National Park. 



COLORADO — 8 stereographs or slides 



198 (20213) 

199 (13719) 



200 (2403) 

201 (13717) 

202 (8008) 

203 (8080) 

204 (8082) 

205 (8014) 



Cultivating a field "of beets, near Greeley, Colorado. 

Harvesting barley with combined harvester and thresh- 
ing machine, drawn by tractor near Ft. Collins, Col- 
orado. 

Phoebe's Arch, Palmer Lake, Colorado. 

Pike's Peak from the Garden of the Gods, Colorado. 

In the heart of the Box Canyon, Colorado. 

Stamp mill and gold concentrator, Ouray, Colorado. 

Ute Indian and family, Colorado. 

" Dismantled towers and turrets broken ! " — Gift 
dwellers' palace in the Mesa Verde, Colorado. 



ARIZONA — 5 stereographs or slides 



The famous log bridge spanning a chasm 50 ft. wide, 
Petrified Forest, Arizona. 

Cultivating field of Egyptian long staple cotton with rid- 
ing disc cultivator in Salt River Valley, near Phoenix. 

On the Bright Angel Trail, Grand Canyon of the Col- 
orado, Arizona. 

The effects of irrigation on Arizona desert, giant cactus 
in foreground, Salt River Valley, Arizona. 

Reclaiming vast areas by irrigation — the Great Roosevelt 
Dam near Phoenix, Ariz. 

NEW MEXICO — i stereograph or slide 

211 (13720) As in ancient days, pueblo of the Taos Indians, Taos, 

New Mexico. 

UTAH — 2 stereographs or slides 

212 (2454) Salt Lake City, Utah. 

213 (2459) Ogden and Wasatch Mountains, Utah 



206 (13516) 

207 (13718) 

208 (13660) 

209 (13724) 

210 (16742) 



14 



GEOGRAPHICAL CLASSIFICATION 



NEVADA — i stereograph or slide 
2\A (16759; A silver mining camp nestled in the mountains, Nevada. 

Pacific States 
28 stereographs or slides 

WASHINGTON — 6 stereographs or slides 

215 (20031; Great chained log rafts, containing millions of feet of 

lumber, on the Columbia River, Wash. 

216 (13618) Port Blakely Mills — largest in the world, near Seattle, 

Puget Sound, Wash. 

217 (20027) Shipping lumber, Washington. 

218 (11623) Harvesting in the Great West — combined reaper and 

thresher, Washington. 

219 (14135) Looking down a deep crevasse of Paradise Glacier, sum- 

mit of Mt. Rainier in the distance — Rainier National 
Park, Wash. 

220 1 12203; Second Avenue from Vaster Way, Seattle, Wash. 

OREGON — 7 stereographs or slides 



221 (13635) 

222 (14103) 



223 (6228) 

224 (13567) 

225 (13796) 

226 (13624) 

227 (13625) 



A splendid view of Mt. Hood, Ore. 

Crater Lake, Oregon. When a volcano has been quiet 
for centuries the inside slopes become weathered 
enough to support life and the crater may be filled with 
water and become a lake. 

Line of sand dur.es, Columbia River, Oregon. 

One of the great trees that grow in the rainy north- 
west — showing method of felling, Oregon. 

Hydraulic mining, Oregon. 

First haul of the season — salmon industry, Columbia 
River, Ore. 

Butchering salmon — interior of a canning establishment, 
Astoria, Oregon. 



CALIFORNIA — 15 stereographs or slides 

228 (5022) The Sierras, from Glacier Rock, Yosemite Valley, Cal. 

229 (5006) The Wawona Tree, Mariposa Grove, Yosemite Valley, 

Cal. 

230 (16743) Market St., Twin Peaks in the distance, San Francisco, 

Cal. 

231 (13299) Remarkable earthquake fissure in the Sobrante Hills, near 

Berkeley, Cal. 

232 (16676) The great American bison that once roamed in countless 

thousands over our vast prairies. Cal. 

233 (20215) A combined steam harvester which reaps, threshes and 

sacks the wheat, Cal. 

234 (16744) Harvesting almonds, San Joaquin County. Cal. 

235 (16746) Luther Burbank's spineless cactus, Santa Rosa, Cal. 



OUTLYING PC EONS 



15 



236 (16747) Tokay Grapes — In a California vineyard, Acampo, Cal. 

237 (13723) Irrigating endless aver. range trees, Redla 

Cal. 

238 (4300) Orar.i ms and fruit, Los Angeles, Cal. 

239 I 13528 ) Just out — baby ostriches on the Cawston ostrich farm, 

California. 

240 (13532) Los Angeles pigeon : 

241 (1355: Sa r.ia, 

242 (16667 j Submarir. :.d and battle-ships and tor- 

pedo boats in the background, San Die?o Bay, Cal. 

Outlying Pc u of the 

United States 
ept the Phil: 

stereographs or slides 
ALASKA — 4 stereographs or slides 

243 (9195) Preparing to climb "The Golder 

Trail, Chilkoot 1 :a. 

244 11518) Drying fish on the Yukon River, Alaska, 

--'- (9374) Placer mining near the Yukon Ri :a. 

246 (11530) Gold miners and dog team north of the Arctic Circle, 

Ala 

PANAMA C. Z — io stereographs or slides 

247 20857) Rubber tree, showing scars from cutting — Palm tree 

th palm nuts. Panama. 

248 (20877; Looking down on the City- and Bay of Panama, from 

Ancon Hill, Panama Canal Zone 

249 (13320) Dwellings erected for employees of old French Canal 

Company, Colon, Isthmus of Panama 

250 (20889) Site of the Gatun. Lock, looking south from the 1 

lock towards Lake Gatun — Panama Canal Route. 

251 (21740; Excavations measuring 500 ft deep in Gaillard Cut, 

Panama Canal 

252 [21783 North over Gatun Locks and sea level entrance to Panama 

Canal, Atlantic Ocean in the distance. 
1 ' '21784) South over Gatun Locks and Gatun La :ncy Dam 

in position — a n the Panama Canal. 

l r - '21781) U. S. S : :■-■■ ri— The first battleship to pass from the 

Atlantic to the Pacific through the Panama Canal. 
255 '21786) Hospital grounds and Ancon Hill from Hotel Tivoli, 

Panama 
_ 21787 the Pacific entrance of the Panama Canal — She 

fortified islands, wireless tower and break . 

PORTO RICO — 2 stereographs or slides 
257 (10252 Overlooking the harbor, San Juan, Porto Rico. 
1 :: . 10354 Cutting the sugar cane, Rio Pedro, Porto Rico. 



16 



GEOGRAPHICAL CLASSIFICATION 



HAWAII — 3 stereographs or slides 

259 (10154) Luxuriant vegetation in the Mauna Loa Valley, Hawaii. 

260 (10161) With the flag goes the public school — Royal School, 

Honolulu, Hawaii. 

261 (10156) Pretty hula girls, Honolulu, Hawaii. 

PHILIPPINES — See Asia. 
GUAM — See Asia. 

NORTHERN COUNTRIES OF NORTH AMERICA 
23 stereographs or slides 

CANADA — 17 stereographs or slides 

262 (13895) "In the Acadian Land, on the shores of the Basin of 

Minas." Nova Scotia, Canada. 

263 (13882) Indian basket weaving, Prince Edward Island, Canada. 

264 (13987) View from Dufferin Terrace, Quebec, Canada. 

265 (16061) Iroquois Indians who participated in tercentenary pag- 

eant (1908), Quebec, Can. 

266 (16037) Fifth Royal Highlanders of Montreal in a military 

parade at Quebec. 

267 (10625) The wharves, Montreal, Canada. 

268 (20927) Winding bobbins in linen mill — Linen industry, Canada. 

269 (20932) Weaving the linen fabric — Linen industry, Canada. 

270 (20941) Beets stored in sheds with V-shaped bins having canals 

underneath to carry them to washing drum. 

271 (20944) Beet pulp and juice flowing into large iron tanks, where 

it is subjected to diffusion by water. 

272 (20916) Scraping the hair from the hides roughly by machinery — 

Tanning industry, Canada. 

273 (16316) In the thriving metropolis of Western Canada — Main St., 

Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. 

274 (13830) A treacherous crevasse in Victoria Glacier — Mt. Lefroy 

and Mt. Victoria in distance, Canadian Rockies, 
Canada. 

275 (13802) Among the wonderful ice peaks of the Illecillewaet 

Glacier. 

276 (13806) Mt. Sir Donald, the Matterhorn of the North American 

Alps. 

277 (13837) Western terminus of Canadian Pacific Transcontinental 

R. R., and Burrard Inlet, Vancouver, B. C, Can. 



NEWFOUNDLAND — ^ stereographs or slides 

278 (16320) Harbor of St. John's from the Dry Docks, Newfoundland. 

279 (16318) Eskimo dog team on trail, Hopedale, Labrador. 



SOUTHERN COUNTRIES OF N. A. 



17 



SOUTHERN COUNTRIES OF NORTH AMERICA 

24 stereographs or slides 
MEXICO — 11 stereographs or slides 

280 (10800) Mexico's principal harbor, Vera Cruz. 

281 (10809) Home of the peon — the adobe hut, City of Mexico. 

282 (10803) City of Mexico, the ancient Tenochtitlan of the Aztecs. 

283 (10910) Soldiers' Monument and Castle of Chapultepec, City of 

Mexico. 

284 (10925) Pyramid of Sun, from Pyramid of the Moon, San Juan 

Teotihuacan. 

285 (10926) Filling pig skins with juice from maguey plant used in 

making pulque, the native drink, Tacuba, Mexico. 

286 (10888) Carding room, cotton mills, Orizaba, Mexico. 

287 (16106) Rich Gold and Silver Mining Center, El Oro, State of 

Mexico, Mexico. 

288 (10865) The sacred shrine on Cholula Pyramid, and "Old Popo- 

catapetl," Cholula, Mexico. 

289 (16100) Henequen, the wealth of Yucatan, from which sisal hemp 

fibre is produced, Mexico. 

290 (17787) Mexican musicians and dancing girls in national costume. 

Central America 
5 stereographs or slides 
GUATEMALA — 1 stereograph or slide 

291 (12872) Escuintla and the twin volcanoes Fuego and Acatenango, 

Guatemala, C. A. 

SALVADOR — 1 stereograph or slide 

292 (12860) Tortilla making, Salvador, C. A. 

NICARAGUA — 1 stereograph or slide 

293 (12991) Lake Nicaragua, on Nicaragua canal route, controlled by 

the U. S., Nicaragua, C. A. 

COSTA RICA — 1 stereograph or slide 

294 (12804) Harvesting bananas, Costa Rica, C. A. 

West Indies 

10 stereographs or slides 

5 stereographs or slides 

Unloading coffee from Porto 



CUBA- 

295 (20518) 

296 (9078) 

297 (10236) 

298 (9072) 



Havana Wharf, Cuba 

Rico. 
General view of the wrecked battleshio Maine. 
Cutting tobacco grown in the shade of banana trees 

Province of Havana, Cuba. 
Farming scene, Province of Havana, Cuba. 



i8 GEOGRAPHICAL CLASSIFICATION 

299 (9415) Santiago and the harbor, Cuba. 

300 See Guadeloupe, below No. 302. 

JAMAICA — i stereograph or slide 

301 (9991) A cattle ranch in Jamaica, B. W. I. 

GUADELOUPE — j stereograph or slide 

302 (14439) Coffee pickers at work, Guadeloupe, F. W. I. 
300 (14437) Mighty earthquake fissure, Guadeloupe, F. W. I. 

DOMINICA — i stereograph or slide 

303 (14455) The eccentric growth of cacao pods, Dominica, B. W. I. 

SOUTH AMERICA 

38 stereographs or slides 
BRAZIL — 8 stereographs or slides 

304 (20838) Lower city and harbor, Bahia, Brazil. 

305 (21822) Avenida Rio Branco from Hotel Avenida on a holiday, 

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 

306 (21821) Children of illustrious Brazilian families in an American 

private school, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 

307 (21851) Tropical view down the slope of Santa Theresa toward 

the harbor, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 

308 (21847) Scene in Rua 15th of November, the principal street, 

Sao Paulo, Brazil. 

309 (21848) Municipal Theatre, one of the handsomest play houses 

in the world, Sao Paulo, Brazil. 

310 (20817) Method of drying coffee, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. 

311 (20816) Carts loaded with coffee leaving the plantation, State 

of Sao Paulo, Brazil. 

URUGUAY — 2 stereographs or slides 

312 (20829) Plaza Independencia showing " Portales," Montevideo, 

Uruguay. 

313 (20827) Great dredge by which the harbor is made navigable, 

Montevideo, Uruguay. 

ARGENTINA — 8 stereographs or slides 

314 (20824) Entrance to the harbor, Buenos Aires, Argentina. 

315 (20840) The Government buildings from the balcony of the 

Bourse. 

316 (21809) Four o'clock parade of society in Palermo, a suburb of 

Buenos Aires, Argentina. 

317 (20844) Argentina's famous cattle on range, La Plata, Argentina, 

So. Am. 

318 (21875) Majestic Iguazu Falls, Argentina. 



SOUTH AMERICA 



19 



319 (21818) Italian settler and family, vineyards in background, Men- 
doza, Argentina. 

.'.20 (20850) Two typical means of transportation — the high cart and 
the g ; g — Alta Gracia, Argentina. 

j21 (21817) Along the Mendoza River in the Andean Foothills, Ar- 
gentina. 

CHILE — 7 stereographs or slides 

322 (21861) Charming Inca Lake (Laguna del Inca) nestling in the 

Chilean Andes. 

323 (21860) Station from which the train climbs 5000 feet in a few 

miles to the summit, Juncal, Chile. 

324 (21843) Cathedral and Plaza, Chilean woman in native dress, 

Sant'igo, Chile. 

325 (22369) Nitrate for agriculture and for war being sacked by 

natives for shipment, Chile. 

326 (21865) The hprbor and city, Valparaiso, Chile. 

327 (21836) Goods arriving at docks for shipment, Valparaiso, Chile. 

328 (21874) Indians on the Strait of Magellan near Punta Arenas, 

Chile. 

PERU — 6 stereographs or slides 

329 (21867) Across the Plaza in Arequipa to the famous volcano, 

Mome Misti, Peru. 

330 (21811) In the heart of the rugged Cordilleras Mountains, the 

Cofa Bridge on the Oroya Railway, Peru. 

331 (21871) Natives near wall of Incan Palace — most remarkable 

monument of ancient Peru, Cuzco. 

332 (21869) Tractor with cable drawing harrow and pulverizer to pre- 

pare soil for planting sugar cane, Lima, Peru. 

333 (21868) Replanting the sugar cane in a large hacienda near Lima, 

Peru. 

334 (21870) Refining silver in smelter at the famous mining center of 

Cerro de Pasco, Peru. 

BOLIVIA — i stereograph or slide 

335 (21866) Famous Copacabana Church near Lake Titicaca in Bolivia, 

llama in foreground. 

ECUADOR — i stereograph or slide 

336 (21872) Charming Spanish maiden on balcony, Guayaquil, 

Ecuador. 

COLOMBIA — i stereograph or slide 

337 (21873) Quaint scene in streets of Barranquilla, Colombia. 

VENEZUELA — 4 stereographs or slides 

338 (13314) La Gua;ra, Venezuela, showing fort bombarded by the 

British in 1902. 



20 



GEOGRAPHICAL CLASSIFICATION 



339 (13315) In the narrow streets of La Guaira, Venezuela — native 

method of distributing milk unadulterated. 

340 (13307) National University and Halls of Congress, Caracas, 

Venezuela. 

341 (13309) The city baker making his daily rounds, Caracas, Vene- 

zuela. 



POLAR REGIONS 

(Except Alaska and Norway) 
5 stereographs or slides 
ARCTIC — 2 stereographs or slides 

342 (13325) The twin ships, Windward and Eric — Peary expedition 

in 1901 — at Nuerke, 800 miles from North Pole, 
Greenland. 

343 (13329) Eskimo girls and part of Crew S. S. Eric — at Upernavik, 

northernmost Danish trading post, Greenland. 

(See also 246 Alaska and 413, 414 and 415 Norway) 

ANTARCTIC — 3 stereographs or slides 

344 (13326) Hauling snow for water supply. Belgica Antartic ex- 

pedition. (1897-99.) 

345 (13328) Commander Adrien de Gerlache, leader of the Belgica 

expedition. (1897-99) on skis hunting seals on South 
Polar Pack. 

346 (13327) Roald Amundsen, discoverer of the South Pole, inspect- 

ing ice field near glacier, Antarctic Ocean. 

EUROPE 

142 stereographs or slides 

Great Britain 

36 stereographs or slides 
ENGLAND — 16 stereographs or slides 

Landing Stage, Liverpool, England. 

London Bridge over the Thames River, England. 

Tower of London, London, England. 

Westminster Abbey, London, England. 

The Bank of England, London, England. 

The House of Lords, London, England. 

The regulator of the world's clocks, Greenwich, England. 

Birthplace of William Shakespeare, Stratford-on-Avon, 

England. 
Anne Hathaway's Cottage, Shottery, England. 
Shakespeare's Memorial Theater, Stratford-on-Avon, 

England. 
Harvesting wheat in Old England. 



347 


(3028) 


348 


(2101) 


349 


(2111) 


350 


(3002) 


351 


(3004) 


352 


(11301) 


353 


(6146) 


354 


(3009) 


355 


(3012) 


356 


(3010) 


357 (13149) 



GREAT BRITAIN — GERMAN EMPIRE 



21 



358 (21561) Whitefaced Herefords — an English breed of beef cattle 

of worldwide fame. 

359 (21200) A nightingale on its sheltered nest. 

360 (3015) York and its Cathedral, England. 

361 (13120) Lake Grasmere and Village from Red Bank, Lake Dis- 

trict, England. 

362 (13123) Rydal Mount, home of Poet Wordsworth, Lake District, 

England. 

WALES — J stereograph or slide 

363 (2702) Fairy Glen, Bettws-y-Coed, Wales. 

CHANNEL ISLANDS— J stereograph or slide 

364 (21522) Jersey cattle", the most famous product of the Island of 

Jersey, Channel Islands. 

SCOTLAND — 9 stereographs or slides 

365 (2610) Princess Street and Waverly Gardens, Edinburgh, Scot- 

land. 
Highlanders in native costume at the great Forth Bridge, 

one and one-half miles long, spanning the Firth of 

Forth, Queensferry, Scotland. 
Historic Stirling Castle, Scotland. 
Wallace Monument, the national memorial to Scotland's 

daring chieftain, Stirling, Scotland. 
Ellen's Isle, Loch Katrine, Scotland. 
Aberdeen Angus, a noted breed of beef cattle developed 

in Scotland. 
A beautiful and productive type of dairy cattle (Ayr- 
shire) originating in County Ayr, Scotland. 
Burns' cottage, room where the poet was born, Ayr, 

Scotland. 
A highland home, Scotland. 



366 (12711) 



367 (12703) 

368 (12704) 

369 (2607) 

370 (21501) 

371 (21502) 

372 (12700) 



373 (12702) 

IRELAND — 9 stereographs or slides 

374 (2517) Queenstown Harbor, Ireland. 

375 (12619) Street market in Cork, Ireland. 

376 (2503) Blarney Castle, Ireland. 

377 (2500) Lakes of Killarney, Ireland. 

378 (6110) Peat from Irish bogs, High Street, Killarney, Ireland. 

379 (12600) Suspension bridge, Kenmare, Ireland. 

380 (2504) Sackville Street, Dublin, Ireland. 

381 (2508) Royal Avenue, Belfast, Ireland. 

382 (6854) Giant's Causeway, side view of basaltic columns, Ireland. 

GERMAN EMPIRE — n stereographs or slides 

383 (6131) The Reichstags-Gebaude, Berlin, Germany. 

384 (10303) Royal Palace, Berlin, Germany. 



22 



GEOGRAPHICAL CLASSIFICATION 



385 (10378) An open air china market, Coblenz, Germany. 

386 (2011) Hamburg from across the Elbe, Germany. 

387 (10336) Market place and cathedral, Nuremburg, Germany. 

388 (10376) Making hay in the highlands of Bavaria, Germany. 

389 See France after No. 426. 

390 (10352) Toiling in the vineyards — picking the luscious grapes, 

Rudesheim, Germany. 

391 (10377) The Rhine Valley at Bingen, Germany. 

392 (10339) The great bridge over the Rhine at Bonn, Germany. 

393 (2002) Market, Cologne, Germany. 

394 (18000) Zeppelin flying over a German town — Lower valley of 

the Rhine. 



BELGIUM — 4 stereographs or slides . 

395 (6121) In the vegetable market, Brussels, Belgium. 

396 (2084) Milk cart, Antwerp, Belgium. 

397 (10115) River Meuse and Pare de la Citadel, Namur, Belgium. 

398 (21577) Belgian draft horses — A world champion in foreground. 

HOLLAND — 5 stereographs or slides 

399 (12202) The New Market and canal, Amsterdam, Holland. 

400 (12203) On the Leuvehaven, Rotterdam, Holland. 

401 (6436) A Dutch fishing village, Island of Marken, Zuider Zee, 

Holland. 

402 (6435) Quaint street in Marken near Amsterdam, Holland. 

403 '(12201) Dutch farm hands milking Holstein-Friesian cattle near 
Rotterdam, Holland. 

DENMARK — 3 stereographs or slides 

404 (13080) Queen Louise Bridge, Copenhagen, Denmark. 

405 (13082) A busy market square, Copenhagen, Denmark. 

406 (13077) The Krystal-Gade and the Round Tower, Copenhagen, 

Denmark. 

NORWAY — 9 stereographs or slide's 

407 (13414) The Lotefos, Norway's most famous waterfall. 

408 (13408) In the fair and fertile Jordal Valley — Buerbrae Glacier 

in distance, Norway. 

409 (13496) Carding, and spinning wool — Snow capped Mt. Boerte- 

nose in the background, Telemarken, Norway. 

410 (13420) Making the "flat bread" of the Norwegian peasant, Nor- 

way. 

411 (13422) Milking the goats, Hardanger Fjord, Norway. 

412 (13467) Grindstones which convert the blocks into wood pulp, 

Paper Mills, Skotifos, Norway. 

413 (15770) Laplanders milking the reindeer, Norway. 

414 (15774) Midnight sun, North Cape, Lapland. 

415 (15768) Floating whale station, Spitzenbergen, Lapland. 



SWEDEN — FRANCE — SPAIN 



23 



SWEDEN — 5 stereographs or slides 

416 (13000) General view of Stockholm, Sweden. 

417 (13003) The Council Room, Royal Palace, Stockholm, Sweden. 

418 (13015) Dalecarlian girls at home, Skansen, Stockholm, Sweden. 

419 (13017) Women weeding a field of sugar beets, Sweden. 

420 (13029) Custom-house scene and harbor of the enterprising city of 

Goteborg, Sweden. 

FRANCE — 12 stereographs or slides 

421 (11741) Bird's-eye view of Paris from the Arch of Triumph, 



France. 
Avenue des Champs Elysees, Paris, France. 
Flower market on St. Michael's Bridge at 6 o'clock a. m., 

Paris, France. 
The Grand Opera, Paris, France. 
Notre Dame, Paris, France. 
Where American troops helped turn the tide of the 

World's War, Chateau-Thierry, France. 
Kleber Place, in the heart of Strassburg, France. 
Glacier des Bossons, Chamonix, France. 
Mer de Glace (sea of ice), from the Montanvert, 

Chamonix, France. 
The Cathedral, near busy docks, Marseilles, France. 
A seaside paradise — Cannes, France. 
Women washing clothes, Nice, France. 



422 (1641) 

423 (11787) 

424 (1603) 

425 (3104) 

426 (18716) 

391 (10371) 

427 (10732) 

428 (10734) 

429 (6102) 

430 (11760) 

431 (11766) 

MONACO — i stereograph or slide 

432 (11754) Monaco — The Prince's Castle in view. 

SPAIN 

433 (15808) 



-7 stereographs or slides 

Commodious harbor of Barcelona, looking towards the 

Columbus Monument and custom-house, Spain. 
General view of Burgos, Spain. 
Panorama of Madrid, showing fete celebration in the 

foreground, Spain. 
Alhambra Palace, Granada, Spain. 
Picking Valencia oranges, near Valencia, Spain. 
Andalusian carts coming into town, Almeria, Spain. 
Rock of Gibraltar, England's only possession on mainland 

of Europe. 

SWITZERLAND — io stereographs or slides 
440 (10770) To the clouds by rail — Mt. Pilatus, Switzerland. 

Braving Alpine perils — on the top of Mt. Pilatus over- 
looking a sea of clouds, Switzerland. 
The Kapellbrucke crossing the River Reuss, Lucerne, 

Switzerland. 
The Wood Carver, Meiringen, Switzerland. 
Lauterbrunnen Valley and the lovely fall of the Staubbach, 
Switzerland. 



434 (15814) 

435 (15800) 

436 (967) 

437 (15834) 

438 (15828) 

439 (966) 



441 (10798) 

442 (10781) 

443 (6130) 

444 (10750) 



24 GEOGRAPHICAL CLASSIFICATION 

445 (10702) A mountain chalet, Grindelwald, Switzerland. 

446 (10703) Blowing the alpine horn, Grindelwald, Switzerland. 

447 (10705) Grindelwald on market day, Switzerland. 

448 (10765) Looking at the Matterhorn from Riffelburg Hotel, 

Switzerland. 

449 (10793) Goods for the High Alps, near Zermatt, Switzerland. 

ITALY — io stereographs or slides 

450 (1901) Rome, the Eternal City, from the balcony of St. Peter's, 

Italy. 

451 (11200) The Tiber, Castle of San Angelo, and St. Peter's Cathe- 

dral, Rome, Italy. 

452 (11234) Colosseum, the "King of Ruins," Rome, Italy. 

453 (7283) Mount Vesuvius seen from the ruins of Herculaneum, 

Italy. 

454 (1972) A Neapolitan team, Naples, Italy. 

455 (16830) Street scene in tenement district, Palermo, Sicily. 

456 (1952) Vecchio bridge across the River Arno, Florence, Italy. 

457 (6482) Grand Canal, Venice, Italy. 

458 (1941) The Cathedral, Milan, Italy. 

459 (7282) Lake Como and Village, Italy. 

AUSTRIA — 3 stereographs or slides 

460 (15614) Marie Theresa Platz, Innsbruck, Austria. 

461 (15610) Public Square, looking toward Schlossberg, Gratz, Aus- 

tria. 

462 (15607) Along the Danube Canal in the very heart of Vienna, 

Austria. 

CZECHO-SLOVAKIA — i stereograph or slide 

463 (15668) Historic Carlstein Castle near Prague, Bohemia. 
HUNGARY — i stereograph or slide 

464 (15656) One of Europe's famous avenues, Andrassy Strasse, 

Budapest, Hungary. 

465 See Poland. 

JUGO-SLAVIA — 2 stereographs or slides 

466 (15611) Natives in market place, Serajevo, Bosnia. 

467 (17200) View of junction of Save River with the Danube-Hun- 

garian city of Semlin in distance at the right — from 
heights of Belgrade, Serbia. 

BULGARIA — 2 stereographs or slides 

468 (17207) Street scene showing peasant woman and sidewalk coffee 

house, Sofia, Bulgaria. 

469 (17218) Native market scene, Ruschuk, Bulgaria. 

ROUMANIA — 2 stereographs or slides 

470 (17200) The great railway bridge over the Danube River at 

Cerna-Voda, Roumania. 



TURKEY — TURKEY IN ASIA 25 

471 (15658) Roumanian mother and children, on the bank of the 

Danube, Roumania. 

TURKEY — 3 stereographs or slides 

472 (10953) The famous Galata Bridge and the Golden Horn, Con- 

stantinople, Turkey. 
743 (10977) Mosque of St. Sophia, Constantinople, Turkey. 

474 (7178) Street scene in Constantinople, Turkey. 

GREECE — 6 stereographs or slides 

475 (964) Athens and Acropolis, Greece. 

476 (7127) The Royal Palace, soldiers in national dress, Athens, 

Greece. 

477 (7134) Excavators at work, Old Corinth, Greece. 

478 (7155) Ruins of Temple of Zeus, Olympia, Greece. 

479 (7170) Treading out the grain, threshing as in olden days, 

Greece. 

480 (7171) Shepherds and their flocks on the Argive Plain, Greece. 

FINLAND — I stereograph or slide 

481 (6652) Fish wives of Finland — a busy scene on the quay. 

RUSSIA AND THE UKRAINE — 6 stereographs or slides 

482 (6656) Senate and the Academy on the Vasili Island, Petrograd, 

Russia. 

483 (6549) The Kremlin, Moscow, Russia. 

484 (6644) The great bell market at the Fair, Nizhni Novgorod, 

485 See Poland. 

486 (18104) The Krestchatik, the principal street of Kief, one of the 

famous old cities of Ukraine. 

487 (18103) Quaint dairy maids delivering milk in earthenware jars 

suspended on poles, Kief, Ukraine. 

488 (18101) Plowing with a primitive native plow — How the Rus- 

sian peasant tills his leased fields. 

POLAND — 2 stereographs or slides 
465 (15609) Polish school children, Zakopane, Galicia. 
4S5 (20462) Hat and clothes market, Jewish quarter, Warsaw. 

ASIA 

6/ stereographs or slides 

ASIA MINOR — 3 stereographs or slides 

489 (10969) Looking up the Bosporus toward the Black Sea from the 

heights above Scutari, Asia Minor. 

490 (10975) Circassian native types of Asia Minor. 

491 (11156) City blacksmith shoeing buffalo on streets of Tarsus, 

Asia Minor. 



26 GEOGRAPHICAL CLASSIFICATION 

SYRIA — 3 stereographs or slides 

492 (11151) Bird's-eye view of Beirut, Syria. 

493 (7323) Over the roofs, " the street called Straight," Damascus, 

Syria. 

494 (20703) A Sheik and his bodyguard, Syria. 

PALESTINE — 4 stereographs or slides 

495 (7304) View of Jerusalem, from Mount of Olives, Palestine. 

496 (7306) Russian pilgrims returning from the Jordan, on the 

Jericho road, Palestine. 

497 (11071) The threshing floor of Nazareth, Palestine. 

498 (11058) Native women grinding wheat, Palestine. 

Indian Empire 

12 stereographs or slides 
INDIA PROPER — jo stereographs or slides 

499 (12501) Madras and harbor, India. 

500 (12564) The Howrah Bridge over the Hooghly River in Delta oi 

the Ganges, Calcutta, India. 

501 (12567) Pilgrims bathing in the sacred Ganges before the temple 

in Benares, the religious center of India. 

502 (12531) The Taj Mahal, Agra, India. 

503 (12558) Moslem multitudes leaving the Jumma Mosque, Delhi, 

India. 

504 (12560) Abundant and marvelous life of India thronging the 

spacious thoroughfare, Jaipur, India. 

505 (12554) Stately elephants on parade, Jaipur, India. 

506 (12565) Spinning and weaving woolen shawls, Srinagar, Kashmir. 

507 (12563) Inflated bullock skins for ferry boats on Sutlej River in 

the Punjab, India. 

508 (12561) "The Roof of the World"— The majestic Himalayas 

rising in matchless splendor above the sea of clouds, 
Darjeeling, Northern India. 

BURMA — i stereograph or slide 

509 (12553) Giant beasts of burden, patient elephants hauling logs 

from the Salwin River, Maulmain, Burma. 

SIAM — i stereograph or slide 

510 (23500) Royal elephant hunt, Siam. 
CEYLON — 2 stereographs or slides 

511 (12101) Colombo Harbor from the landing jetty, Ceylon. 

512 (12566) Grinding gems, garnets, rubies, sapphires and moonstones, 

Ratnapora, Ceylon. 

CHINA AND MANCHURIA — 12 stereographs or slides 

513 (12052) "Queen's Road," the business thoroughfare in Hong- 

kong, China. 



JAPANESE EMPIRE 



27 



514 (14559) On the river, Canton, China. 

515 (12079) The Yangtze River Valley at Chinkiang, China. 

516 (12076) The Chinese substitute for horse power — manipulating 

a huge stone roller on the streets of Nanking, China. 

517 (14554) China's great river Yangtze, showing Hankow from 

Wuchang, China. 

518 (14558) Train of Bactrian camels, Peking, China. 

519 (14557) An open air restaurant, Peking, China. 

520 (12007) Chinese school children and teacher at the American 

Board of Missions, Peking, China. 

521 (14517) Store of rich Chinese tea merchant, Chifu, North China. 

522 (6631) Chinese farmer boys tilling the soil, near Port Arthur. 

523 (6571) Chinamen sawing timbers for the Japanese Army, Man- 

churia. 

524 (14555) Caravan passing through an ancient gateway in the Great 

Wall at the head of the Nankow Pass, North China. 



Japanese Empire 

19 stereographs or slides 

JAPAN PROPER — 17 stereographs or slides 

525 (14812) The Sacred Mountain of Fuji-Yama, Japan. 

526 (14032) Tokyo, the Japanese Capital. 

527 (14791) Threshing rice by pulling the grains from the stem, Japan. 

528 (14730) Rice planters at work, Japan. 

529 (14789) Rice harvest — Cutting the straw close to the ground with 

a sickle, Japan. 

530 (14739) A country girl of Old Japan — Among the famous tea 

fields of Shizuoka, Japan. 

531 (14845) Drying sardines on the beach, Beppu, Japan. 

532 (14058) All sorts and sizes — A Japanese shoe shop. 

533 (14727) Interior of a Japanese home — showing method of sleep- 

ing. 

534 (14045) In the "Land of Flowers," a tea house in Japan. 

535 (14047) An idyllic spot where little Japanese maids delight to 

stroll. 

536 (14746) Silk worm incubator, Japan. 

537 (14744) Gathering mulberry leaves for the silk worms, Japan. 

538 (14748) Feeding mulberry leaves to the voracious young silk 

worms, Japan. 

539 (14750) Silkworm cocoons in their nests, Kiryu, Japan. 

540 (14753) Reeling silk from cocoons, Kiryu, Japan. 

541 (14757) One of Japan's largest modern silk weaving plants — 

American machinery and American methods, Kiryu, 
Japan. 



28 



GEOGRAPHICAL CLASSIFICATION 



CHOSEN (KOREA) — 2 stereographs or slides 

542 (14076) White-robed pottery peddlers on the streets of Seoul, 

Chosen (Korea). 

543 (20601) Charcoal carriers, Chosen (Korea). 

SIBERIA — 1 stereograph or slide 

544 (14519) Boarding the train at Kansk, Siberia. 

East Indies 
jo stereographs or slides 
JAVA — 1 stereograph or slide 

545 (16400) One of the great active volcanoes of Java. 

PHILIPPINES — 8 stereographs or slides 

546 (10085) " Cascos," the floating homes of many thousands — house 

boats on the Pasig River, Manila, Island of Luzon, P. I. 

547 (10058) Calle Real, principal street of Walled City, Manila from 

top of Parian Gate, Island of Luzon, P. I. 

548 (10056) Cattle used as pack animals and for riding — Mayon in 

the background, Island of Luzon, P. I. 

549 (10064) Filipino farmers harrowing rice fields near Manila, P. I. 

550 (10070) Hulling rice for breakfast — Island of Luzon, P. I. 

551 (10074) Husking coconuts — a familiar scene in the great coconut 

country near Pagsanjan, Island of Luzon, P. I. 

552 (10035) Manila hemp industry — stripping the tree, Philippines. 

553 (10047) Manila hemp industry — interior of a native rope factory, 

Philippines. 

GUAM — 1 stereograph or slide 

554 (16401) Mission Home Grounds, Island of Guam. 



AFRICA 

30 stereographs or slides 
MOROCCO — 1 stereograph or slide 

555 (17130) Teeming Arab life in the market place, Tangier, Morocco. 

ALGIERS — J stereograph or slide 

556 (17000) Harbor of Algiers, Algeria. 

TUNIS — 1 stereograph or slide 

557 (17131) Outside the fine old gate, Bab-el-Hathera, in the walls of 

Tunis, Tunis. 

EGYPT — 12 stereographs or slides 

558 (9820) Bird's-eye view of Alexandria from British fort, Komed 

Dimas, Egypt. 



BRITISH E. AFRICA — UNION OF S. AFRICA 29 

559 (17020) The Suez Canal from a German liner, looking north, 

Africa. 

560 (9749) The great Nile Bridge, Cairo, Egypt. 

561 (9774) Tilling the soil as in ancient days, Egypt. 

562 (9759) Threshing beans in the field, Egypt. 

563 (6233) Native boys spinning cotton, Egypt. 

564 (9812) Inundation of the Nile, Egypt. 

565 (9781) The Sphinx and Second Pyramid, Egypt. 

566 (9771) Ancient and modern Egypt, Sakkara. 

567 (9843) Caravan leaving oasis in the desert of Egypt. 

568 (9737) Ruins of Karnak, Egypt. 

569 (6242) The great dam, Assuan, Egypt. 

BRITISH EAST AFRICA — 4 stereographs or slides 

570 (17033) Peeling bark for making bark cloth, Uganda, Africa. 

571 (17034) Sisal hemp plantation in blossom, Uganda, Africa. 

572 (17011) The native market at Port Florence, Lake Victoria 

Nyanza, Africa. 

573 (17005) Shipping ivory at Mombasa, Africa. 

GERMAN EAST AFRICA — 1 stereograph or slide 

574 (17018) Dar-es-Salaam, the chief city and port of German East 

Africa. 

RHODESIA — 4 stereographs or slides 

575 (17023) Scene above bridge on the Cape to Cairo Railway, over 

Zambezi River, near Victoria Falls, Africa. 

576 (17004) Victoria Falls on the Zambezi River, Rhodesia, Africa. 

577 (17012) Result of a morning's hippopotamus hunt on Mlembo 

River, Rhodesia, Africa. 

578 (17015) Returning with trophies from a big game hunt, Rhodesia, 

Africa. 



UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA — 6 stereographs or slides 

579 (11979) Gold quartz mining, 10th level, 1,200 feet underground, 

Robinson Mine, Johannesburg, South Africa. 

580 (11881) Imperial Army transports crossing the Vaal River at 

Viljoen's Drift, South Africa. 

581 (17026) Taking out the " diamantiferous blue earth" at Wessel- 

ton Diamond Mines, Kimberley, South Africa. 

582 (17008) City Hall from parade ground, showing Table Moun- 

tain, Cape Town, South Africa. 

583 (11994) Millions of South African gannets, near Cape Town, 

South Africa. 

584 (17014) Penguins on Dassen Island near Cape Town, South 

Africa. 



30 GEOGRAPHICAL CLASSIFICATION 

AUSTRALIA AND ISLANDS 

8 stereographs or slides 
NEW SOUTH WALES — i stereograph or slide 

585 (15962) Review of the troops, Centennial Park, Sydney, N. S. W. 

VICTORIA — 2 stereographs or slides 

586 (15987) Giant Eucalyptus or Gum Trees, 400 feet high, Victoria. 

587 (15908) Federal Parliament Building, Melbourne, Victoria. 

SOUTH AUSTRALIA — i stereograph or slide 

588 (15902) Kangaroo in the zoological garden, Adelaide, South 

Australia. 

QUEENSLAND — / stereograph or slide 

589 (15986) Sheep on the range, Australia. 

• TASMANIA — i stereograph or slide 

590 (15903) Elizabeth Street and the Union Bank of Australia, Ho- 

bart, Tasmania. 

NEW ZEALAND — i stereograph or slide 

591 (15978) Looking across Auckland Harbor towards Auckland from 

Northcote, New Zealand. 

NEW GUINEA — J stereograph or slide 

592 (15985) In a Papuan village, New Guinea. 

EARTH NEIGHBORS * 

8 stereographs or slides 

593 (16764) The Sun photographed through forty-inch telescope. 

Yerkes Observatory. 

594 (16648) The full Moon. Yerkes Observatory. 

595 (16646) Moon at age of seventeen days. Yerkes Observatory. 

596 (16766) The planet Mars. Yerkes Observatory. 

597 (16767) The planet Saturn. Solar Observatory, at Mt. Wilson, 

Cal. 

598 (16765) The planet Uranus and two of its moons. Yerkes Ob- 

servatory. 

599 (16647) Meteor in constellation of Orion. Yerkes Observatory. 

600 (16645) Morehouse's Comet. Yerkes Observatory. 



3. PRODUCTION AND MANU- 
FACTURING 

INDUSTRIAL GEOGRAPHY 
By CHARLES REDWAY DRYER, MA., M.D. 

GEOGRAPHER, FORT WAYNE, IND. 

This is an industrial age. In recent years, there has been 
a rapid growth in our industrial resources and equipment. 
There has been a marked movement of our population to the 
larger centers where manufacturing on a large scale has be- 
come the rule. Our inventive skill and our genius for or- 
ganization have produced great factories equipped with labor 
saving machinery, handled by skilled workers. Under such 
conditions, production has gone forward at a rapid rate. 
The Great World War has put this vast productive system 
to the strongest test. It also has served to emphasize most 
clearly agriculture, which is not only our greatest industry, 
but also supplies the material for many other industries. 

This set of stereographs and lantern slides contains a very 
considerable range of material dealing with industries. In 
this classification, we are treating Industrial Geography as 
dealing with Production and Manufacturing, leaving for the 
classifications on Commercial Geography to present the 
Transportation and Marketing of products. 

The instructor may wish to present the question of produc- 
tion and manufacturing by the consideration of a given in- 
dustry as a whole. This plan is followed in Part I. Again 
he may wish to deal with industrial material upon the basis of 
the processes concerned. For such a classification see Part 
II. 



45 



46 PRODUCTION AND MANUFACTURING 

Part I 

A. FOOD PRODUCTS 

1. VEGETABLE PRODUCTS AND THEIR MANUFACTURE 

(a) GRAINS 

Corn 

180 Fertilizing and plowing corn field. 
184 Field of corn, the king of cereals. 

136 Modern method corn harvesting. 

137 Corn cut by hand. 

160 Harvesting and loading silage corn. 

165 Silo which enables the dairyman to feed milk-producing green 

fodder throughout the winter. 
292 Primitive way of preparing corn for the table. 
341 Primitive way of selling bread, Caracas, Venezuela. 

Wheat 

Modern Methods 

178 Plowing for wheat with tractor. 

179 Making a good seed bed for wheat with tractor. 
357 Usual way of cutting wheat with binder. 

177 Threshing wheat with modern equipment. 

233 Steam reaper and thresher. 

218 Combined reaper and thresher using horse power. 

154 " Soo " Canal, through which millions of bushels of wheat pass 

in ship loads on way to eastern elevators and shipping points. 
•48 Grain ships unloading at elevators, Buffalo. 

Primitive Methods 

488 Russian peasant plowing with primitive plow. 

561 Plowing as in ancient days, Egypt. 

522 Plowing in China. 

527 Ancient mode of threshing in Japan. 

479 Threshing as in olden days, Greece. 

497 Threshing floor of Nazareth, Palestine. 

498 Native women grinding wheat, Palestine. 

Barley 

199 Harvesting barley by modern methods. 
410 Making the barley " flat bread," Norway. 
566 Barley field, Egypt. 

Oats 
147 Loading oats in the field. 
4Q8 Small field of oats, Norway, 



GRAINS — VEGETABLES — SUGAR 47 

Rice 

105 Hoeing rice, South Carolina. 

104 Irrigating rice field, South Carolina 

549 Filipino harrowing rice field. 

550 Filipino women hulling rice for breakfast. 

528 Rice planters at work, Japan. 
527 Thresliing rice, Japan. 

530 Rice on the lowlands, tea on the uplands, Japan. 

529 Harvesting rice, also showing rice straw hat, Japan. 
See Paper in this classification for use of rice straw. 

(b) VEGETABLES 

Potatoes 

47 Potatoes growing on a truck farm. 
166 Modern potato digging machines, Minn. 

Beans 

562 Threshing beans in the field, Egypt. 

Onions, Cabbage 

375 Vegetables and eggs for sale, Cork, Ireland. 

469 Onions and cabbage for sale in a Bulgarian market. 

Pumpkins 

137 Pumpkins on an Indiana farm. 

(c) SUGAR 

Beet 

419 Women weeding field of beets in Sweden. 
198 Cultivating a field of sugar beets. 

270 Beets stored to make into sugar. 

271 Beet pulp and juice in sugar factory. 

35 Granulated sugar is made from either beet or cane. 

Cane 

332 Tractor preparing soil for planting sugar cane, Peru. 

333 Replanting sugar cane near Lima, Peru. 

258 Cutting the sugar cane, Rio Pedro, Porto Rico. 
35 Granulated sugar is made from either beet or cane. 
34 Conveyor with trays of loaf sugar received from drying kiln, 
New York. 

Maple 

130 Tapping a sugar maple tree; showing gathering tank for the sap 
and house where sap is evaporated and maple syrup and sugar 
are made. 



48 PRODUCTION AND MANUFACTURING 



(d) FRUITS 

Bananas 

294 Harvesting bananas, Costa Rica. 

259 Banana tree used for ornamentation, Hawaii. 

297 The banana planted for shade in a tobacco plantation, Cuba. 

302 The banana planted for shade in a coffee plantation, Guadeloupe, 

F. W. I. 
570, 575 The banana in Africa. 

Oranges 

237 Orange groves near Redlands, California. 

238 Orange blossoms and fruit, California. 

437 Picking Valencia oranges near Valencia, Spain. 

Pineapples 

108 Harvesting pineapples, Fla. 

Grapes 

236 Tokay grapes in a California vineyard. 

319 Grape vineyards in Mendoza, Argentina, S. A. 

390 Picking the luscious grapes, Rudesheim, Germany. 

438 Hauling barrels of Malaga grapes to Almeria, Spain for shipping 

abroad. 

4 

Papaya 

259 Fruit of the papaw tree, Hawaii. 

Dates 

556, 566 Date palm, furnishing fruit and wood in many semi-desert 
parts of Asia and Africa. 

Olive 

495 The olive tree, an evergreen tree of the Mediterranean region. 
556 Shipping barrels of olive oil from Algiers, North Africa. 

Peach 

85 Gathering peaches in Delaware. 

Apples 

44 Summer spraying in apple orchard in New York. 
175 Picking, sorting and packing apples in barrels, Missouri. 

Figs 

489 Three fig trees in foreground, Scutari, Turkey. 



NUTS — BEVERAGES 49 

(e) NUTS 

Almonds 

234 Harvesting almonds, San Joaquin County, Calif. 

Coconuts 

249 The coconut palm in the Panama Canal Zone. 

259 The coconut palm in the Hawaiian Island. 

551 Husking the coconuts and splitting them to dry in the sun, P. I. 

Chestnuts 

70 Group of tall chestnut trees growing from an old stump. Penn- 
sylvania has more chestnut timber than has any other state. 

Peanuts 

118 Harvesting peanuts in Arkansas, commonly classed as a nut but 
in reality a vegetable. 

Pine Nuts 

201 Nut pine, a small scrubby tree with nut-like edible fruit growing 
in semi-arid regions. 

(f) BEVERAGES 

Cocoa 

303 Cacao pods, containing beans from which cocoa and chocolate 
are made. 

Coffee 

302 Picking coffee in Guadaloupe, F. W. I. 

310 Method of drying coffee, state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, S. A. 

311 Carts loaded with coffee leaving plantation, Brazil, S. A. 
295 Unloading coffee at Havana wharf, Cuba. 

468 Sidewalk coffee house, Sofia, Bulgaria. 

Tea 

530 Among the famous tea fields of Shizuoka, Japan. 

521 Store of Chinese tea merchant, Chifu. 

534 Tea house in Japan. 

373 Serving tea in Scotland. 

Pulque 

234 Field of maguey plants, Mexico. 

?85 Filling pig skins with juice from maguey plant, Mexico. 

287 Single maguey or century plant, with field of them beyond. 



50 PRODUCTION AND MANUFACTURING 



2. ANIMAL PRODUCTS AND THEIR MANUFACTURE 

(a) Dairying, Milk and Butter 

Cows 

159 Group of modern dairy barns and herd of Holstein cattle\ Wis. 

165 Holstein cattle and attractive dairy barns and silo, Minn. 

57 Milking scene in modern dairy, N. J. 

46 Automatic machine for filling and capping bottles of milk. 

45 Washing 1,000 pounds of freshly churned butter. 

487 Quaint dairy maids delivering milk, Kiev, Russia. 

339 Native method of distributing milk, La Guayra, Venezuela. 

403 Milking Holstein-Friesian cattle near Rotterdam, Holland. 

364 Jersey cattle, the most famous product of the Island of Jersey. 

356 Dairy shorthorn cattle in England. 

371 Dairy cattle developed in County Ayrshire, Scotland. 

591 Dairy cattle in New Zealand. 

Goats 
411 Milking goats, Hardanger Fjord, Norway. 

Reindeer 
413 Laplanders milking reindeer, Norway. 

(b) Beef 

370 Aberdeen Angus, a noted breed of beef cattle. 

317 Shorthorns, Argentine's famous cattle. 

358 White faced Herefords — beef cattle of world wide fame. 

127 Making a drive of Hereford cattle in Texas. 

185 Hereford cattle, being fattened for market. 

140 Cattle at Union Stock Yards, Chicago. 

141 The last process in dressing beef — washing with boiling water. 

186 Round-up of range cattle on Sherman Ranch, Geneseo, Kans. 
301 A cattle ranch in Jamaica. 

580 Cattle (Devon in foreground) as draft animals, later as beef. 
549 The water buffalo, an important meat supply. 

Other cattle scenes, 284, 298, 337, 548, 510, 497, 491, 561, 562, 454. 

For hides and their manufacture see topic of Leather in this 
classification. 

(c) Pork 

183 Poland China hogs in alfalfa pasture, Kansas. 

172 Hogs in rape pasture, Iowa. 

180 Group of colony hog houses in distance, Nebraska. 

122 The hog is a good forager, oil district, Texas. 

142 Splitting backbones and final inspection of hogs before placing 

them in refrigerator rooms, Chicago. 



MUTTON — DEER — SEA FOODS 5 1 

143 Trimming and skinning hams before pickling in preparation for 

the market, Chicago. 

144 Making link sausages with the aid of machines which stuff ten 

feet per second, Chicago. 

By-products of Hog 
75, 76, 77, 155, Lard oil for miners' lamps. 
See also Leather in this classification. 

(d) Mutton 

190, 589 Fine wool Merino sheep grazing on range. (Typical range 

sheep the world over.) 
173 Shropshire, Oxford and Cotswold sheep in pasture, Ames, Iowa. 

(Choice mutton types.) 
480 Shepherds and flocks on Argive plain, Greece. 

For wool see section on Clothing in this classification also classi- 
fication Textiles and Clothing. 

(e) American Bison (Commonly called Buffalo) 

232 Formerly an important source of meat supply. 

(£) Deer 

413 Reindeer. A meat supply of growing importance, now shipped 

from Alaska. 
189 Elk, 2 Moose — fast disappearing species of deer family. 

(g) Chickens, Ducks, Geese, and Pigeons 

56 Chickens form an important meat supply. 
401 Ducks along the canal in Holland, valuable for meat, eggs, and 

feathers. 
216 Geese, for feather products, meat and eggs. 
240 Pigeon farm — extensive " squab " production, Los Angeles. 

(h) Hippopotamus 

577 Hippopotamus — flesh much prized by natives. 

578 Natives returning from hippopotamus hunt. 

(i) Sea Foods 

Codfish 

13 Drying codfish in the sun, Gloucester, Mass. 

Salmon 

226 Netting salmon in the Columbia River, Oregon. 

227 Butchering salmon, canning factory, Astoria, Oregon. 
244 Indians drying salmon on the Yukon River, Alaska. 



52 PRODUCTION AND MANUFACTURING 

Sardines 

531 Drying sardines on the beach, Beppu, Japan. 

Oysters 

97 Bedding for young oysters, Hampton, Va. 
86 Shacking Oysters, Baltimore, Md. 

Fishing in Finland 

481 Fisher women selling fish in Finland market. 

Seal 

345 Seal blubber is an important article of diet in the Arctic and 
Antarctic regions. The oil is used for fuel and the skin for 
clothing and leather articles. 

Whale 

415 Whale blubber is used for food while the oil and bone form im- 
portant articles of commerce. 

3. INORGANIC PRODUCTS 

Salt 

42 Collecting, draining and hauling salt, Syracuse, N. Y. 
153 Packing salt into barrels for shipment, St. Clair, Mich. 



B. CLOTHING 
1. VEGETABLE PRODUCTS AND FACTORY PROCESSES 

(a) Cotton 

Growing 

207 Cultivating field of cotton, Arizona. 

117 Picking cotton on a Mississippi plantation. 

124 Hauling cotton to the cotton gin. 

125 Cottin gin, Greenville, Texas. 

119 Cotton in the bale ready for shipment, New Orleans, La. 

420 Bales of cotton on wharf, Goteborg, Sweden. 

286 Carding room, cotton mills, Orizaba, Mexico. 

14 Spinning cotton yarn in textile mills, Lawrence, Mass. 

15 Copying design on copper rolls for printing cotton cloth. 

16 Printing room of cotton mills, Lawrence, Mass. 
563 Primitive method of spinning cotton in Egypt. 

Uses 
For scenes showing uses of cotton see classification on Textiles and 
Clothing also Paper in this classification. 



FLAX — HEMP — RUBBER 53 

(b) Flax 

268 Winding bobbins in linen mill, Canada. 

269 Weaving the linen fabric, Canada. 

40 Folding and ironing linen collars, Troy, N. Y. 
See also Paper in this classification. 

(c) Hemp 

Manila (Abaca — native name) 

552 Manila hemp — stripping the tree. 

553 Primitive way of making hemp rope, Philippines. 

99, 186, 188, 246, 295, 257, 342, 344, 217 Manila hemp rope in use. 

Sisal 
289 Henequen, from which sisal fiber is produced. 
571 Sisal hemp plantation in blossom, Uganda, Africa. 
357, 136 Show use of binder twine, made of sisal fiber in handling 
grain. 

(d) Maguey 

285, 287 Show the Maguey plant whose fiber is often used for the 
manufacture of clothing as well as twine rope, mats, sacks, 
carpets, etc. The tender heart of the plant can be cooked 
and eaten. 

(e) Pina 

108 Pineapple leaves from which pina cloth is made. 

550 Philippinos wearing pina cloth. 

(f) Bark Cloth 

570 Peeling bark for making bark cloth, Uganda, Africa. 

(g) Coconut Fiber 

551 Coconut husk fiber for making cloth, mats, etc. 

(h) Rubber 

Sources 
247 A rubber tree showing scars from cutting. 
131 Many forms of crude rubber as it comes from the jungles. 

Manufacture 
133 Manufacture of rubber boots and shoes, Akron, Ohio. 

Uses 
46,42,227,130,161,75 Rubber in 'boots. 

See also Automobiles in this classification. 



54 PRODUCTION AND MANUFACTURING 



2. ANIMAL PRODUCTS AND FACTORY PROCESSES 

(a) Wool 

Sheep Raising 
480 Merino sheep on the Argive plains in Greece. 
173 Shropshire, Oxford and Cotswold sheep are better -mutton type, 

being larger than the Merino, but the wool is coarser. 
190 Fine wool Merino sheep, Idaho. (Typical range sheep the world 

over.) 
589 Sheep on the range, Australia. 

Handling of Wool 
145 Shearing sheep with power driven shears. 

17 Sorting wool after cleaning and washing. 

Modern Manufacturing Processes 

18 Doubling frame in large woolen mill. 

81 Spinning room — winding the bobbins, Phila. 

Primitive Processes 
409 Carding and spinning wool, Telemarken, Norway. 
506 Spinning and weaving woolen shawls, Kashmir, India. 

Uses 
For use of wool in clothing see classification Textiles and Clothing. 

(b) Silk 

Silk Culture (Japan) 

536 Silk worm incubator. 

537 Gathering mulberry leaves for the silk worms. 

538 Feeding mulberry leaves to the voracious young silk worms. 

539 Silk worm cocoons in their nests. 

Silk Manufacture (Japan) 

540 Reeling silks from cocoons by hand. 

541 One of Japan's largest modern silk weaving plants. 

Silk Manufacture (America) 

22 Weighing and sorting raw silk skeins, South Manchester, Conn. 

The United States buys approximately one-half the raw silk pro- 
duced by Japan each year. We also buy heavily from China and 
Italy. Most of this silk comes to us as reeled silk. 

23 First drawing or straightening of fibers — spun silk industry. 

South Manchester, Conn. This silk comes from damaged co- 
coons and is carded and spun in practically the same way as 
cotton and wool. 

24 Roving frame — silk industry (spun silk), South Manchester, 

Conn. 



SILK — LEATHER 55 

53 Drawing warp for weaving silk cloth, Paterson, N. J. (Reeled 

silk). 

54 Weaving room in the famous silk mills at Paterson, N. J. 

55 Machines weaving dozens of fine taffeta silk ribbons, Paterson, 

N. J. For uses of silk in clothing see Classification on Tex- 
tiles and Clothing. 

(c) Leather 

Sources 
127 " Making a drive " on Paloduro Ranch, Texas. 
186 Round up on Sherman Ranch, Kansas. 
301 Cattle ranch in Jamaica. 
317 Some of South America's famous cattle. 
185 Splendid Hereford cattle in Kansas feeding pens. 
140 World's greatest live stock market, Chicago. 
580,298,561,497,454 Ox hide excellent leather. 
159,165,57,403,364,356,371,591,403,339 Dairy cattle finally furnish 

beef and leather. 
549, 491, 474 Buffalo, a source of leather. 
562, 548 Humped cattle of Asia. 
71,. 138, 218, 229, 195, 188, 182, 147, 136 Horses. 
183, 172, 122 Pig skin a good leather. 
560, 566, 567, 574, 557, 340, 524 Donkeys. 
124,249,175,311,294 Mule skin an excellent leather. 
190, 173, 480 Sheep skin much used for gloves, etc. 
246, 279, 118, 190, 204, 396, 480 Dog skin used in many ways. 
411,447 Goats; 413 Reindeer; 2 Moose; 189 Elk; 335 Llama; 232 

American Bison; 110 Alligator; 588 Kangaroo; 345 Seal; 505, 

509 Elephants; 577, 578 Hippopotamus. 

Manufacture. 
272 Scraping hair from hides — tanning industry. 

11 Skilled workmen cutting leather for shoes, Mass. 
41 Sewing room, large shoe factory, Syracuse, N. Y. 

12 Lasting machine, shaping shoes in Massachusetts shoe factory. 

Uses 

71, 138 Harness, a very important use of leather. 

45, 14 Leather is also extensively used for belting. 

98, 158, 182, 168, 169 Indians wearing " Buckskin " garments. 
279, 413, 188, 224, 83, 77 Leather boots and shoes. 
352, 89, 92 Leather upholstering. 

188, 186, 182 Hog skin the usual leather for saddles., 
507 Primitive use of inflated bullock skins for ferry boats. 
285 Primitive use of hog skin to carry liquids. 



56 PRODUCTION AND MANUFACTURING 

(d) Furs 

345 The seal, an important source of fur clothing. 

343 The use of fur garments by the Eskimo. 

328, 158 Indians using furs for clothing. 

246, 243, 279 Use of fur caps and clothing, Arctic regions. 

490 Natives of Asia Minor wearing fur caps and coats. 

(e) Feathers 

239 The ostriches supply beautiful ostrich plumes. 
216 These geese furnish valuable feathers. 

C. MINING AND MINERAL INDUSTRIES 

1. ORGANIC DEPOSITS 

(a) Anthracite Coal 

74 Stripping coal at Hazelton, Pa. 

75 Miners going into the slope, Hazelton, Pa. 

76 Miner drilling and laborer loading "black diamonds." 

77 Loading' cage with car at bottom of shaft, Scranton, Pa. 

78 Tandem automatic slate picker, Scranton, Pa. 

79 Shipping coal, coal breaker in background, Ashley, Pa. 

(b) Bituminous Coal 

129 A trainload of bituminous coal from the Pittsburgh fields for 
Lake Superior consumption. 

61 Coal on barges ready for river shipment. Pittsburgh, Pa., is 

sometimes called the Smoky City on account of the large amount 
of coal smoke from the various iron and steel mills and other 
great factories located there. 
177 Bituminous coal used in threshing engine. 

43, 26, 347 Bituminous coal used in passenger and freight engines and 
ships. 

(c) Coke (Made from Bituminous Coal) 

68 Coke ovens, loading coke into cars. 

62 Two cars of coke at blast furnace. 

(d) Peat (Irish Coal) 
378 Peat from Irish bogs, High St., Killarney, Ireland. 

(e) Petroleum 

122 Spindle Top, an important oil region near Beaumont, Texas. 

69 Filling shell with nitro-glycerin for shooting the well. 

70 Shooting an oil well. 

123 Crude oil stills and can factory, Port Arthur, Texas. 

256 A reserve supply of the finished product in tank at the Panama 
Canal. 



METALS 57 

(f) Phosphate 

115 Mining phosphate and loading cars, Term.— an important fer- 

tilizer. 

(g) Asphalt 

48 Barrels of asphalt shipped from mine, Trinidad Island. 
316 Beautiful asphalt boulevard, Buenos Aires. 

2. INORGANIC DEPOSITS AND INDUSTRIES 
(a) METALS 

(i) Iron 

163 Steam shovel at work, Mesabi Range, Minn. 

164 Iron ore being loaded on ships, Two Harbors, Minn. 
154 Ore ships passing through " Soo " Canal. 

128 Unloading iron ore from ships to train for Pittsburgh District. 
(129 shows train load of coal which the ore ships will haul back 
to Minnesota.) 

62 Iron blast furnace, Pittsburgh. 

63 Modern pig iron machine at rest, Pittsburgh. 

64 Emptying cooled pig iron from molds into car. 

Uses 

271 Iron pipe; 350, 354, 534, 306, 365 Iron fencing; 484 Iron roof; 
63, 64 Cast iron molds; 215, 471 Iron chains. 

(2) Steel 

116 Steel furnace, Birmingham, Ala. 

61 Across the Monongahela River may be seen a steel plant in 
Pittsburgh. 

65 Filling molds with steel, Pittsburgh. 

66 Steel ingots on the "table" of the "blooming" mill, steel 

works, Pittsburgh, Pa. 

67 Red-hot steel beam from rolling process being cut into lengths by 

buzz saw, steel works, Pittsburgh, Pa. 

Uses 

82 Erecting shop, Baldwin Locomotive works. 
43 Two locomotives and a modern four track steel railway. 
242 Steel in submarine; 254 battleship; 27, 174, 575 bridges; 139. 25, 
26, 28, 30 skyscrapers; 1 axe; 224 saw; 69 drill; 256 wireless 
tower; 123 tanks; 170 power plant; 187 factory; 150, 151, 316, 
305, 152 automobiles; 250, 252, 253 Panama Canal; 52 steam 
ships; 161, 166, 178, 179, 180 farm machinery and gas engines; 
129, 128, 163 steel cars; 154, 164 freight boats; 177, 218 233 
threshing engines; 84, 94 money making machines. For other 
uses of steel see classification on metals. 



58 PRODUCTION AND MANUFACTURING 

(3) Copper 

187 Copper smelters and mines, Butte, Mont. 

155 A mile underground — loading and handling cars with copper 

ore, Calumet-Hecla Mines, Calumet, Mich. 

156 Pouring molten copper into ingot molds, Calumet, Mich. 

157 Loading 1,400 tons of copper on boat, Houghton, Mich. 

Uses. 
15 Copper rolls for printing cotton cloth, Lawrence, Mass. 
151 Insulated copper wires used in auto engines. 324, 486, 273, 590 

show trolley wires of copper. 
308, 309 Show system of telephone wires, often of copper, especially 

the long-distance wires. 
43 Showing copper telegraph wires. 
171 Commutator plates in generators are copper. 

(4) Brass (Product of Copper) 

92,84,89,21,352 Brass lighting fixtures; 88, 92, 94 Brass fans; 494 
Brass in rifle shells ; 39, 37, 73 Cannon were formerly made of 
brass. 

(5) Bronze (Product of Copper) 
80 The old Liberty Bell. Most famous in world. 
484 The great bell market, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia. 

71 Small bronze bells on harness. 
241 San Gabriel mission showing bells. 

(6) Gold 

243 Some of the 40,000 men who entered Klondyke gold field in 
1898. 

246 Gold miners and dog team north of Arctic Circle, Alaska. 

245 Placer mining, near the Yukon River, Alaska. 

225 Hydraulic mining, Oregon. 

287 Rich gold and silver mining center, El Oro, Mexico. 

579 Gold quartz mining, 10th level, 1,200 feet under ground, Robin- 
son Mine, Johannesburg, S. Africa. 

203 Stamp mill and gold concentrator, Ouray, Colorado. 

Uses 
21 Skilled workers manufacturing jewelry, Providence, R. I. 

(7) Silver 

214 A silver mining camp nestled in the mountains, Nevada. 
287 Rich gold and silver mining center of El Oro, Mexico. 
334 Refining silver in smelter, Peru, S. Amer. 

Uses 
33 Silverware in a well furnished dining room. 

84 Silver half-dollars, quarters and dimes being coined at govern- 
ment mint. 



PRECIOUS STONES — QUARRYING 59 

(8) Zinc and Lead 

176 Zinc and lead mines, Joplin, Mo. 

(b) PRECIOUS STONES 
(i) Diamonds 

581 Mining " diamantiferous bine earth," Kimberley, S. Africa. 

(2) Garnets, Rubies, Sapphires and Moonstones 

512 Grinding gems — garnets, rubies, sapphires, and moonstones — 
Ratnapora, Ceylon. 

(c) GLASS 
Manufacture 

134 Placing material in furnace, plate glass works, Ross ford, Ohio. 

135 Polishing plate glass after grinding, Rossford, Ohio. 

Use 

33 Cut glass on dining table, plate glass in mirror and mantel. 

92 Glass in transom, lighting fixtures, ink wells, mirror, clock face 

and covering picture. 
88 Glass in skylight. 

587 Plate glass in Federal building, Melbourne, Australia. 
159 Glass windows in modern dairy barn. 

152 A well lighted modern factory building, Ford Motor Factory, 
Detroit. 

(d) POTTERY 

58 Firing tableware, Trenton, N. J. 

59 Artists decorating porcelain ware, Trenton, N. J. 
33 Finely decorated china on dining table. 

372 Porcelain in Robert Burns' Cottage, Scotland. 

542, 487, 572, 564, 292 Primitive pottery in other countries. 

519 Chinese dishes. 

(e) QUARRYING 

(1) Granite 

3 Quarrying granite, Concord, N. H.— Drilling preparatory to 

splitting. 
95 Congressional Library — white New Hampshire granite. 
7 Quincy market building, Boston, built of granite. 
6 Granite blocks used in paving. 
569 The great dam, Egypt. Built of Assuan granite. 
146 Lincoln Tomb (granite), Springfield, 111. 

(2) Marble 

4 Marble quarry, Proctor, Vt, largest quarry opening in the 

world. 

5 Chiseling marble, Proctor, Vt. 



60 PRODUCTION AND MANUFACTURING 

87 The extensions of the Capitol building are of Massachusetts 

marble. 
36 Many marble monuments may be seen here. 

(f) Nitrate 

325 Sacking and shipping nitrate at mines, Chile. 

3. LUMBERING AND FOREST PRODUCTS 

(a) Lumbering 

America 
224 Felling great trees that grow in the rainy northwest. 
162 Load of logs at Kettle River landing, Minn. 
1 Landing and scaling logs, Aroostook Woods, Me. 

215 Great chained log rafts, Columbia River, Washington. 

216 Large lumber mills, near Seattle, Wash. 

217 Loading ships with lumber. 

Orient 
509 Elephants hauling logs from Salwin River, Burma. 
523 Chinamen sawing timbers in primitive way. 
For uses of lumber see classification on Wood. 

(b) Turpentine 

107 Turpentine dippers and chippers at work, Savannah, Ga. 

106 Savannah, Ga. Greatest rosin and turpentine market in world. 

(c) Manufacture of Paper 

For manufacture of paper from wood pulp, cloth and rice straw 
see Paper under Miscellaneous Industries, this classification. 

(d) Charcoal 

103 Burning charcoal, N. C. 
543 Selling charcoal in Korea. 

For further material on forest products and their uses see classifi- 
cation on Wood. 

4. MISCELLANEOUS 
(a) Haying 

183 Alfalfa, principal hay and forage crop of West. 

181 Handling alfalfa hay with hay loader. 

185 Alfalfa hay in barn. 

232 American bison eating hay in park. 

388 Making hay, Highlands of Bavaria. 

408 Hay put up in racks to cure. 

454 A unique team eating hay, Naples, Italy. 



MAKING PAPER — TOBACCO — IRRIGATION 61 

(b) Ivory 

505, 509, 510 Elephants showing ivory tusks. 

573 Shipping ivory at Mombaso, Africa. 

577, 578 Ivory of hippopotamus inferior to that of elephant. 

(c) Making Paper 

Wood 
1 Printing and wrapping paper are mainly made from wood pulp. 
Timber suitable for paper pulp is fast disappearing in the 
United States. Much paper pulp is imported from Canada. 
412 Grindstones which convert the blocks into wood pulp for the 
manufacture of paper, Norway. 

Cloth {Cotton and Linen) 

19 Cut rags after removing from washing drums, paper mills, 

Holyoke, Mass. 

20 Inspecting paper delivered by machine, Holyoke, Mass. 

94 Paper money from linen rags — 'the toughest and most durable 
paper made in America. 

Rice Strazv 
533, 534, 535, 536 Show rice paper used extensively by Japanese in 
the walls and windows of their homes. 

(d) Making Money 

84 Coining presses, Government, Philadelphia, Pa. 
94 Making paper money, Washington, D. C. 

(e) Tobacco 

112 Kentucky tobacco field showing ventilated tobacco barns. 
297 Cutting tobacco in Cuba. 

(f) Irrigation 

Irrigation is not a distinct industry. But because of popular inter- 
est in this method of production this grouping is supplied. 

210 Great Roosevelt irrigation dam, Phoenix, Ariz. 

209 Results of irrigation, Salt River Valley, Arizona. 

104 Flooding the rice fields, S. C. 

105 Hoeing rice, S. C. 

237 Irrigating endless avenues of orange trees, Cal. 

238 Orange blossoms and fruit, irrigated, Cal. 
236 What irrigation does for Tokay grapes, Cal. 
284 Irrigation makes good farm land in Mexico. 

332 Preparing soil for planting, irrigated district, Peru. 

333 Replanting sugar cane preparatory to irrigation, Peru. 
549 Filipino harrowing rice field after irrigation. 

528, 529, 530 Irrigated rice fields, Japan. 
515 Irrigated land in China. 



62 PRODUCTION AND MANUFACTURING 

569 The great Nile Dam for irrigation purposes. 
564 Land irrigated by overflow of Nile River, Egypt. 
563 Cotton raised on irrigated land, Egypt. 

(g) Rubber 

247 Rubber tree showing scars from cutting, Panama. 

131 Crude rubber from the jungles, Akron, O. 

132 Building up an automobile tire, Akron, O. 
155, 44 Rubber hose. 

See also Rubber under Clothing in this classification. 

(h) Automobiles 

150 Assembling room, Cadillac plant, Detroit, Mich. 

151 Experts testing motors, Cadillac plant, Detroit, Mich. 

152 Employees leaving Ford plant, Detroit, Mich. 
109, 167, 305, 229, 308, 315, 316 Automobiles in use. 

For manufacture of Automobile tires see Rubber above. 

(i) Construction 

For a considerable range of industries dealing with the construc- 
tion of highways, streets, bridges, canals, etc., see Part II of this 
classification, also Cities and the various classifications under Industrial 
Arts. 

See classification on Transportation. 

See classification on Markets and Marketing. 

Part II 

In the following scheme, the character of the' work itself is made the 
basis for an economic classification of industries and products. 

A. COLLECTIVE INDUSTRIES 

These industries do not create anything which did not exist be- 
fore, but collect raw materials, making only such changes in their 
form or qualities as are necessary to fit them for transportation and 
market. They may be carried on by primitive peoples and by the use 
of simple means or they may demand complex machinery and the 
exercise of the highest scientific skill. 

1. PRIMITIVE 
a. Plucking 

551 Husking coconuts, Island of Luzon, P. I. 

259 Luxuriant vegetation in the Manna Loa Valley, Hawaii. 

294 Harvesting bananas, Costa Rica, C. A. 

303 Cacao pods, Dominica, B. W. I. 



FISHING — HUNTING — MINING 63 

b. Fishing 

226 Salmon Industry, Columbia River, Ore. 

227 Interior of a salmon canning establishment, Ore. 
244 Drying fish on the Yukon River, Alaska. 

481 Fish wives of Finland — a busy scene on the quay. 

531 Drying sardines on the beach, Beppu, Japan. 

13 Drying codfish in the sun — Gloucester, Mass. 

97 Oyster shells as bedding for young oysters, Hampton, V'a. 

86 " Shucking " oysters, Oyster House, Baltimore, Md. 

415 Floating whale station, Spitzenbergen, Lapland. (Whales usually 

but incorrectly called fish.) 

Ill Sponge market, Key West, Harbor, Fla. 

c. Hunting 

2 Flashlight of wild moose in Maine forest. 

577 Hippopotamus hunt, Rhodesia, Africa. 

578 Returning from a big game hunt, Rhodesia, Africa. 

345 Commander Adrien de Gerlache, leader of the Belgica expedi- 
tion (1897-99) on skis hunting seals on South Polar pack. 
110 Battle with a wounded 'gator, Palm Beach, Fla. 
415 Floating whale station, Spitzenbergen, Lapland. 

2. SCIENTIFIC 

d. Lumbering 

224 Method of felling trees, Oregon. 

162 A load of logs, Minnesota Pineries. 

1 Logs delivered at the stream, Me. 

215 Great chained log rafts, Columbia River, Wash. 

216 Largest lumber mills, near Seattle, Wash. 

217 Shipping lumber, Washington. 

e. Quarrying 

4 Marble quarry, Proctor, Vt. — largest quarry opening in the 

world. 

3 Quarrying granite, Concord, N. H. 

5 Chiseling marble, Proctor, Vt. 

f. Mining 

Coal 

74 Stripping coal at Hazelton, Pa. 

75 Miners going into the slope, Hazelton, Pa. 

76 Drilling and loading anthracite, Scranton, Pa. 

77 Loaded cage at bottom of shaft, Scranton, Pa. 

78 Tandem automatic slate picker, Scranton, Pa. 

79 Shipping coal — ■ coal breaker in background. 



64 PRODUCTION AND MANUFACTURING 

Petroleum 

69 Filling shell with nitroglycerin. 

70 Shooting oil well with eighty quarts of nitro-glycerin, Pa. 

122 Spindle Top oil region, Texas. 

123 Crude oil stills and can factory, Texas. 

Iron 

163 Steam shovel at work, Mesabi Range, Minn. 

Copper, Zinc and Lead 

155 A mile underground — cars with copper ore, Mich. 
176 Zinc and lead mines, Joplin, Mo. 

Gold and Silver 
245 Placer mining near the Yukon River, Alaska. 
225 Hydraulic mining, Oregon. 

579 Gold quartz mining, 10th level, 1,200 feet under ground, Jo- 
hannesburg, South Africa. 
334 Refining silver in smelter, Cerro de Pasco, Peru. 
214 A mining camp nestled in the mountains, Nevada. 

Diamonds 
581 Taking out ^e " diamantiferous blue earth" at Wesselton dia- 
mond mines, Kimberley, South Africa. 

Phosphate 

115 Mining phosphate near Columbia, Tenn. 

Nitrate 

325 Sacking and shipping nitrate at mines, Chile. 

g. Collecting 

130 Tapping a sugar-maple tree, Ohio. 

107 A turpentine farm — dippers and chippers at work, Savannah, 

Ga. 
247 Rubber tree, showing scars from cutting, Panama. 

131 Many forms of crude rubber, Akron, Ohio. 

285 Filling pig skins with juice from maguey plant used in making 
pulque, the native drink, Tacuba, Mexico. 

B. PRODUCTIVE INDUSTRIES 

These industries assist nature to multiply or create materials which 
would not otherwise exist and are capable of a high degree of scien- 
tific development. 

3. AGRICULTURE 
h. Garden Culture 

149 Harvesting celery, Kalamazoo, Mich. 
47 Harvesting cantaloupes near Buffalo, N. Y. 



GARDEN CULTURE — FIELD CULTURE 65 

83 School gardens, Philadelphia, Pa. 
235 Luther Burbank's spineless cactus, Santa Rosa, Cal. 

i. Field Culture 

Grains 

561 Tilling the soil as in ancient days, Egypt. 

522 Chinese farmer boys plowing, near Port Arthur. 

488 How the Russian peasant tills his fields. 

178 Plowing with tractor, South Dakota. 

179 Harrowing with tractor, South Dakota. 

180 Manure spreader followed by tractor plow. Sod near Omaha, 

Nebr. 

357 Harvesting wheat in Old England. 

199 Barley raised by the " dry farming method." 

147 Loading oats in the field, 111. 

218 Combined reaper and thresher, Wash. 

233 Steam Harvester, reaping, threshing and sacking wheat. 

497 The threshing floor of Nazareth, Palestine. 

479 Treading out the grain, Greece. 

284 Rich farm lands in Mexico. 

562 Threshing beans in the field, Egypt. 
177 Threshing wheat, North Dakota. 
184 Corn field, Kansas. 

160 Harvesting and loading silage corn, Wis. 

136 Modern methods in corn harvesting, Ind. 

137 Corn in the shock, Ind. 

549 Filipino farmers harrowing rice fields. 

528 Rice planters at work, Japan. 
527 Threshing out rice, Japan. 

529 Rice harvest, cutting with a sickle, Japan. 
105 Hoeing rice, South Carolina. 

104 Flooding the rice fields, S. C. 

550 Hulling rice for breakfast, P. I. 

Sugar Beets 

198 Cultivating a field of beets, Colorado. 

419 Women working in a field of sugar beets, Sweden. 

Tobacco 

112 Tobacco field in Kentucky. 

297 Cutting tobacco grown in the shade of banana trees, province of 
Havana, Cuba. 

Peanuts 

118 Harvesting peanuts, Marianna, Arkansas. 

Potatoes 

166 Potato digging machines, Moorhead, Minn. 



66 PRODUCTION AND MANUFACTURING 

Hay 

181 Handling alfalfa hay with hay loader. 

j. Plantation Culture 
Sugar Cane 

332 Preparing soil for planting sugar cane, Peru. 

333 Replanting the sugar cane, Peru. 
258 Cutting the sugar cane, Porto Rico. 

Fruits 

294 Harvesting bananas, Costa Rica, C. A. 
108 Harvesting pineapples, Florida. 

Fibers 

117 Picking cotton on a Mississippi plantation. 
289 Henequen producing sisal hemp fiber, Mex. 
571 Sisal hemp plantation in blossom, Uganda, Africa. 
552 Manila hemp, stripping the tree, P. I. 

k. Horticulture 

44 Summer spraying in apple orchard, N. Y. 

175 Sorting and packing apples in barrels, Mo. 

85 Gathering peaches, Delaware. 

237 10,000 acres of orange groves, Cal. 

238 Orange blossoms and fruit, Los Angeles, Cal. 
437 Picking Valencia oranges, Spain. 

236 Tokay grapes, Acampo, Cal. 

390 Toiling in the vineyards, Rudesheim, Germany. 

319 Italian settler and family, vineyards in background, Mendoza, 

Argentina. 
234 Harvesting almonds, Cal. 

302 Coffee pickers, Guadeloupe, F. W. I. 

310 Method of drying coffee, Sao Paulo, Brazil. 

530 A country girl of old Japan — among the famous tea fields of 
Shizuoka, Japan. 

303 Cacao pods, Dominica, B. W. I. 

1. Herding — depends on native grasses, mosses, etc. 
Cattle 

127 On the Paloduro Ranch, Paloduro, Tex. 

186 Thrown! Cowboy and horse holding a lassoed cow, Kansas. 

188 Cowboy, bronco corral and camps, Mont. 

301 A cattle ranch in Jamaica, B. W. I. 

317 Argentina's famous cattle, La Plata, Argentina, S. A. 

Sheep 
190 Sheep grazing on range, Idaho. 
480 Shepherds and their flocks, Greece. 
589 Sheep on range, Australia. 



STOCK RAISING 67 

Reindeer 

413 Laplanders milking the reindeer, Norway. 

m. Stock raising is combined with agriculture and depends on 
home-grown grain and fodder. 

Cattle 

364 Jersey cattle. 

371 Ayrshire dairy cattle, Scotland. 

403 Milking Holstein-Friesian cattle, Holland. 

159 Modern dairy barns and Holstein cattle, Wisconsin. 

57 Milking scene in modern dairy, New Jersey. 

358 Whitefaced Herefords. 

370 Aberdeen Angus, a noted breed of beef cattle. 

183 Hereford cattle in Kansas feeding pens. 

140 The world's greatest live stock market, Chicago. 

Swine 

172 Hogs in rape pasture, Iowa. 

183 Hogs in rich alfalfa pasture, Kansas. 

Sheep and Goats 

173 Shropshire, Oxford and Cotswold sheep. 

411 Milking the goats, Hardanger Fjord, Norway. 
447 Grindewald on market day, Switzerland. 

Horses 

138 A champion team of Percheron draft horses. 
398 Belgian draft horses. 

Elephants 

509 Elephants hauling logs from river, Burma. 
505 Stately elephants on parade, Jaipur, India. 

510 An elephant hunt, Siam. 

Birds 

56 1,500 Hens (White Leghorns) in laying house, New Jersey. 
240 Los Angeles pigeon farm, California. 
239 Cawston ostrich farm, California. 

Insects 

537 Gathering mulberry leaves for silk worms, Japan. 
536 Silk worm incubator, Japan. 

538 Feeding mulberry leaves to silk worms. Japan. 

539 Silkworm cocoons, Kiryu, Japan. 

C. CONSTRUCTIVE INDUSTRIES 

These industries use all sorts of materials supplied by the collec- 
tive and productive industries in the construction of things which are 
largely artificial 



68 PRODUCTION AND MANUFACTURING 

4. MANUFACTURING 

The United States Census publishes statistics of 259 distinct lines 
of manufacture and the number of different kinds of articles pro- 
duced runs into the tens of thousands. 

Foodstuffs 

292 Tortilla making, Salvador, C. A. 

498 Native women grinding wheat, Palestine. 

410 " Flat Bread " of the Norwegian Peasant. 

45 1,000 lbs. of freshly churned butter, N. Y. 

270 Beets stored in sheds at sugar factory. 

271 Beet pulp and juice for manufacturing sugar. 

34 Conveyor with trays of loaf sugar. 

35 Filling and sewing bags of granulated sugar. 

141 Dressing beef — washing with boiling water. 

143 Trimming and skinning hams before pickling. 

142 Splitting backbones and inspection of hogs. 

144 Making link sausages. 

Fibers and Textiles 

For more complete list see Clothing in this chapter, also classification 
on Textiles and Clothing. 

Cotton 

563 Native boys spinning cotton, Egypt. 
286 Carding room, cotton mills, Mexico. 

14 Spinning cotton yarn, Lawrence, Mass. 

15 Copying design on copper rolls for printing cotton cloth, Law- 

rence, Mass. 

16 Printing room of cotton mills, Lawrence, Mass. 

Linen 

268 Winding bobbins in linen mill, Canada. 

269 Weaving the linen fabric, Canada. 

Wool 

17 Sorting wool, Lawrence, Mass. 

409 Carding and spinning wool, Norway. 
506 Spinning and weaving woolen shawls, Kashmir, India. 
81 Spinning room, winding bobbins with woolen yarn for weaving, 
Philadelphia, Pa. 

18 Doubling frame in a large woolen mill. 

Silk 

540 Reeling silk from cocoons, Kiryu, Japan. 

22 Weighing and sorting raw silk skeins, Conn. 

23 First drawing of fibers, Conn. 

24 Spinning — silk industry, Conn. 



BARK — COPPER AND GOLD — JEWELRY 69 

53 Drawing warp, silk mills, Paterson, N. J. 

54 Weaving room, silk mills, Paterson, N. J. 

55 Machine weaving taffeta silk ribbons, Paterson, N. J. 
541 One of Japan's largest silk mills. 

Bark 

570 Peeling bark for making bark cloth, Uganda, Africa. 

Cordage 

553 Manila hemp rope factory, Philippines. 
289 Henequen, source of sisal hemp fiber, Mex. 

571 Sisal hemp plantation, Uganda, Africa. 

Leather Boots and Shoes 

272 . Scraping the hair from the hides, Canada. 

11 Skilled workmen cutting leather for shoes, Mass. 

12 Lasting machine shaping shoes, Mass. 

41 Sewing room — large shoe factory, Syracuse, N. Y. 

Fuel 

103 Burning charcoal, North Carolina. 
68 Making coke from bituminous coal, Connellsville, Pa. 

Iron and Steel 

62 Plant of the blast furnace, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
116 Steel furnace, Birmingham, Ala. 

63 Modern pig iron machine, Pittsburgh, Pa. 

64 Emptying pig iron from molds into car, Pittsburgh, Pa. 

65 Filling molds with steel, Pittsburgh, Pa. 

66 Steel ingot on the "table" of the "blooming" mill, Pittsburgh, 

Pa. 

67 Red-hot steel beam being cut into lengths by buzz saw, Pitts- 

burgh, Pa. 

Copper and Gold 

187 Copper smelters and mine, Butte, Mont. 

156 Pouring molten copper into ingot molds, Mich. 

203 Stamp mill and gold concentrator, Colorado. 

84 Coining presses, Government Mint, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Jewelry 

21 Manufacturing jewelry, Providence, R. I. 
512 Grinding gems, garnets, rubies, sapphires and moonstones, Ratna- 
pora, Ceylon. 

Salt 

42 Solar method of evaporating salt brine — collecting, draining 

and hauling salt, Syracuse, N. Y. 
153 Packing salt into barrels for shipment, St. Clair, Mich. 



70 PRODUCTION AND MANUFACTURING 

Glass and Pottery 

134 Method of placing material in furnace, plate glass works, Ross- 

ford, O. 

135 Polishing plate glass after grinding, Rossford, Ohio. 

58 Firing tableware, Trenton, N. J. 

59 Artists decorating porcelain ware, Trenton, N. J. 
385 Pottery market, Coblenz, Germany. 

Machinery 

156 Pouring molten copper into ingot molds, Calumet-Hecla Mines, 

Calumet, Mich. 
151 Experts testing engines in the Cadillac automobile plant, Detroit, 

Mich. 
82 General view of the erecting shop, Baldwin Locomotive Works, 

Philadelphia, Pa. 

Wood Pulp and Paper 

412 Grindstones which convert the blocks into wood pulp, paper mills, 
Skotifos, Norway. 

19 Cut rags after removing from washing drums — paper mills, 

Holyoke, Mass. 

20 Inspecting paper delivered by machine, Holyoke, Mass. 

94 Making paper money, Bureau of Printing and Engraving, Wash- 
ington, D. C. 

5. BUILDING 

Consists in the erection of large, permanent structures such as houses, 
ships, bridges, etc. A great variety of materials is used and work- 
men of many trades are employed, as masons, carpenters, painters, 
plumbers, etc. 

6. ENGINEERING 

The most complex and technical of all industries, has many branches, 
closely related to manufacture and building. It plans and constructs 
engines, machinery, power plants, mills, water works, dams, bridges, 
tunnels, irrigation, drainage and sewer system, roads, docks, canals and 
the very largest works of human design. By means of engineering, 
the great powers of nature, heat, water, wind and electricity are 
brought into the service of man. 

Architecture 

(See classification on Architecture) % 

Shipbuilding 

52 Great ocean liners at the docks, Hoboken, N. J. 
100 Warships in Hampton Roads, Va. 



DAMS — BRIDGES — ROADS — CANALS 71 

242 Submarines, battleships and torpedo boats, San Diego Bay, Cal. 

280 Mexico's principal harbor, Vera Cruz. 

314 Entrance to the harbor, Buenos Aires, Argentina. 

394 Zeppelin flying over a German town. 

511 Colombo Harbor from landing jetty, Ceylon. 

Dams and Power Plants 

148 Building dikes, East St. Louis, 111. 

170 Power dam and locks in Mississippi River, Keokuk, Iowa. 

171 Fifteen large generators in a row, supplied with power from the 

great dam at Keokuk, Iowa. 
210 Roosevelt irrigation dam near Phoenix, Ariz. 
569 Irrigation dam, Assuan, Egypt. 

Bridges 

27 The great Brooklyn bridge, New York. 

101 Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. 

174 Eads Bridge, St. Louis, Mo. 

348 London Bridge over the Thames, England. 

366 Great Forth Bridge, Queensferry, Scotland. 

379 Suspension bridge, Kenmare, Ireland. 

391 Bridge at Bingen, Germany. 

392 Bridge over the Rhine at Bonn, Germany. 
442 The Kapellbrucke, Lucerne, Switzerland. 

456 The Vecchio Bridge across River Arno, Florence, Italy. 

470 Railway bridge over the Danube, Czernavoda, Roumania. 

500 The Howrah bridge over the Hooghly River, Calcutta. 

575 Bridge near Victoria Falls, Africa. 

Roads 

31 Many forms of transportation required in large centers of popula 
tion, New York City. 

43 Four track railway, electric road, and Erie Canal. 

71 Conestoga wagon on good dirt road. 
330 Cofa Bridge on the Oroya railway, Peru. 
440 To the Clouds by rail — Mt. Pilatus, Switzerland. 

Canals 

48 Mouth of Erie Canal, Buffalo, N. Y. 

154 Greatest canal traffic in the world, the " Soo " Canal. 

250 Excavating at site of Gatun Locks, Panama. 

251 Excavations measuring 500 feet deep in Gaillard Cut, Panama. 

252 North over Gatun Locks, Panama. 

253 South over Gatun Locks and Gatun Lake, Panama. 

254 U. S. S. Missouri in the Panama Canal. 

256 At the Pacific entrance of the Panama Canal, 



72 PRODUCTION AND MANUFACTURING 

293 Part of the proposed Nicaragua Canal route. 

457 Grand Canal, Venice, Italy. 

462 Danube Canal in the very heart of Vienna. 

559 The Suez Canal from a German liner. 

Docks 

106 Along the wharf of Savannah River, Ga. 

128 Unloaders at work on ore docks, Conneaut, Ohio. 

164 Looking between ore docks # 2 and # 3, Two Harbors, Minn. 

174 Docks on the Mississippi River at St. Louis. 

267 The wharves, Montreal, Canada. 

347 Landing stage, Liverpool, England. 

400 On the Leuvehaven, Rotterdam, Holland. 

420 Custom House scene and harbor, Goteborg, Sweden. 

429 The Cathedral, near busy docks, Marseilles, France. 

433 Commodious harbor of Barcelona, looking towards the Colum- 
bus monument and Custom House, Spain. 

556 Harbor of Algiers, Algeria. 

For more complete list see Harbors in Transportation classification, 
also Markets and Marketing classification. 



D. DISTRIBUTIVE INDUSTRIES 

These industries are concerned with the circulation or movement 
of people, goods, and ideas. They are dealt with in the chapters on 
Transportation and Markets and Marketing. 



46. PLANTS AND ANIMALS 

By ANNA BOTSFORD COMSTOCK 

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF NATURE STUDY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY, 
ITHACA, N. Y. EDITOR " NATURE STUDY REVIEW " 

A. PLANTS 

i. Apples 

44 The man here is spraying the fruit trees with poisoned water 
so that the little caterpillars of the codling moth that make our 
apples "wormy'" will get a drink of it as soon as they hatch 
from the egg and die before they bore into the tiny apple. He 
also sometimes puts substances into the water that kills the 
fungi which attack the fruit. See view 175 for fruit. Did you 
ever find a wormy apple ? Do you know the history of the cod- 
ling moth which causes it? 

2. Bananas 

294 If we could imagine the common dooryard weed, plantain, with 
leaves 20 feet high we would have some idea of the appearance 
of the banana plant. From 12 to 16 of these great leaves form 
a giant rosette at the center of which grows a stalk on which 
appear clusters of tube-like flowers. Each of these flower clus- 
ters develops into a bunch of bananas which may weigh from 80 
to 100 pounds. In the tropics the fruit is cooked as a vegetable ; 
in Africa a drink is prepared from it, strong mats are made 
from the fibers of the leaves and the leaves themselves are dried 
and used to thatch the roofs of the dwellings. 

3. Cactus 

209 The cactus is a desert plant. Spines are all the leaves which it has. 
All the moisture which the cactus can gather, it stores up in 
its fleshy stems and does not waste it by sending it out to 
evaporate from leaves. This is a picture of the giant cactus 
which grows in the Arizona desert, and almost every one of 
them has in it a woodpecker hole. The owls sometimes nest in 
these holes so the giant cactus is really a bird house. How 
many kinds of cacti do you know? Havt' you seen one blos- 
som? If so, describe it. 

4. Cocoa 

303 The cacao tree grows about 20 feet high and has large glossy 
leaves. The fruit is a great pod from 7 to 10 inches long, which 
595 



596 FOR LITTLE FOLKS — PLANTS, ANIMALS 

does not grow upon the little branches like the pod of a locust 
but springs from the trunk or a large branch as if nailed there. 
Cacao trees grow wild in Central and South America and are 
cultivated in many countries. The fruit pod is hard and leath- 
ery and has five cells in each of which are 12 or fewer large 
seeds. These seeds are called beans; they are gathered and 
prepared by a long process and are finally roasted and ground 
into powder which is known to us as cocoa or chocolate. 
South American Indians used cocoa for food and drink long 
before Columbus discovered America. 

5. Coffee 

302 Can you see the coffee fruit which these people are pick- 
ing? Each fruit is red like a cherry and has two seeds at its 
center instead of one. Coffee blossoms are white and star-like 
and it requires six or seven months after the blossoms fall be- 
fore the fruit is ripe. Look at a coffee bean before it is ground 
and notice the flat side. Place two of the beans, flat sides to- 
gether, and see how they grow at the center of the fruit. 

6. Daisies 

72 The common white daisy is not a single flower but each one is a 
whole bouquet of tiny yellow flowers in the center and white 
flowers around the edge. The daisy lives in open fields and has 
so many strong roots and ripens so many seeds that it crowds 
out the grass and clover from meadows and the cows and horses 
will not eat the daisy leaves. Thus the daisy is only good for 
making daisy chains and to look at. Hozv does the daisy re- 
semble the sunflozver? Do you knozv any other kinds of daisies 
besides these ? 

7. Grapes 

236 Grapes have been grown for thousands of years. There are many 
species, some of them adapted for hot countries and some fitted 
for the temperate regions. We have in the United States sev- 
eral native species. These wild grapevines often climb the 
highest trees. The fruit of the grape is a berry and therefore 
what we call a bunch of grapes is really a cluster of berries. In 
the past grapes have been grown for the making of wines but 
now they are grown, in America, more largely for raisins and 
grape juice and for table use. 

8. Orange 

28, 237 The orange tree is an evergreen and its leaves shine as though 
they were varnished. The finest of our sweet oranges is a na- 
tive of China, while the original wild orange of Seville which 
was planted in Florida by the pioneer Spaniards has very bitter 
fruit. Now many varieties have been developed by men, one of 
the most noted being the naval seedless orange which is grown 



PEACH — PINEAPPLE 597 

so largely in California. The orange trees cannot stand heavy- 
frost without damage. 

9. Peach 

85 Some trees always wrap their seeds in a pulp which we find 
most delicious. The peach, plum, and cherry all have this pleas- 
ant habit but the most interesting part of the peach, from the 
peach tree's standpoint, is the pit because of the precious seed 
contained in its thick shell. When the peach pit is planted the 
hard shell pushes apart like magic and very soon after the seed 
within begins to grow. Do you think that an almond looks like 
a peach pit? Can you tell hoiv these fruits resemble and differ 
from each other ? 

10. Peanut 

118 The peanut grows on a trailing vine. Its flower is small and 
yellow and shaped somewhat like the flower of a pea or bean. 
But as soon as the blossom falls a queer thing happens. The 
branch on which the little pod is forming becomes stiff and 
pushes it down into the ground where it grows to be a peanut. 
If the young pod is not pushed into the ground it fails to grow. 
In how many different ways is the peanut used? Does its foliage 
make good hay? 

11. Pineapple 

108 The pineapple plant is a native of tropical America. In shape it 
resembles that of the dandelion only the leaves of the pine- 
apple stand out very gracefully, have many sharp teeth on them, 
and are from 2 to 3 feet or more in length. From the center of 
this rosette of leaves arises the fruit stem which at the top is 
crowded with many flowers in the form of a cone. The fruit 
develops from these flowers and retains its cone shape and be- 
cause of this resemblance is called the pineapple. 

12. Pumpkin 

137 The pumpkin is a beautiful fruit and if it grew on a tree instead 
of a vine we should think it very wonderful. The pumpkin 
blossoms are of two kinds and if it were not for the work of 
bees in carrying pollen from one flower to another no pumpkin 
would ever grow. The pumpkins were planted by the Indians 
before Columbus discovered America. Why are pumpkins 
planted in cornfields? For what do the farmers use pumpkins? 
Hozu do the children use them at Holloween? 

13. School Gardens 

83 The good gardener knows how to make the plants feel comfort- 
able. To do this the gardener must understand each plant that 
grows and its needs. He must know what sort of roots it has, 
its stems and leaves, how its blossoms look, and how the seeds 
grow, in what sort of soil the plant likes to live, and whether 



598 FOR LITTLE FOLKS — PLANTS, ANIMALS 

it needs much or little water. // you have a garden, are you 
acquainted with all the plants in it? Do you know the weeds 
from the garden plants ivhen they first appear? 

14. Sisal Hemp 

571, 289 Strong twine and rope are made from the fiber of hemp ; but 
there are three very different plants used to make hemp. Sisal 
hemp is made from the leaves of a near relative of the century 
plant called Agave rigida which grows in hot countries like 
Yucatan and Uganda. The leaves grow in a great rosette at 
the base of the blossom stalks. Each leaf may weigh a pound 
and a half when fresh but it takes a thousand leaves to pro- 
duce fifty pounds of fiber. Hozu does hemp twine differ in 
looks from other twine? Is it stronger? 

15. Tea 

530 The tea plant is an evergreen shrub which is usually allowed to 
grow about four or five feet high. The young tender leaves 
are plucked for tea and these have to go through a long process 
of curing and drying until finally they are in tiny rolls ready 
for market. We find at the store black tea and green tea which 
seem very different in color and taste but they both come from 
the same plant. The colors are produced by different methods 
of curing. Tea is grown mostly in China, Formosa and India. 

B. ANIMALS 

1. Alligator 

110 Alligators live in the warm waters around the shores of the Gulf 
of Mexico. The mother alligator makes a nest on the land in 
which she laj's maybe sixty eggs a little larger than those of a 
hen. She covers the nest with twigs and dead leaves and the 
hot sun hatches the eggs. Then she takes the whole brood to 
shallow water where each baby alligator, scarcely more than 
eight inches long, can find plenty of small fish to eat. The big 
father alligator can bellow like a bull. What is alligator's skin 
used for? 

2. Beaver 

196 The beaver is the civil engineer of the animal world. It began 
building dams across our streams before Columbus discovered 
America. It cuts down trees with its sharp gnawing teeth so 
that they will fall across the stream and form the foundation of 
a dam which it then makes tight and firm with grass and sticks. 
The beaver needs a pond in which to live and build its house and 
so it builds a dam and makes the pond in a convenient place to 
find its food. It feeds upon the bark and twigs of trees which 
it cuts down and sinks in the water of its dam. How does the 



CATTLE — CHICKENS 599 

muskrat resemble the beaver in its habits ? Read "In Beaver 
World" by Enos A. Mills. 

3. Bison — Buffalo 

232 The bison is often miscalled "buffalo" but the true buffaloes live 
in Asia and Africa. The bison used to roam on the western 
plains in great herds. In 1871 there is record of a herd 
twenty-five miles long grazing near the Arkansas River. These 
animals have been hunted and killed until now there are only 
about two thousand of them left and these are preserved and 
cared for in our national parks. Compare the bison with cattle 
and tell how they resemble each other in form and habits. 

4. Cattle 

57, 127 Cattle are raised either for milk or for beef. The Holstein- 
Friesian (165), the Jerseys (364), and the Ayrshires (371) are 
leading dairy breeds of cattle. They give great quantities of 
rich milk which is one of our chief food products. It is sold as 
milk or made into butter. The Shorthorns (317), Herefords 
(185), and Angus (370) are important beef breeds. These, with 
the exception of some of the Shorthorns, do not give enough 
milk to make them profitable in the dairy. They take on flesh 
readily and make good beef. 

5. Camel 

565, 564, 504, 518 The camel is especially fitted to take long journeys in 
the desert. Its stomach has a special reservoir of cells in which 
it is able to store water and so after drinking its fill it can go 
several days before drinking again. The hump on the camel is 
comprised largely of fat which is stored food and enables a 
camel to go for some time with only a small amount of food. 
The camel's feet are broad and flat and are fitted to travel over 
the soft, hot sand. The camel is so tall that it has to be taught 
to kneel in order that people can mount or pack merchandise 
upon it. 

6. Chickens 

56 The hen lays an egg a day until she has enough to make a nestful. 
Then she sits on them for three weeks, keeping them warm and 
turning each egg over carefully every day until the fluffy little 
bright-eyed chicks break the shells and come out all clothed in 
down and active, ready to follow their mother about while she 
scratches the earth and finds seeds and insects for them to eat. 
How does the mother hen call her chicks? How does she warn 
them of danger? Hozv do zve know when she has laid an egg? 
Hozv are her strong toes and beak fitted to help her get her 
food? 



000 FOR LITTLE FOLKS — PLANTS, ANIMALS 

7. Codfish 

13 The cod is a fish of the ocean and when it is fully grown may 
weigh 150 pounds. More than 600 fishing vessels are sent out 
from the United States each season to catch the codfish which are 
dressed and packed in salt when caught and at the end of the 
season are brought home and dried. Much of the fish sold under 
the name of codfish is not cod but may be some other kind of fish 
inhabiting the ocean. Read " Captains Courageous," by Kipling, 
which gives the story of the adventures of the cod fishermen. 

8. Eskimo Dogs 

279 How tired these dogs look ! They have been harnessed to the 
loaded sledge which may be seen in the picture and have drawn 
it many miles over snow and bare roc?k. These dogs are so 
strong that they are called huskies. They are very much like 
wolves in appearance and habits. One of these dogs, called 
" Klondike Jack," pulled 450 pounds 500 miles one winter. See 
view 246. In what other countries are dogs used to draiv loads ? 
Why are they better than horses for this purpose in very cold 
countries? Read " Stickeen" by John Muir. 

9. Elephant 

509, 510 The elephant is the largest animal we have that lives on land; 
it is very intelligent and has a wonderful nose which we call a 
trunk and with which it can pick up a log or a pin. It also has 
wonderful incisor teeth which we call tusks and which are solid 
ivory and so large that one may weigh 125 pounds. The young 
elephants shed these teeth just as we shed our first teeth. See 
views 505 and 573. What is ivory used for? Where do wild 
elephants live? Read " Tooinai of the Elephants" in the Second 
Jungle Book of Kipling. 

10. Elk 

189 Of all the deer family, the elk is the most magnificent. A bull elk 
may weigh as much as 900 pounds and have antlers that spread 
60 inches from point to point. The strange thing about the 
antlers is that they are shed each year and new ones grow out 
again larger than the year before until maturity. It takes about 
nine years for an elk to attain full sized antlers which may weigh 
50 or 60 pounds. The elk feed upon vegetation but they are es- 
pecially fond of browsing upon trees and shrubs. 

11. Gannet 

583 The gannet is a sea bird and closely related to the pelican although 
it is goose-like in form. The wings of our most common species 
may measure six feet from tip to tip. Gannets nest upon certain 
chosen islands and each mother bird lays but one egg in a nest, 
which is usually a mere depression in the earth lined with a little 



GEESE — HOG — HORSE 601 

seaweed. The common gannet is found along the coast of North 
America, and other species along the South American and South 
African coasts. The gannets feed on fish and are of great use 
to the fishermen in aiding them to locate shoals of fish. These 
birds fly in single file over the ocean at the height of one to two 
hundred feet and when the keen eyes of one discovers a fish 
it drops like a bullet upon its prey and rarely misses it. 

12. Geese 

216 Geese are valuable for their feathers, eggs, and as food. They 
were formerly more extensively raised than at present. Before 
the invention of the metallic pens, goose quills supplied all the 
pens used. Geese are closely allied to ducks (see view 401) but 
much larger. 

13. Goat 

411 The goat is closely related to the sheep but its covering is hair 
instead of wool. Goats live in herds and, in a wild state, prefer 
mountainous regions. They are very skilled climbers and are 
very sure-footed. They feed upon vegetation and chew their 
food like a cow. They also were used as domestic animals in 
prehistoric ages. Their hair was woven into clothing, their skins 
were used for leather and also for carrying water. Their milk 
is considered very nutritious and from it special kinds of cheese 
are made. The flesh of the young goats makes very good meat. 

14. Hog 

183 From a very early period indeed the hog has been a domesticated 
animal. Its flesh provides a large part of the food of many 
nations. The skin of the hog is made into leather. The bristles 
are much used for making brushes. For packing house views. 
See 142 to 144. 592 Even savages have pigs. 

15. Horse 

398 Look at these horses and see how strong and large their 
shoulders and necks are and how big and firm are their feet. 
France and Belgium and England all have developed breeds of 
horses famous for their ability to draw heavy loads. See views 
138 and 71. Where does a strain come upon a horse in drawing 
a heavy load? Why does it need big firm feet to do this work? 
Hoiv does a draft horse differ from a trotting horse in form? 
View 186. What is this horse doing? 

16. Kangaroo 

558 When any creature has long, strong hind legs it is sure to 
be a great jumper whether it is a grasshopper, a frog, a 
rabbit, or a kangaroo; twenty-five feet at one leap and ability 
to keep it up for miles is the record of the kangaroo. The 
mother kangaroo has a pouch in which she carries her babies just 
like our opossum. The kangaroo lives upon grass and its home 



602 FOR LITTLE FOLKS — PLANTS, ANIMALS 

is in Australia. How does the kangaroo fight? What is its skin 
used for? What country has a kangaroo on its postage stamp? 

17. Llama 

335 The llama belongs to the same family as the camel and is used 
as a beast of burden in the mountains of South America. It 
is about four and a half feet high when full grown. It fur- 
nishes milk and wool and its flesh is eaten by the Indians. 
From what wool is alpaca made? 

18. Moose 

2 The moose is the largest species of all the deer family. The bull 
moose has antlers that sometimes measure six feet from tip to 
tip, and may weigh ninety pounds. Moose get their food by 
browsing on the leaves of shrubs and trees ; they are good swim- 
mers. The cow moose has no antlers ; it is the cow moose shown 
in the picture. Do you know in what part of North America 
the unld moose are still found? 

19. Ostrich 

239 Here we see two baby ostriches just out of the shell and 
another egg which has just been pipped. An ostrich egg is 
about six inches long and equal in contents to two dozen hen's 
eggs. Back of the fence you can see the full grown birds. They 
are the largest birds we have. They live in a wild state in 
Africa but are now raised for their plumes (quill feathers of the 
wings and tail) as we see in this California scene. The legs 
are big and powerful and able to deliver a kick almost equal to 
that of a horse. A full grown male ostrich stands fully seven 
feet high and weighs almost 200 pounds. 

20. Oyster 

86 The oyster has such a soft body that it needs its shell to protect 
it. Although it is so soft, it has a mouth, stomach, liver, heart 
and gills. When first hatched the young oyster can move about 
but soon settles and grows fast to some object. It lives in 
shallow salt water. It has two shells which are hinged and 
which it can open when it is feeding and can shut when it is 
frightened. Where are oysters grown? For what are oyster 
shells used? 

21. Penguin 

584 The penguin is a bird fitted for swimming and not for flying. 
It has flippers instead of wings; its feet are strongly webbed 
and its feathers are scale-like. It stands erect on land and 
makes its nest in a shallow burrow. The penguins nest in 
flocks of thousands on certain islands. Their eggs are gathered 
and sold in the markets of South African towns. How does the 
duck swim? Hozv does the penguin differ from it in this re- 
spect? 



SALMON — SEAL — SHEEP 603 

22. Reindeer 

413 In the cold and frozen north regions this animal takes the 
place of both horse and cow. The reindeer is brownish-grey in 
color ; its hair is an inch thick to keep it warm. Both the males 
and females have antlers. They have large dewclaws and large 
crescent-shaped feet which serve as snowshoes. Reindeer live 
upon the hard dry little plants that we call lichens and they have 
to dig them from under the snow very often. They were 
domesticated long ago by the Laplanders. They are used to 
draw the sledges and their milk and their flesh are used for 
food. The United States Government in 1891 introduced the 
reindeer into Alaska. Our native caribou belongs to the rein- 
deer family. 

23. Salmon 

226 The salmon are among the best food and game fishes in the 
world. After they are grown they live in the ocean but they 
come back to the fresh water streams in great schools to lay 
their eggs. It is when they are coming back for this purpose 
that they are caught in the nets and killed by the tens of thou- 
sands for the markets and canning factories. Where does the 
canned salmon which we eat come from? Read " The Story 
of a Salmon" by David Starr Jordan to learn the life history of 
one of these interesting fish. 

24. Seal 

345 The fur seal is awkward on land but is a wonderful swimmer al- 
though it is a mammal and not a fish. It lives in the water 
most of the time and feeds upon fish and mollusks. In the 
spring the seals go to favorite islands where the "pup" seals 
are born and all these young ones live together in thousands ; 
but each mother can go away and get food and come back and 
pick out her own baby to feed without making any mistake. 
Why do the Eskimo hunt and kill the seals? For zvhat is seal 
skin used? Describe the seal fur. 

25. Sheep 

173 The sheep are cud-chewing, hollow-horned, hoofed animals; 
they feed upon grass and herbage, but can also live upon moss 
and lichens in the high mountains. In some species only the 
males have horns, in others the females also have them. Sheep 
have been domesticated since before the dawn of history. Their 
wool has been used to make clothing, their skins have been used 
for leather and clothing, their flesh for food. There are many 
domestic varieties of sheep. The handsomest of all wild sheep 
is found in North America. It is the bighorn or Rocky Moun- 
tain sheep. 



604 FOR LITTLE FOLKS — PLANTS, ANIMALS 

26. Sponge 

11 1 The sponge which we use when we take a bath is the skeleton of 
a very peculiar animal. Its flesh is just like jelly and it covers 
the whole sponge. It lives grown fast to some rock below the 
surface of the water. It pumps water through the many pores 
of its flesh and skeleton and gathers from the water material to 
eat. The baby sponge can swim about. How are sponges pre- 
pared for market? 

27. Whale 

415 The whale is not a fish although it lives in the water. It is warm- 
blooded and the mother whale feeds her young calf on milk just 
as a cow feeds hers. The whale breathes air by coming to the 
surface and filling a breathing chamber with fresh air and then 
dives and remains under water for some time. When it next 
comes up for air it spouts out the impure air in a fountain of 
spray. The whale is the largest animal in the world as it some- 
times is seventy-five feet long and it may require a hundred 
years to get its growth. What is zuhalebone? For ivhat is 
whale oil used? 



INDEX 

This index for the Teachers' Guide is prepared on a two- 
fold working basis. First, there is given for each item paging 
reference in the various classifications, referring to the pages 
of the complete Teachers' Guide. Second, there is given in 
many cases a reference to the serial numbers of 'stereographs 
and slides, which illustrate the topic. This selection of serial 
numbers has been purposely limited, so that in going directly 
to the set for the material, the illustrations will be obvious. 
We have omitted many references which are necessary when 
considered in connection with the classifications of which they 
form a part, but where the references would not be so clear 
without such explanatory statement. 

Abbreviations used in this index are as follows: 

Am. Today = America of Today 

An. = Animals 

An. Hus. = Animal Husbandry 

Arct. = Architecture. 

Biog. = Biography 

Children = Children of the World 

Cities = The Cities of the World 

Com. Civ. = Community Civics 

Con. Stone B. & T. = Concrete, Stone, Brick and Tile 

Cos. Dsn. = Costume Design 

Dev. Na. = The Development of the Nation 

Draw. = Drawing 

Earth N. = Earth Neighbors 

Eat & Wear = Some Things We Eat, Some Things We Wear 

Eng. Comp. = English Composition 

F. Am. Na. = Foundations of the American Nation 

Farm C. = Farm Crops 

Farm H. & F. L. = Farm Home and Farm Life 

Farm M. = Farm Management — Farm Machinery 

Food & Ckry. = Food & Cookery 

For. Beg. = Foreign Beginnings of American History 

Geo. = Geographical Classification 

Gdn. Orch. & W. = Garden, Orchard and Woodlot 

Govt. = Government 

Home Geo. = Home Geography 

House Adm. = Household Administration 

House Dsn. = House Design and Decoration 

Hyg. = Hygiene — Health Habits 

Ind. Dsn. = Industrial Design 

Tnd. Sup. Home = Industries Supplying the Home 

Lit. Sub. = Literary Subjects and Settings 

Loc. Ind. = Local Industries 

661 



662 



INDEX 



Metals = Metals — Sources and Uses 

Mkts. = Markets and Marketing 

Ntl. F. = Natural Forms and Forces (Physical Geography) 

Out Door L. = Out Door Life 

p. = Page 

pp. = Pages 

Peo. = People of All Lands (Racial Geography) 

Photo. — Photography 

PI. & An. = Plants and Animals 

PI. Asso. = Plants and Plant Associations 

Pol. Geo. = Geography by Nations (Political Geography) 

Prod. Mfg. = Production and Manufacturing 

Read. = Reading 

S. No. = Serial Number 

Sp. = Spelling 

Tex. & CI. = Textiles and Clothing 

Trans. = Transportation 

Trav. & Lee. = Travelogue and Lecture Suggestions 

Vis. Prob. = Visualized Problems 

Voc. Guid. = Vocational Guidance 

Zones = Zones and Their Effect on Life. 

The numbers given in black faced type are the serial numbers of 
the stereographs and slides. These serial numbers correspond 
with the serial numbers in the Geographical Classification and 
Title List (page 3), also with the serial numbers on the stereo- 
graphs and slides. This plan enables one to turn directly from 
the Index to the Title List or to the cabinet of material and select 
instantly the scene desired. 



Abbev, Westminster, Geo. p. 20 

S. No. 350 
Abbot, Lyman, Biog. p. 280 
Abraham, Biog. p. 294 
Acadia, F. Am. Na. p. 163 

S. No. 262 
Acropolis of Athens, Geo. p. 25, 
Ntl. F. p. 108 

S. No. 475 
Adams, John, Dev. Na. p. 165, 
Biog. p. 280 

S. No. 80, 91 
Adams, J. Q., Dev. Na. p. 166, 
Biog. p. 281 

S. No. 87, 88, 91, 92 
Adams, Samuel, Biog. p. 281 

S. No. 7, 8 
Addison, Joseph, Lit. Sub. p. 247 
Adelaide, Geo. p. 30 

S. No. 588 
Admetus, Lit. Sub. p. 256 



Administration, Household, pp. 

431 to 433 
Adobe, Con. Stone B. & T. p. 489, 
House Dsn. pp. 525, 526, 
527 
S. No. 211, 281, 290, 299, 564 
Arid, Zones p. 114 

S. No. 561, 563, 564, 566 
Africa, Geo. p. 28, For. Beg. p. 158, 
House Dsn. p. 520, Cos. 
Dsn. p. 540, Children p. 
588, Read. p. 626, Trav. 
& Lee. p. 656 
S. No. 555 to 584 
Africa, British East, Geo. p. 29, 
Pol. Geo. pp. 128, 130 
S. No. 570 to 573 
African People, Geo. pp. 28, 29 

S. No. 555, 560 to 566, 570, 
572, 573, 577 to 580 
Africa, South, Geo. p. 29, Pol. Geo. 
pp. 128. 130 
S. No. 579 to 584 
Agoonak, Read. p. 611 



INDEX 



663 



Agra, India, Geo. p. 26 

S. No. 502 
Agriculture, p. 309, Prod. Mfg. p. 

64, F. Am. Na. p. 160, 

Soils p. 311, Farm C. p. 

319, Gdn. Orch. & W. p. 

327, An. Hus. p. 335, Farm 

M. p. 341, Farm H. & F. 

L. p. 355, Metals p. 481, 

Home Geo. p. 650 
Agricultural Implements, Farm M. 

p. 352 
Agricultural Methods, Dev. Na. pp. 

167, 175, Am. Today p. 

180, Farm C. p. 320, Farm 

H. & F. L. p. 358, Metals 

p. 481, hoc. Ind. p. 495, 

Children p. 593 
S. No. 136, 161, 178, 179, 180, 

207, 237, 284, 332, 488, 

522, 561 
Agricultural Methods, Modern, 

Prod. Mfg. p. 46. Farm C. 

p. 320, Farm M. p. 343, 

Metals p. 481 
S. No. 44, 45, 46, 147, 149, 

159, 166, 173, 177, 178, 

179, 180, 181, 198, 199, 

218, 233, 333, 357, 358, 

364 
Agricultural Methods, Primitive, 

Prod. Mfg. p. 46, Farm C. 

p. 320, Children p. 593 
S. No. 105, 479, 488, 497, 522, 

528, 529, 549, 561 
Agricultural College, Geo. p. 12, 

Govt. p. 199 
S. No. 172, 173 
Agriculture, Department of, Govt. 

p. 199 
S. No. 93 
Air, Hyg. p. 504 
Airship, Geo. pp. 22, 23, Trans, p. 

86 
S. No. 394 
Aitkenhead, Win., pp. xxxiv, 341 
Alabama, Geo. p. 9 

S. No. 116 
Alamo, Geo. p. 10 

S. No. 126 
Alaska, Geo. p. 15, Pol. Geo. p. 

123, Dev. Na. pp. 172, 174, 

Am. Today p. 188, Govt. 

p. 201, Children p. 585, 

Read. p. 618 



S. No. 243 to 246 

Alcibiades, Biog. p. 294 
Alexandria, Geo. p. 28, Pol. Geo 
p. 128 
S. No. 558 
Alexander, the Great, Biog. p. 294 
Alfalfa, Geo. p. 12, Farm C. p. 325 

S. No. 181, 183 
Alhambra, The, Geo. p. 23, Lit. 
Sub. p. 249 
S. No. 436 
Algeria, Pol. Geo. p. 132 

S. No. 556 
Algiers, Geo. p. 28, Pol. Geo. p. 
132, Read. p. 626 
S. No. 556 
Alligators, Geo. p. 9, Dev. Na. p. 
170, An. p. 384, PI & An. 
p. 598 
S. No. 110 
Alluvial Soil, Ntl. F. p. 105, Soils 
p. 313 
S. No. 237, 467, 515 
Almeria, Geo. p. 23 

S. No. 438 
Almonds, Geo. p. 14, Prod. Mfg. p. 
49, PI. Asso. p. 370 
S. No. 234 
Alps, Geo. p. 23 

S. No. 427, 428, 440 to 449 
Altitude, Zones p. 118 
Altitude & Effect on Life, pp. 109 

to 120 
" A man's a man for a' that " — 

Burns, Lit. Sub. p. 248 
Americans, Citizens, Com. Civ. 

p. 205 
American History, Foreign Begin- 
nings, pp. 151 to 158 
American Nation, Foundations, pp. 

159 to 164 
America of Today — Our Re- 
sources — Preparedness 
pp. 179 to 189 
America — -Smith, Lit. Sub. p. 252, 

Read. p. 609 
America — Spanish, Geo. pp. 17, 
18, 19, 20, Dev. Na. p. 173 
S. No. 280 to 341 
Among the Icebergs, Lit. Sub. p. 

254 
Amsterdam, Geo. p. 22, Trans, p. 
79, Cities p. 226 . 
S. No. 399 



664 



INDEX 



Amulius, Lit. Sub. p. 257 
Amundsen, Roald, Geo. p. 20 

S. No. 346 
Andersen, Hans Christian, Read. 

p. 610 
Andes, Mountains, Geo. p. 19 

S. No. 321 to 323, 329, 330 
Andrews, Jane, Read. p. 611 
Androclus and the Lion, Lit. Sub. 

p. 254, Read. p. 609 
Angelo, Michael, See Michel- 
angelo, Biog. p. 302 
S. No. 450, 451 
Angelus, The, Lit. Sub. p. 254 
Angus, Aberdeen, An. Hus. p. 336 

S. No. 370 
Animals, pp. 377 to 386, Draw. p. 
515, Children pp. 584, 591, 
PI. & An. p. 598 
S. No. 2, 110, 118, 138, 172, 
173, 188, 189, 232, 335, 
345, 364, 411, 413, 505, 
509, 549, 565, 588 
Animal Husbandry, pp. 335 to 340 
Animals & Plants, pp. 595 to 604 
Animal, Transportation, Trans, p. 

75 
Antarctic, Geo. p. 20 

S. No. 344 to 346 
Anthony, Mark, Biog. p. 294 
Anthracite, Geo. p. 7, Prod. Mfg. 
p. 56, Dev. Na. p. 175, hid. 
Sup. Home p. 406 
S. No. 74 to 79 
Antwerp, Geo. p. 22, Cities p. 238 

S. No. 396 
Apartment Houses, House Dsn. p. 
520 
S. No. 462 
Aphrodite, Lit. Sub. p. 256 
Appalachians, Geo. p. 8 

S. No. 102, 103 
Apple, The — Burroughs, Lit. Sub. 

p. 248 
Apples, Geo. pp. 6, 12, Prod. Mfg. 
p. 48, Dev. Na. p. 171, PI. 
Asso. p. 370, Food & 
Ckry. p. 417, PI. & An. p. 
595, Eat & Wear, p. 630 
S. No. 44, 175 
Apollo, Lit. Sub. p. 256 
Apron, Cos. Dsn. p. 536 

S. No. 396, 418 
Arabs, Cos. Dsn. p. 537, Read. p. 
609 



S. No. 494, 555, 560, 562 to 
566 

Arab's Farewell to His Steed, The, 

Lit. Sub. p. 254 
Arbitration, Govt. p. 201 
Arch, Ind. Dsn. p. 444, Arct. pp. 

448, 454, 464, Con. Stone 

B. & T. p. 486 
S. No. 174, 260, 348, 384, 

392, 397, 425, 450 to 452, 

456, 524, 557 
Architect, Voc. Guid. p. 397 
Architectural Composition, Arct. p. 

450 
Architectural " Orders," Arct. p. 

451 
Architectural Photography, Photo. 

p. 550 
Architecture, pp. 447 to 468, House 

Dsn. p. 518 
Architecture, Domestic, Arct. p. 

458 
Architecture, History, Arct. p. 447 
Architecture, Industrial Design, 

pp. 437 to 468 
Architecture, Styles, Arct. p. 448 
Arctic circle, Geo. pp. 15, 20, An. 

pp. 382, 385, Cos. Dsn. p. 

540 
S. No. 246, 342, 343, 413 to 

415 
Arctic Forests, PI. Asso. p. 372 

S. No. 244, 413 
Arctic Snows, PI. Asso. p. 372 
S. No. 243, 342, 345, 346 
Arequipa, Peru, Geo. p. 19 

S. No. 329 
Ares, Lit. Sub. p. 256 
Argentina, Geo. p. 18, Pol. Geo. p. 

124, Read. p. 620 
S. No. 314 to 321 
Argonauts, Lit. Sub. p. 257 
Aristides, Biog. p. 294 
Aristotle, Biog. p. 294 
Arithmetic, Visualized Prob- 
lems, pp. 557 to 578 
Arithmetic — Correlation, Vis. 

Prob. pp. 558, 567 
Arizona, Geo. p. 13, Ntl. F. pp. 98, 

99, Read. p. 617 
S. No. 206 to 210 
Arkansas, Geo. p. 9 

S. No. 118 
Armada, Spanish, Pol. Geo. p. 

127 



INDEX 



665 



Armour, Philip D., Biog. p. 281 
Arnold, Benedict, Lit. Sub. p. 254, 

Biog. p. 281 
Arno River, Geo. p. 24 

S. No. 456 
Aroostook, Me., Read. p. 614 
Arrangement, Arct. p. 450 
Art & Domestic Science, p. 403 
Arts, Domestic, p. 403, Ind. Sup. 
Home, pp. 405 to 408, 
Food & Ckry. pp. 409 to 
420, Tex. & CI. pp. 421 to 
429, House Adm. pp. 431 
to 433 
Arts, Fine, p. 507, Drazv. pp. 509 to 
5\5, House D'sn. pp. 517 to 
541, Photo, pp. 543 to 556 
Arts, Industrial, p. 435, Ind. Dsn. 
pp. 437 to 468, Wood pp. 
469 to 473, Metals pp. 475 
to 481, Con. Stone B. & 
T. pp. 483 to 489, hoc. hid. 
pp. 491 to 499 
Artemis, Lit. Sub. p. 258 
Ash, Wood p. 470 

S. No. 369 
" A ship, a ship a-sailing," Read. p. 
610 
S. No. 27, 525 
Asia, Geo. p. 25, Children p. 587, 
Read. p. 624, Trav. & Lee. 
p. 657 
S. No. 489 to 554 
Asia Minor, Geo. p. 25, For. Beg. 
p. 153, Trav. & Lee. p. 657 
S. No. 489, 490, 491 
Asphalt, Prod. Mfg. p. 57 

S. No. 48, 316 
Assuan, Geo. p. 29 

S. No. 569 
Association, Plant pp. 365 to 375 
Astronomical Geography, Geo. p. 
30, Earth N. pp. 141 to 148 
S. No. 593 to 600 
Astronomical Photography, Photo. 
p. 556 
S. No. 593 to 600 
Athens, Geo. p. 25, For. Beg. p. 
153, Read. p. 624 
S. No. 475, 476 
Atlantic City, Com. Civ. p. 204, 
Hyg. p. 501 
S. No. 60 
Atmosphere, Ntl. F. p. 98 
Atwood, W- W., pp. xxvii, 97 



Auckland, Geo. p. 30 

S. No. 591 
Augustus, Caius Julius Caesar Oc- 

tavianus, Biog. p. 294 
Auld Lang Syne — Burns, Lit. 

Sub. p. 248 
Australia. Geo. p. 30. Pol. Geo. pp. 
128, 129, House Dsn. p. 
520, Read. p. 627, Trav. & 
Lee. p. 657 
S. No. 585 to 589 
Australia & Islands, Geo. p. 30 

S. No. 585 to 592 
Australians, Peo. p. 40 

S. No. 585, 590 
Australia — South, Pol. Geo. p. 129 

S. No. 588 
Austria, Geo. p. 24, Pol. Geo. p. 
137, House Dsn. p. 520, 
Read. p. 623 
S. No. 460 to 466 
Authors, Lit. Sub. pp. 247 to 255 
Automobile, Geo. p. 11, Prod. Mfg. 
p. 62, Trans, p. 86, Dev. 
Na. p. 176, Farm H. & F. 
L. p. 361, Voc. Guid. p. 
396, Loc. Ind. n. 494 
S. No. 31, 109, 122, 126, 150, 
152, 167, 229, 230, 305, 
315, 316 
Avon River, Geo. p. 20 

S. No. 356 
Awnings, Tex. & CI. p. 427 

S. No. ICO, 213, 406, 535 
Ayr, Scotland, Geo. p. 21 

S. No. 372 
Ayrshire, cattle, Geo. p. 21 

S. No. 371 
Aztecs, Geo. p. 17 
S. No. 282 



B 



Babies, Children pp. 587, 588 

S. No. 6, 158, 204, 328, 338, 

455, 534 
Bacchus, Lit. Sub. p. 256 
Bacon, Sir Francis, Biog. p. 295 
Bagley, William C, pp. ix, xxv, 

xl, 579 
Bahia, Brazil, Geo. p. 18 

S. No. 304 
Baker, Franklin Thomas, pp. 

xxxi, 243, 245 
Balance, Ind. Dsn. p. 440 



666 



INDEX 



Balboa, F. Am. Na. p. 163, Am. 
Today p. 189, Biog. pp. 
281, 295 
Balconies, House Dsn. pp. 527, 528 

S. No. 306, 312, 336, 445 
Balfe, J. W., Lit. Sub. p. 255 
Balfour, Sir Arthur James, Biog. 

p. 295 
Baltimore, Geo. p. 8 

S. No. 86 
Bamboo, Geo. pp. 27, 28, IVood p. 
470 
S. No. 514, 531, 534, 538, 546, 
550 
Banana, Geo. p. 17, Prod. Mfg. p. 
48, PL Asso. pp. 365, 370, 
Pood & Ckry. p. 417, PI. 
& An. p. 595, Eat & 
Wear p. 630 
S. No. 259, 294, 297, 302, 570, 
575 
Bancroft, George, Biog. p. 281 
Bannockburn — Burns, Lit. Sub. p. 

248 
Barcelona, Geo. p. 23, For. Beg. p. 
158 
S. No. 433 
Barefoot Boy, The — Whittier, 

Lit. Sub. p. 253 
Barges, 

S. No. 61, 267, 429 
Bark Cloth, Geo. p. 29, Prod. Mfg. 
pp. 53, 69, Tex. & CI. pp. 
423, 425 
S. No. 570 
Barley, Prod. Mfg. pp. 46, 65, 
Farm C. p. 322, Eat & 
Wear p. 632 
S. No. 199, 410, 566 
Barns, 

S. No. 57, 159, 165, 185, 236 
Barranquilla, Geo. p. 19, Zones p. 
110, Cities p. 225, hid. 
Dsn. p. 446, Arct. p. 452 
S. No. 337 
Basaltic Formation 
S. No. 51, 382 
Baskets, Arct. p. 468 

S. No. 17, 108, 177, 263, 375, 
378, 409, 423, 437, 530, 
548, 572 
Bathing, Geo. pp. 7, 26 

S. No. 60, 501 
Battlefields, Famous, Geo. pp. 7, 9, 
22 



S. No. 73, 114, 397 

Battleships, Trans, p. 83 

S. No. 100, 242, 254 
Bavaria, Geo. p. 22 

S. No. 388 
Bayly, Lit. Sub. p. 255 
Bays, Ntl. F. p. 104 

S. No. 248, 492, 527 
Beaches, Geo. pp. 7, 23, 27, Ntl. F. 
p. 103 
S. No. 13, 60, 430, 432, 439, 
531 
Bead-work, Cos. Dsn. p. 541 
S. No. 98, 168, 182, 265 
Beans, Prod. Mfg. p. 47 

S. No. 562 
Beard,, Daniel Carter, pp. xxxv, 387 
Beaver Dam, An. p. 384, PL & An. 
p. 598 
S. No. 196 
Beef, Prod. Mfg. p. 50, Children 
p. 591, Eat & Wear p. 634 
S. No. 127, 140, 141, 185, 186, 
301, 317, 358, 370, 580 
Beet, Geo. p. 13, Prod. Mfg. p. 47, 
PL Asso. p. 371 
S. No. 198, 270, 271, 419 
Beet sugar — See Sugar Beet 

S. No. 270, 271 
Beethoven, Ludwig van, Biog. p. 

295 
Being a Boy — Warner, Lit. Sub. 

p. 253 
Beirut, Syria, Geo. p. 26, For. Beg. 
p. 152 
S. No. 492 
Belfast, Geo. p. 21 

S. No. 381 
Belgica Antarctic Expedition 

S. No. 344, 345 
Belgium, Geo. p. 22, Pol. Geo, p. 
133, Children p. 586, Read. 
p. 621, Eat & Wear p. 631 
S. No. 395 to 398 
Belgrade, Serbia, Geo. p. 24 

S. No. 467 
Bellerophon, Lit. Sub. p. 257 
Bells, Arct. p. 468, Metals p. 480 

S. No. 71, 80, 241, 484 
Bells of Shandon, Lit. Sub. p. 254 
Bells, The, Lit. Sub. p. 254 
Benares, Geo. p. 26, Trans, p. 80, 
Cities pp. 232, 235, 238, 
242, Arct. p. 459 
§. No- 501 



INDEX 



667 



Ben Hur, Lit. Sub. p. 254 
Beppu, Japan, Geo. p. 27 

S. No. 531 
Berlin, Geo. p. 21. Read. p. 622 

S. No. 383, 384 
Bettws-y-Coed, Wales, Geo. p. 21 

S. No. 363 
Beverages, Prod. Mfg. p. 49 

S. No. 285, 287, 295, 302, 303, 
310, 311, 373, 468, 521, 
530, 534 
Bible, Lit. Sub. p. 247 
Big trees, PI. Asso. p. 369, Wood 
p. 471 
S. No. 224, 229 
Bingen on the Rhine — Norton, 
Geog. p. 22, Lit. Sub. p. 
251 
Biography — The New World, 

pp. 279 to 294 
Biography — The Old World, 

pp. 294 to 308 
Birch, PI. Asso. p. 370 Wood p. 
470 
S. No. 1, 162 
Birch Bark 

S. No. 169, 263 
Birds, Prod. Mfg. p.' 67, An. p. 385, 
Children p. 590 
S. No. 56, 239, 240, 583, 584 
Bismarck-Schonhausen, von, 

Prince Otto Edward Leo- 
pold, Biog. p. 295 
Bison, Geo. p. 14, Prod. Mfg. p. 
51, An. p. 380, PI. & An. 
p. 599 
S. No. 232 
Bitting, Harry S., pp. xxxviii, 475 
Black Beauty, Read. p. 609 
Black Race, Peo. p. 43 

S. No. 115, 117, 118, 119, 338, 
570, 572. 577, 578, 579, 
581, 592 
Blaine, Tames G., Biog. p. 282 
Blake. Wm., Read. p. 610 
Blanching Celery 

S. No. 149 
Blankets, Tex. & CI. p. 427, Cos. 
Dsn. p. 541 
S. No. 158, 188, 204, 281 
Blarney Castle, Geo. p. 21 

S. No. 376 
Blast Furnace 
S. No. 62 
Bloomfield, Myer, pp. xxxv, 393 



Blooming Mill 
S. No. 66 
" Blow, wind, blow ; and go, mill, 

go." Read. p. 609 
Blue and the Gray, The, Lit. Sub. 

p. 254 
Blue Bells of Scotland, The, Lit. 

^ Sub. p. 255 
Blue Gum. See Eucalyptus 
Blue Ridge, Geo. p. 8, Read. p. 613 

S. No. 102 
Boats, Trans, pp. 78, 79, 80. 
Arct. p. 466, Draw. p. 515 
S. No. 26, 27, 32, 39, 48, 52, 
100, 106, 119, 154, 217, 
253, 254, 280, 326, 386, 
396, 415, 430, 459, 511, 
514, 546, 559 
Bohemia, Geo. p. 24, Ntl. F. p. 
100, Pol. Geo. p. 137, 
Arch. pp. 461, 462, Draiv- 
ing p. 510 
S. No. 463 
Bolivar, Simon, Biog. p. 282 
Bolivia, Geo. p. 19 

S. No. 335 
Bonn, Ger., Geo. p. 22 

S. No. 392 
Boots, Leather, Prod. Mfg. p. 69. 

S. No. 161 
Boots, Rubber, Geo. p. 10, Prod. 
Mfg. p. 53? Eat & Wear 
p. 639 
S. No. 42, 46, 75, 130, 133, 
161, 227 
Borden, Right Honorable Robert 

. Laird, Biog. p. 282 
Bosnia, Geo. p. 24, Pol. Geo. p. 137 

S. No. 466 
Bosporus, The, Geo. p. 25 

S. No. 489 
Boston, Geo. p. 5, Com. Civ. p. 203, 
Read. p. 614 
S. No. 6 to 8 
Botany (see PI. Asso.) 
Box tree, PI. Asso. p. 370 

S. No. 379 
Boys' & Girls' Clubs, Vis. Prob. p. 

562 
Boys & Girls of Japan, Read. p. 
610 
S. No. 530, 532, 534, 535 
Boy, The Barefoot — Whittier, 
Lit. Sub. p. 253 
S. No. 488 



668 



INDEX 



Brace, Geo. M., pp. xxxvii, 469 
Brackets, Arct. p. 456 

S. No. 260, 376 
Brass, Prod. Mfg. p. 58 

S. No. 92. 94, 352, 49* 
Brazil, Geo. p. 18, Pol. Geo. p. 124, 
Children p. 585, Read. p. 
620 
S. No. 304 to 311 
Bread, Eat & Wear p. 631 

S. No. 341, 410 
Break, Break, Break — Tennyson, 

Read. p. 609 
Breakwaters 

S. No. 256, 374, 430, 492, 499, 
556 
Breathing, Hyg. p. 504 
Brick, pp. 483 to 489, Home Geo. p. 
644 
S. No. 6, 8, 32. 138, 152, 282, 
398, 400, 524 
Bridges, Geo. pp. 6, 12, 21, 22, 23, 
24, 25, 26, 29, Prod. Mfg. 
p. 71, Trans, p. 85, Cities 
p. 227, hid. Dsn. pp. 440, 
444, Arct. p. 464, Metals p. 
479. Con. Stone B. & T. 
p. 486 
S. No. 27, 61, 348, 366, 
379, 391, 392, 442, 456, 
470, 472, 500 
Brigs of Ayr, The — Burns, Lit. 

Sub. p. 248 
British Columbia, Geo. p. 16 

S. No. 274 to 277 
British Empire, Pol. Geo. p. 125 
British Isles, For. Beg. p. 155, 
Children p. 586, Trav. & 
Lee. p. 656 
S. No. 347 to 382 
Broadway, Geo. p. 6 

S.. No. 30 
Bronchos, 

S. No. 182, 186, 188 
Bronze, Prod. Mfg. p. 58 

S. No. 71, 80, 241, 484 
Brooks, Phillips, Biog. p. 282 
Brook, The — Tennyson, Lit. Sub. 

p. 253 
Browning, Robert, Biog. p. 295 
Brown, John, Dev. Na. p. 169 
Bruce, Robert, Biog. p. 295, Read. 
p. 610 
S. No. 367 



Brussels, Geo. p. 22, Com. Civ. p. 
203 
S. No. 395 
Brutus, Marcus Junius, Biog. p. 

295 
Bryant, William Gullen, Lit. Sub. 

p. 247 
Bryan, William Jennings, Geo. p. 
12. Biog. p. 282 
S. No. 181 
Brvce, James, Viscount, Biog. p. 

295 
Budapest. Geo. p. 24 

S. No. 464 
Buddha, see Gautama, Biog. p. 

298 
Buddhists, Pol. Geo. p. 129 

S. No. 501 
Buenos Aires, Geo. p. 18 

S. No. 314, 315, 316 
Buffalo, Trans, p. 77, An. p. 380 
PI. & An. p. 599 
S. No. 474, 491, 549 
Buffalo, N. Y., Geo. p. 6, Trans 
pp. 80, 81 
S. No. 48 
Bugle Song — Tennyson, Lit. Sub 

p. 253 
Building Material, Home Geo. pp 

643, 649 
Buildings, Arct. pp. 462, 465, Con 
Stone B. & T. p. 485 
Factory, Arct. p. 450 
Historic, Cities p. 222, Arct. p 
461 
S. No. 6, 7, 8, 29, 87, 90, 91 
93, 95, 349, 425 
Primitive, Arct. p. 447 

S. No. 113, 205, 281, 298, 331 
409, 549, 550 
Public, Cities p. 234, Arct. p 

457 
Religious, Arct. p. 459 

S. No. 324, 350, 425, 451, 458 
495, 501, 503 
Bulgaria, Geo. p. 24, Children p 
587, Read. p. 623 
S. No. 468, 469 
Bnllen, Lit. Sub. p. 254 
Burdens on Back, Trans, p. 74 

S. No. 243, 328, 449, 507, 530 
532, 542, 543 
Burdens in Hand, Trans, p. 74 

§. No. 46, 47, 69, 182, 258, 
.516, 531, 544, 555 



INDEX 



669 



Burdens on Head, Trans, p. 74 

S. No. 257, 437, 542, 564, 572, 
578 

Burdens on Shoulders, Trans, p. 
74 
S. No. 108, 175, 266, 327, 487, 
494, 513, 585 

Bureau of Fisheries, Govt. p. 200 
Bureau of Standards, Govt. p. 200 
Burgos, Geo. p. 23 

S. No. 434 
Burke, Edmund, Biog. p. 295 
Burma, Geo. p. 26, Pol. Geo. p. 129, 

Read. p. 625 
S. No. 509 
Burns, Robert, Geo. p. 21, Lit. Sub. 

p. 248, Biog. p. 295 
S. No. 372 
Burro, See Donkey 
Burroughs, John, Lit. Sub. p. 248 
Business, Com. Civ. pp. 207, 209 
Business Letters, Eng. Conip. p. 

264 
Butler, Benjamin Franklin, Biog. 

p. 282 
Butte, Mont., Com. Civ. p. 204 
Butter, Geo. p. 6, Children p. 591, 

Eat & Wear p. 632 
S. No. 45 
Buttresses, Arct. p. 456 
Byron, Lord George Gordon, Lit. 

Sub. p. 248, Biog. p. 296 
Bvzantine Architecture, Arct. p. 

448 



Cabbage, Prod. Mfg. p. 47 

S. No. 469, 375 
Cabin, Uncle Tom's, Lit. Sub. p. 

255 
Cabinet, The U. S., Pol. Geo. p. 
123, Dev. Na. p. 166, Govt. 
p. 196 
S. No. 92 
Cables, Metals p. 480 

S. No. 27, 379 
Cabot, John, F. Ain. Na. p. 162 
Cacao, Geo. p. 18, Prod. Mfg. p. 49, 
PI. Asso. p. 370, Food & 
Ckrv. p. 418, Eat & Wear 
p. 632 
S. No. 303 
Cactus, Geo. pp. 13, 14, PI. Asso. p. 
370, PL & An. p. 595 
S. No. 209, 235 



Caesar, Caius Julius, Biog. p. 296 
Cairo, Geo. p. 29, Pol. Geo. p. 130, 
Cities pp. 222, 229 
S. No. 560 
Calcutta, India, Geo. p. 26 

S. No. 500 
Calhoun, John C, Dev. Na. p. 165, 

Biog. p. 282 
California, Geo. p. 14 
S. No. 228 to 242 
Call of the Wild, The, Lit. Sub. p. 

254 
Calvin, John, Biog. p. 296 
Camel, Trans, p. 77, An. p. 381, 
Tex. & CI. p. 424, PI. & 
An. p. 599 
S. No. 504, 564, 565, 518 
Canada, Geo. p. 16, Pol. Geo. pp. 
128, 129, House Dsn. p. 
523, Trav. & Lee. p. 655 
S. No. 262 to 277 
Canals, Geo. pp. 6, 11, 15, 22, Prod. 
Mfg. p. 71, Trans, p. 79, 
Dev. Na. pp. 173, 174 
S. No. 48, 154, 251, 252, 253, 
254, 256, 293, 399, 400, 
457, 462, 559 
Cane Sugar, See Sugar Cane 

S. No. 34, 35 
Cannas, PI. Asso. p. 371 

S. No. 91 
Cannes, Geo. p. 23, Zones p. 113 

S. No. 430 
Cannon, Metals p. 480 
S. No. 39, 73, 254 
Cantaloupe, Geo. p. 6, PI. Asso. p. 
371, Food & Ckry. p. 418 
S. No. 47 
Canton, Geo. p. 27, Trans, p. 81, 
Mkts. p. 90 
S. No. 514 
Canyon, Geo. p. 13 

S. No. 202, 208 
Cape Colony, Geo. p. 29, Pol. Geo. 
p. 128 
S. No. 582 to 584 
•Capes, Nil. F. p. 103 
S. No. 248, 414 
Cape Town, Geo. p. 29, Read. p. 
627 
S. No. 582 
Capitol, U. S., Dev. Na. p. 165 

S. No. 87 
Captains Courageous — Kipling, 
Lit. Sub. p. 249 



670 



INDEX 



Carabao, See Buffalo 
Caracas, Geo. p. 20 
S. No. 340, 341 
Caravan, Geo. pp. 27, 29, Trans. 
p. 77 
S. No. 518, 567 
Carding, Tex. & CI. pp. 425, 426, 
£a* 6- JFrar p. 637 
S. No. 286, 409 
Carlstein Castle, Geo. p. 24, Ntl. 
F. p. 100, Cities p. 223, 
Q/h. 0;r//. & IV. p. 333, 
^4rcA. pp. 461, 462, Drain- 
ing p. 510 
S. No. 463 
Carlyle. Thomas, Biog. p. 296 
Carnegie, Andrew, Biog. p. 282 
Carpenter's Geographical Readers, 

Read. p. 613 
Carriages, Trans, p. 76 

S. No. 312, 349, 383, 424, 472, 
547 
Carrier, Trans, p. 73 

S. No. 27, 43, 246, 396, 449, 
518, 548, 578, 580 
Cartier, Jacques, For. Beg. p. 157, 

F. Am. Na. p. 163 
Cashmere, See Kashmir 
Castles, Arct. p. 461, House Dsn. 
p. 524 
S. No. 376, 432, 451, 463 
Cathedrals, Geo. pp. 21, 22, 23, 
Com. Civ. p. 204, Arct. p. 
459 
S. No. 360, 387, 425, 429, 434, 
451, 458 
Cato, Marcus Porcius, Biog. p. 

296 
Cattle, Beef, Prod. Mfg. p. 66, Dev. 
Na. p. 171, An. p. 379, 
Tex. & CI. p. 424, hoc. 
Ind. p. 497, Photo pp. 544, 
549, 550 
S. No. 127, 140, 185, 186, 301, 
317, 358, 370 
Cattle, Dairy, Prod. Mfg. p. 50, 
An. p. 379, Tex. & CI. p.. 
424, Loc. Ind. p. 497 
S. No. 57, 159, 165, 339, 356, 
364, 371 
Cattle, Draft. An. p. 380 

S. No. 298, 474, 549, 580 
Caucasian Race, Peo. pp. 32 to 40 
S. No. 3, 5, 69, 94, 235, 266, 
306, 355, 378, 390, 396, 



402, 409, 455, 471, 487, 
490 

Causeway, Giant's, Geo. p. 21 

S. No. 382 
Celery, Geo. p. 11, Eat & Wear p. 
636 
S. No. 149 
Celts. Peo. p. 36 

S. No. 366, 373, 378, 443 
Census Office, Govt. p. 200 
Center of Interest, Photo, p. 545 
Central Africa, Children p. 589 
Central America, Geo. p. 17, Pol. 
Geo. p. 124, Children p. 
585, Read. p. 619 
S. No. 291 to 294 
Century Plant, Zones p. 112, PI. 
Asso. p. 371 
S. No. 37, 57, 285, 287, 289 
Ceres, Lit. Sub. p. 256 
Ceylon, Geo. p. 26, Peo. p. 39, 
House Dsn. p. 521, Cos. 
Dsn. p. 537, Read. p. 628 
S. No. 511, 512 
Chase, Edith P., pp. xxxvi, 421 
Chains, Metals p. 480 

S. No. 75, 471 
Chairs, Arct. p. 466, House Dsn. 
pp. 526, 530 
S. No. 33, 89, 92, 352, 373, 
417, 448, 532 
Chamberlain, James F., pp. xxviii, 

141 
Chamberlain, Joseph, Biog. p. 296 
Chamonix, Geo. p. 23 
S. No. 427, 428 
Champlain, Samuel de, For. Beg. p. 
157, F. Am. Na. p. 163, 
Biog. p. 282 
Champs des Elysees, Geo. p. 23, 
For. Beg. p. 157, Cities 
pp. 221, 226, Biog. p. 301, 
Arct. p. 465, House Dsn. 
p. 523 
S. No. 422 
Chancellor, WilKam Estabrook, pp. 

xxxii, 269 
Chapultepec, Geo. p. 17 

S. No. 283 
Charcoal, Geo. p. 8, Prod. Mfg. p. 
60, Am. Today p. 183, 
Food & Ckry. p. 410, 
Wood p. 472 
S. No. 103, 543 



INDEX 



671 



Charles VIII (France), Biog. p. 

296 
Charles XII (Sweden), Biog. p. 

296 
Charlemagne, Biog. p. 296 
Chemical Elements, Action of, Ntl. 

F. p. 98 
Chemistry, Voc. Gaid. p. 398 
Chephren, Biog. p. 296 
Cherry, Flowering, PI. Asso. p. 370 

S. No. 534 
Chestnut, Prod. Mfg. p. 49, PL 
Asso. p. 370, Wood p. 470 
S. No. 70 
Chicago, Geo. p. 10, Com. Civ. p. 
204, Read. p. 617 
S. No. 139 to 144 
Chickens. Geo. p. 7, Prod. Mfg. p. 
51, An. Has. p. 339, An. 
p. 386, PI. & An. p. 599, 
Read. p. 610, Eat & Wear 
p. 634, Home Geo. pp. 644, 
649 
S. No. 56, 338 
Chifn, Geo. p. 27 

S. No. 521 
Childe Harold's Pilgrimage — 

Byron, Lit. Sub. p. 248 
Children p. 589 

Children at Play, Children pp. 582, 
589 
S. No. 60, 72, 290, 336, 338, 
339, 402, 435, 471, 488 
Children, Farm, Farm H. & F. L. 
p. 357 
S. No. 72, 83, 236, 487, 488, 
522 
Children of the World, pp. 581 to 

594 
Children's Bureau, Govt. p. 200 
Children's Clothes, Cos. Dsn. p. 
534 
S. No. 72, 260, 292, 306, 343, 
465, 520, 532 
Children, The — Longfellow, Lit. 
Sub. p. 250, Read. p. 609 
S. No. 72 
Child's Garden of Verses, A, 

Read. p. 606 
Chile, Geo. p. 19, Pol. Geo. p. 125, 
Read. p. 619 
S. No. 322 to 328 
Chilkoot Pass, Geo. p. 15 

S. No. 243 
Chimneys, House Dsn. p. 518 



S. No. 9, 187, 354, 355, 372, 
373 

China. See Pottery 
China, Pol. Geo. p. 138, House 
Dsn. p. 521, Children p. 
588, Read, p, 625, Trav. & 
Lee. p. 657 
S. No. 513 to 524 
China and Manchuria, Geo. p. 26 

S. No. 513 to 524 
Chinese, Pco. p. 40, Dev. Na. p. 
169 
S. No. 227, 519, 520, 521 
Chinese Architecture, Arct. pp. 
449, 453 
S. No. 520, 521 
Chinese Stories, Lit. Sub. p. 254, 

Read. p. 610 
Chinkiang, Geo. p. 27 

S. No. 515 
Chippendale, Houise Dsn. p. 530 

S. No. 33 
Chocolate, Geo. p. 18, Food & 
Ckry. p. 418, Children p. 
590, Eat & Wear p. 632 
S. No. 303 
Choosing a Farm, Farm M. p. 343 
Chosen (Korea), Geo. p. 28, House 
Dsn. p. 522, Read. p. 625 
S. No. 542, 543 
Churches, Com. Civ. p. 204, Arct. 
p. 460 
S. No. 6, 29, 406, 451, 458 
Cicero, Marcus Tullius, Biog. p. 

296 
Circle, Draw. p. 509 
Cities, Dev. Na. pp. 167, 168, 172, 
Govt. p. 192, Com. Civ. p. 
213, Cities p. 220 
S. No. 25, 26, 61, 93, 121, 139, 
152, 167, 220, 230 
Cities of the World, The, pp. 219 

to 242 
Cities, Religious, Cities p. 241 
Cities, Size, Cities p. 238 
Cities, Types, Cities p. 237 
City Hall, Geo. p. 6 

S. No. 28 
City Homes, Arct. p. 460 

S. No. 264, 389, 434, 455, 4S7 
City Making, Cities p. 220 
City Plans, Cities p. 224 
Civic Beauty, Com. Civ. p. 211, 

Arct. p. 465 
Civil Service, Voc. Guid. p. 400 



672 



INDEX 



Civil War, Dev. Na. p. 168, Am. 

Today p. 179 
S. No. 73 
Clav, Con. Stone B. & T. pp. 488, 

489 
S. No. 581 
Clav, Henrv. Dev. Na. p. 165, Biog. 

p. "283 
Cleanliness, Com. Civ. p. 206, Hyg. 

p. 505 
Clearing Land, Soils p. 315 

S. No. 224 
Cleopatra, Biog. p. 296 
Clerks, Home Geo. p. 648 
Cleveland, Grover, Biog. p. 283 
Cliff Dwellings, Geo. p. 13, Home 

Geo. p. 642 
S. No. 205 
Cliffs. Sea, Ntl. F. p. 103 

S. No. 432, 439 
Climate, Farm M. p. 345 
Clothes, Working, Cos. Dsn. p. 533 
S. No. 15, 40, 42, 44, 75, 130, 

227 243 
Clothing, pp. 637 to 639, Prod. 

Mfg. p. 52, Tex. & CI. pp. 

426, 428, Wood p. 472, 

Children p. 594, Eat & 

Wear p. 637, Home Geo. 

pp. 645, 646, 650 
S. No. 146, 551, 552, 566, 570, 

585 
Clothing & Textiles, pp. 421 to 429 
Clothing, Modern, Tex. & CI. p. 

428 
Cloud, The, Lit. Sub. p. 254 
Clouds, Earth N. p. 142 

S. No. 102, 264, 276, 282, 441, 

442, 451, 452, 508, 525 
Clubs, Boys' Pig, Vis. Prob. p. 566 

S. No. 183 
Clubs, Canning, Vis. Prob. p. 564 
Clubs, Poultry, Vis. Prob. p. 565 
Coal, Food & Ckry. p. 410, Loc. 

hid. p. 491, Read. p. 616, 

Home Geo. pp. 646, 650 
Coal, Anthracite, Geo. p. 7, Prod. 

Mfg. pp. 56, 63, Dev. Na. 

pp. 167, 170, Am. Today 

p. 184 
S. No. 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79 
Coal, Bituminous, Prod. Mfg. p. 

56 
S. No. 61, 129 
Coastal Plains, Ntl. F. p. 105 



S. No. 104, 105, 108, 122, 289, 
399 

Coast Forms. Ntl. F. p. 103 
Coast Guard, The, Lit. Sub. p. 

254 
Coblenz, Geo. p. 22, Prod. Mfg. 
p. 70, Cities p. 222, Dev. 
Na. p. 75, House Adm. p. 
432, Arch. p. 446, hid. 
Dsn. p. 468, Con. Stone 
B. & T. p. 385 
S. No. 385 
Cochel, W. A., pp. xxxiv, 335 
Cocoa, Prod. Mfg. p. 49, Food & 
Ckrv. p. 418, PI. & An. 
p. 595, Eat & Wear p. 
632, Home Geo. p. 644 
S. No. 303 
Coconuts, Prod. Mfg. p. 49, 
Food & Ckrv. n. 416 
S. No. 551, 249, 259 
Cocoons, Prod. Mfg. p. 54. Tex. 
& CI. p. 425, Eat & 
Wear p. 63S 
S. No. 536. 539, 540 
Codfish, Prod. Mfg. p. 51, An. p. 
385, Ph. & An. p. 600, 
Read. p. 618, Eat & Wear 
p. 635 
S. No. 13 
Cofa Bridge, Geo. p. 19 

S. No'. 330 
Coffee, Geo. pp. 17, 18, 24, Prod. 
Mfg. p. 49, PI. Asso. p. 
370. Food &'Ckry. p. 418, 
Children p. 590, PI. & An. 
p. 596, Eat & Wear p. 632, 
Home Geo. p. 644 
S. No. 302, 310, 311, 295, 468 
Cohesion, hid. Dsn. p. 437 
Coke, Geo. p. 7, Prod. Mfg. p. 56. 
Am. Today p. 183, Food 
& Ckry. p.- 410, Home 
Geo. p. 646 
S. No. 62, 68 
Colesworthy, Lit. Sub. p. 254 
Collars, Geo. p. 6 

S. No. 40 
Collective Industries, Prod. Mfg. 

p. 62 
Cologne, Geo. p. 22 

S. No. 393 
Colombia, Geo. p. 19, Read. p. 619 
S. No. 337 



INDEX 



673 



Colonial Houses, House Dsn. p. 
529 
S : No. 9, 10, 37, 90, 91, 96 

Colonies: 
Dutch, Pol. Geo. p. 133 
English, Pol. Geo. pp. 129, 130 
French, Pol. Geo. p. 132 
German, Pol. Geo. p. 137 
Colorado, Geo. p. 13, Dev. Na. p. 
168, Metals, 476 
S. No. 198 to 205 
Colosseum, Rome, Geo p. 24 

S. No. 452 
Columbia River, Geo. p. 14, Read. 
p. 617 
S. No. 215, 223, 226 
Columbus, Christopher, Pol. Geo. 
p. 126, F. Am. Na. p. 162, 
Biog. pp. 283, 296 
Columns, Arct. p. 455 

S. No. 8, 87, 89, 90, 91, 92, 
340, 450, 460, 478 
Comet, Geo. p. 30, Earth N. p. 147 

S. No. 600 
Commerce, Dep't, Govt. p. 199, 

Home Geo. pp. 647, 651 
Community, Coin. Civ. p. 203 
Community Civics, pp. 203 to 

217 
Como, Lake, Geo. p. 24 

S. No. 459 
Composition, Eng. Comp. p. 259 

1. Giving Accurate Information, 

Eng. Comp. p. 260 

2. Comparative and General 

Studies, Eng. Comp. p. 261 

3. Studies of Vocations, Eng. 

Comp. p. 262 

3. Recreations, Eng. Comp. p. 

262 

4. Discussion, Eng. Comp. p. 262 

5. Story, Eng. Comp. p. 263 

6. Putting Your Reader There, 

Eng. Comp. p. 264 

7. Hiking Reports, Eng. Comp. 

p. 264 

8. Business Letters, Eng. Comp. 

p. 264 
Composition, Arct. p. 450, Photo. 

p. 544 
Composition, English, pp. 259 to 

268 
Comstock, Anna Botsford, pp. 

xl, 595 
Concrete, Am. Today p. 186, Con. 



Stone B. & T. pp. 483, 
487, House Dsn. p. 528 
S. No. 123, 154, 170, 171, 210, 
252, 253 
Concrete, Stone, Brick & Tile, 

pp. 483 to 489 
Concreteness in Education, p. ix 
Confucius, Biog. p. 297 
Congress, Geo. p. 8, Pol. Geo. p. 
123 
S. No. 88 
Conifers, PI. Asso. pp. 366, 369 

S. No. 215, 216, 224 
Connecticut, Geo. p. 5 
S. No. 22, 23, 24 
Connelley, Clifford B., pp. xxxviii, 

491 
Connor, Ralph, Biog. p. 286 
Conquest of Mexico — Prescott, 

Lit. Sub. p. 251 
Conquest of Peru — Prescott, Lit. 

Sub. p. 251 
Conservation, Dev. Na. p. 177 
Constantine the Great, Biog. p. 

297 
Constantinople, Geo. p. 25, For. 
Beg. p. 155, Read. p. 623 
S. No. 472, 473, 474 
Containers, Ind. Dsn. p. 437 

S. No. 19, 65, 285, 295, 311, 
334 
Construction, Voc. Guid. p. 396, 

Ind. Dsn. p. 444 
Constructive Industries, Prod. 

Mfg. p. 67 
Conveyor, Ind. Dsn. p. 442 

S. No. 34, 63, 67, 217 
Conwell, Russell H., pp. xlii, 

653 
Cookery & Food, pp. 409 to 420 
Cooley, Anna M., pp. xxxvi, 421 
Coolidge, Susan, Lit. Sub. p. 254 
Cooper, James Fenimore, Lit. 

Sub. p. 248 
Cooper, Peter, Biog. p. 283 
Copenhagen, Geo. p. 22 

S. No. 404, 405, 406 
Copper, Geo. pp. 5, 11, 12, Prod. 
Mfg. pp. 58, 64, 69, Am. 
Today p. 183, Metals p. 
476, Loc. Ind. p. 492, Read. 
p. 618 
S. No. 15, 155, 156, 157, 187 
Cordage, Prod. Mfg. p. 69 



674 



INDEX 



Corinth, Geo. p. 25, For. Beg. p. 
153 
S. No. 477 
Corinthian Architecture, Arct. p. 
451 
S. No. 87, 351, 460, 482 
Cork, Geo. p. 21 
S. No. 375 
Corn, Geo. pp. 10, 11, 12, 17, Dev. 
Na. p. 177, Am. Today 
p. 181, Farm C. p. 322, PI. 
Asso. p. 371, Read. p. 615, 
Eat & Wear pp. 630, 632 
S. No. 136, 137, 160, 184, 292 
Corn Song — Whittier, Lit. Sub. p. 

253 
Coronado, F. Am. Na. p. 163 
Cortez, Hernando, F. Am. Na. p. 

163, Biog. p. 283 
Costa Rica, Geo. p. 17 

S. No. 294 
Costume Design, pp. 531 to 541 
Costume, Indian, Drazu. p. 515 

S. No. 98, 158, 168, 169, 182, 
204, 263, 265, 328 
Costumes, Modern, Cos. Dsn. p. 
532 
S. No. 8, 22, 29, 60, 146, 276, 
280, 585 
Cottages, Arct. p. 460, House Dsn. 
pp. 524, 526 
S. No. 355, 368, 373, 411, 445 
Cotter's Saturday Night, The — 

Burns, Lit. Sub. p. 248 
Cotton, Geo. pp. 5, 9, 10, 17, Prod. 
Mfg. pp. 52, 68, Dev. Na. 
pp. 166, 170, Am. Today 
p. 186, Farm C. p. 324, 
Ind. Sap. Home p. 406, 
Tex. & CI. pp. 422, 424, 
Metals p. 478, Children 
pp. 584, 590, Eat & Wear 
p. 637, Home Geo. pp. 645, 
650 
S. No. 14, 15, 16, 117, 119, 
124, 125, 207, 286, 420, 
563 
Cottonwood, PI. Asso. p. 370. 

S. No. 182 
Coulter, John M., pp. xxxv, 365 
Counties, Govt. p. 192 
Country Home, Farm. H & F. L. 
pp. 356, 357 
S. No. 96, 147, 181, 236, 
373 



Courtship of Miles Standish' — 
Longfellow, Lit. Sub. p 
250 
Cow, The — R. L. Stevenson 

Read. p. 607 
Cowboys, Geo. p. 12, Loc. Ind. p 
497, Hyg. p. 501 
S. No. 127, 186, 188 
Cows, Prod. Mfg. p. 50, An. Has 
pp. 335, 336 
wS. No. 57, 159, 165, 339, 356 
364, 371, 403, 591 
Cranes, Ind. Dsn. p. 442 

S. No. 65, 82, 128, 150, 156 
327 334 
Crane, White, An. p. 386 

S. No. 535 
Crater Lake, Geo. p. 14, Ntl. F. p. 
103, Soils p. 313 
S. No. 222 
Crevasse, Geo. pp. 14, 16 

S. No. 219, 274 
Cromwell, Oliver, Biog. p. 297 
Cronos, Lit. Sub. p. 255 
Crops, Farm, pp. 319 to 326, Soils 
p. 317 
S. No. 47, 108, 147, 149, 175, 
181, 184, 237, 357 
Crossing Brooklyn Ferry, Lit. Sub. 

p. 254 
Crowded Street, The — Bryant, 

Lit. Sub. p. 247 
Cruise of the Cachalot, The, Lit. 

Sub. p. 254 
Cuba, Geo. p. 17, Pol. Geo. p. 123, 
Dev. Na. p. 172 
S. No. 295 to 299 
Cultivation, Soils p. 315, Farm C. 
p. 320. Metals p. 481 
S. No. 105, 198, 207, 419 
Curry, Charles Madison, pp. xli, 

605 
Curtiss, Charles F., pp. xxxiii, 309 
Customs of American Indians, Lit. 

Sub. p. 254 
Cuzco, Geo. p. 19 

S. No. 331 
Cyclops, Lit. Sub. p. 257 

D 

Dairy, Geo. pp. 7, 11, Prod. Mfg. 
p. 50, Trans, p. 77, Am. 
Today p. 182, Farm M. p. 
347, Voc. Guid. p. 394, 
Loc. Ind. p. 498 



INDEX 



675 



S. No. 57, 159, 165, 339, 356, 
364, 371, 403, 591 

Daisy, PL Asso. p. 371, PL & An. 
p. 596, Read. p. 610 
S. No. 72, 102 
Damascus, Geo. p. 26, For. Beg. p. 
152 
S. No. 493 
Dams, Geo. pp. 12, 13, Prod. Mfg. 
p. 71, Arct. p. 465, Con. 
Stone B. & T. p. 486 
S. No. 170, 210, 569 
Dana, Lit. Sub. p. 254 
Danaus, Lit. Sub. p. 257 
Dante, Alighieri, Biog. p. 297 
Danube River, Geo. p. 24 

S. No. 470, 471 
Dar-es-Salaam, E. Africa, Geo. p. 
29 
S. No. 574 
Darjeeling, India. Geo. p. 26 

S. No. 508 
Darius Green — Trowbridge, Lit. 

Sub. p. 253 
Darwin, Charles Robert, Biog. p. 

297 
Dates, Prod. Mfg. p. 48 

S. No. 556, 566 
David, For. Beg. p. 152, Biog. p. 
297 
S. No. 495 
Declaration of Independence, F. 
Am. Na. p. 164, Am. To- 
day p. 179 
Decoration & Design, House — 
Costume Design, pp. 517 
to 541 
Deer, Prod. Mfg. p. 51, An. p. 382 

S. No. 2, 189, 413 
Delaware, Geo. p. 8 

S. No. 85 
Delhi, India, Geo. p. 26, Com. Civ. 
p. 204 
S. No. 503 
Delta Plains, Ntl. F. p. 105 
S. No. 120, 500, 558 
Demeter, Lit. Sub. p. 256 
Demosthenes, Biog. p. 297 
Denmark, Geo. p. 22, Pol. Geo. p. 
134, House Dsn. p. 522, 
Read. p. 622 
S. No. 404 to 406 
Deposits, Ntl. F. pp. 100, 101, 105, 
Soils, p. 313 
S. No. 192, 193, 194 



Depth of Field, Photo, p. 549 
Derricks, hid. Dsn. p. 442 

S. No. 69, 70, 122 
Design & Decoration, House — 

Costume Design, pp. 517 

to 541 
Design, Industrial, Including 

Architecture, pp. 437 to 

468 
DeSoto, Hernando, F. Am. Na. p. 

163, Biog. pp. 283, 297 
Deserts 

Arid and Semi-Arid, Zonts, p. 

114, PL Asso. p. 371 
S. No. 190, 200, 201, 209, 495, 

561 to 566, 569 
Cold, Zones p. 117, PL Asso. p. 

372 
S. No. 219, 276, 279, 322, 323, 

342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 

440, 441, 448 
Detroit, Geo. p. 11, Loc. Ind. p. 

494 
S. No. 150 to 152 
Development of Our Nation, 

The, pp. 165 to 177 
Dewey, George, Biog. p. 284 
Diamonds, Prod. Mfg. pp. 59, 64, 

Read, p 627, Eat & Wear 

p. 639 
S. No. 581 
Diana, Lit. Sub. p. 256 
Diaz, Porfirio, Biog. p. 284 
Dickens, Charles, Biog. p. 297 
Dikes, Geo. p. 11 

S. No. 148 
Dionysius, Lit. Sub. p. 256 
Discoverers & Explorers, F. Am 

Na. p. 162 
Dishes, Prod. Mfg. pp. 59, 70, Con. 

Stone B. & T. p. 488, Ind. 

Dsn. pp. 446, 468, Home 

Geo. p. 646 
S. No. 33, 58, 59, 372, 373, 

385, 519 
Disraeli, Benjamin, Earl of Bea- 

consfield, Biog. p. 297 
Distance, Photo, p. 549 
Dist. of Columbia, Geo. p. 8, Pol. 

Geo. p. 123, Govt. p. 194 
S. No. 87 to 95 
Distribution, Prod. Mfg. p. 72, 

Mkts. pp. 87 to 96, Voc. 

Guid. p. 398 



676 



INDEX 



Divides and Passes, Ntl. F. p. 108 

S. No. 195, 243, 251 
Dixie Land, Lit. Sub. p. 255 
Docks, Geo. pp. 6, 9, 11, 16, 17, 20, 
22, 23, 28, Prod. Mfg. p. 
72, Trans, pp. 80, 81 
S. No. 26, 48, 52, 106, 128, 
157, 164, 174, 267, 280, 
295, 327, 347, 400, 420, 
429, 556 
Dodge, Mary Mapes, Lit. Sub. p. 248 
Dogs, Geo. op. 15, 16, Trans, p. 77, 
Am. Today p. 188, An. p. 
382, PI. & An. p. 600 
S. No. 118, 190, 204, 246, 279, 
396, 480, 490, 529 
Dog of Flanders — Ouida, Lit. 

Sub. p. 251 
Domes, Arct. pp. 448, 455 

S. No. 28, 87, 95, 384, 451, 
483, 495, 502 
Domestic Science and Domestic 

Arts, p. 403 
Dominica, Geo. p. 18 

S. No. 303 
Donkeys, Trans, p. 76, An. Hits. p. 
338, An. p. 379 
S. No. 340, 378, 496, 522, 557, 
560, 566, 574 
Don't Kill the Birds, Lit. Sub. p. 

254 
Doorways, Arct. p. 452 

S. No. 8, 9, 260, 337, 425, 502 
Doric Architecture, Arct. p. 451 

S. No. 8, 92, 340, 380 
Douglass, Wm, Read. p. 610 
Drainage, Ntl. F. pp. 99, 100, Soils 
p. 316, Farm M. p. 344, 
Metals p. 481 
S. No. 161 
Drake, Sir Francis, For. Beg. p. 

155, Biog. pp. 284, 297 
Dramatized Problems, Vis. Prob. 

p. 576 
Drawing, pp. 509 to 515, Loc. Ind. 

p. 493 
Dredge, Geo. p. 18 

S. No. 313 
Dress, Earth N. p. 144, Tex. & CI. 
p. 428, Cos. Dsn. p. 532, 
Home Geo. p. 645 
S. No. 146, 182, 280, 503, 506, 
528 to 530, 551, 552, 572, 
592 



Drift Soil, Soils p. 314 

S. No. 427 
Drilling, Metals p. 480, Loc. Ind. 
p. 493 
S. No. 69, 122 
Drink & Food, Hyg. p. 502 
Dromedary, See Camels. 
Drowned Coasts, Ntl. F. p. 103 
Drowned Rivers, Ntl. F. p. 102 

S. No. 39, 51, 100, 264 
Dryer, Charles Redway, pp. xxvi, 

45 
Dry Farming, Geo. p. 13, Soils p. 
315 
S. No. 199 
Dublin, Geo. p. 21, Pol. Geo. p. 129, 
Cities pp. 222, 225, 239, 
Arct. pp. 451, 455, Read. p. 
621 
S. No. 380 
Ducks, Prod. Mfg. p. 51, An. Hits. 
p. 339, An. p. 386 
S. No. 401 
Dunes, Sand, Ntl. F. p. 99, PI. 
Asso. p. 373 
S. No. 223 
Dunn, Arthur Wm., pp. xxxi, 203 
Dutch, Peo. p. 35, Pol. Geo. p. 133, 
For. Beg. p. 157, Arct. pp. 
458, 460, House Dsn. p. 
522, Cos. Dsn. p. 536. Chil- 
dren p. 586 
S. No. 399, 400, 402, 403 
Dwarf Trees, PI. Asso. p. 372 
S. No. 535 



Earth Neighbors, pp. 141 to 148 
Earthquakes, Ntl. F. p. 101, Soils 
p. 313 
S. No. 231, 300 
East Africa, British, Geo. p. 29, 
Prod. Mfg. p. 53, Mkts. p. 
94, Zones p. 113, Pol. Geo. 
p. 130 
S. No. 570 to 573 
East Africa (German) Geo. p. 29, 
Zones p. 113, Pol. Geo. p. 
137 
S. No. 574 
East Indian Architecture, Arct. 
pp. 449, 453, House Dsn. 
p 524 
S. No. 499, 501 



INDEX 



677 



East Indies, Geo. p. 28 

S. No. 545 to 554 
Eat, Some Things We, pp. 629 to 

639 
Eaves, House Dsn. p. 528 

S. No. 445 
Economics, Home, See Foods and 

Cookery, pp. 409 to 420 
Ecuador, Geo. p. 19 

S. No. 336 
Edinburgh, Scotland, Geo. p. 21, 

Pol. Geo. p. 128 
S. No. 365 
Editorial Board, pp. xxv. to xlii 
Education, Am. Today p. 187, 

Govt. p. 199, Com. Civ. pp. 

204,211, FarmH. & F. L. 

p. 358 
Edward IT, Biog. p. 297 
Edward III, Biog. p. 297 
Edward the Confessor, Biog. p. 297 
Eggleston, Edward, Lit. Sub. p. 

248 
Eggs, Farm M. p. 347, Food & 

Ckry. p. 413, Home Geo. 

pp. 644. 649 
S. No. 375 
Egypt, Geo. p. 28, Pol. Geo. pp. 

128, 130, For. Beg q 152, 

Con. Stone B. & T. p. 487, 

House Dsn. p. 522, Cos. 

Dsn. p. 537, Children p. 

588, Read. p. 626 
S. No. 558 to 569 
Egyptian Architecture, Arct. pp. 

448, 454, 459 
S. No. 561, 564, 565, 566, 568 
Eiffel Tower, Cities p. 221, Arct. 

p. 462 
S. No. 421 
Electrician, Voc. Guid. p. 397 
Electricity, hid. Dsn. p. 440, Home 

Geo. p. 646 
S. No. 151, 171 
Elephants, Prod. Mfg. p. 67, 

Trans, p. 78, An. p. 383, 

PI. & An. p. 600 
S. No. 505, 509, 510 
Elevated Railways, Trans, p. 85 

S. No. 31 
Elevation, Climate, Zones p. 118 
Elijah, Biog. p. 297 _ 
Eliot, Charles William, pp. vii, 

xxv, Biog. p. 284 
Eliot, Sir John, Biog. p. 298 



Elk, Geo. p. 13, PI. & An. p. 600, 
Read. p. 613 
S. No. 189 
Ellen's Isle, Geo. p. 21 

S. No. 369 
Ellis Island, Geo. p. 6 

S. No. 32 
Elizabeth, Queen of England, 

Biog. p. 298 
Elizabethan style of Architecture, 

House Dsn. p. 524 
Elm, PI. Asso. p. 370 

S. No. 10, 37, 71, 96 
Embargo, Govt. p. 201 
Embroidery, Ind. Dsn. p. 447, Cos. 
Dsn. p. 536 
S. No. 465, 468, 471, 487 
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, Biog. b. 

284 
Emmett, D., Lit. Sub. p. 255 
Endicott, John, Biog. p. 284 
Energy, Solar, Earth N. pp. 143, 144 
Engineering, Prod. Mfg. p. 70, 

Trav. & Lee. p. 659 
England, Geo. p. 20, Pol. Geo. p. 
128, Gdn. Orch. & W. p. 
329, Arct. pp. 448, 452, 461, 
House Dsn. p. 522, Read. 
p. 621 
S. No. 347 to 362 
English, p. 243 
English Composition, pp. 259 to 

268 
English Language, Pol. Geo. p. 127 
Ensign, Raymond P., pp. xxxvii, 

437 
Equatorial Belt, Zones p. 110 

S. No. 247, 249, 251, 252, 254, 
255, 293, 294, 337, 338, 
570, 571, 572, 573 
Erie Canal, Geo. p. 6, Trans, p. 78, 
Dev. Na. p. 167 
S. No. 43, 48 
Erosion, 
See Weathering, Ntl. F. p. 98 
By Water, Ntl. F. p. 100 

S. No. 49, 50, 197, 208, 318, 
363, 407, 576 
Eruption, Volcanic, Geo. pp. 18, 24, 
Ntl. F. p. 107 
S. No. 453, 545 
Eskimo, Geo. p. 20, Peo. p. 40, 
Prod. Mfg. p. 56, F. Am. 
Na. p. 161, Tex. & CI. p. 
429, Eat & Wear p. 637 



678 



INDEX 



S. No. 343 

Estuaries, Ntl. F. p. 102, Pot. Geo. 

p. 135. 
Ethiopian Race, See Black Race, 
Eucalyptus, Geo. p. 30, PI. Asso. 
pp. 366, 370, 374, Wood p. 
470, Home Geo. p. 643 
S. No. 586 
Europe, Geo. p. 20. Children p. 586, 
Read. p. 620 
S. No. 347 to 488 
Evangeline — Longfellow, Lit. 

Sub. p. 250 
Evans, Robley Dnnglison, Biog. p. 

284 
Evaporation, Ind. Dsn. p. 440 

S. No. 42, 244, 310, 531 
Evaporation, Solar, Earth N. p. 
142 
S. No. 13, 42, 244, 310, 531 
Excavating, Metals p 478 

S. No. 250, 251" 
Expansion, Dcv. Na. p. 172 
Explorers, F. Am. Na. p. 162 
Eve level, Draw. p. 509 



F 



Factories. Prod. Mfg. pp. 54, 55. 

Dcv. Na. pp. 166, 170, 

Com. Civ. p. 207, Cities 

p. 224, Voc. Guid. p. 396, 

Ind. Sup. Home p. 407, 

A ret. pp. 457, 464, Home 

Geo. p. 646 
S. No. 11, 12, 14 to 16, 18 to 

20, 22, 23, 24, 40, 41, 62 

to 67, 152, 541 
Factorv Processes, Prod. Mfg. p. 

" 52 
Falls. Geo. pp. 6, 22. 23. 29 

S. No. 49, 50, 318, 407, 444, 

576 
Family, Com. Civ. p. 205 
Faneuil Hall, Geo. p. 5, F. Am. 

Na. p. 164, Arct. p. 461, 

Read. p. 614 
S. No. 7 
Farm Crops, pp. 319 to 326 
Farm Home and Farm Life, pp. 

355 to 361 
Farm Houses. House Dsn. pp. 523, 

525, 531 
S. No. 147, 181, 236, 409 



Farming, see Agriculture, Voc. 
Guid. p. 394 

Farming — General, Farm M. p. 
345 

Farm Machinery. Geo. p. 12, Dev. 
Na. p. 167, Am. Today 
p. 180, Farm M. pp. 341, 
352, 354, Farm H. & F. L. 
p. 358, hoc. Ind. p. 495 
S. No. 44, 136, 160, 161, 166, 

177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 
218, 233, 332, 357 

Farm Management — Farm Ma- 
chinery, pp. 341 to 354 
Farm Methods, Prod. Mfg. p. 46, 
Dcv. Na. pp. 167, 177, 
Farm C. p. 320, Farm M. 
p. 341, Farm H. & F. L. 
p. 358, Metals p. 481 
Modern 

S. No. 136, 160, 161, 166, 177, 

178, 179, 180, 181, 198, 
218, 233, 332, 357 

Primitive 

S. No. 298, 388, 419. 479, 488, 
497, 522, 527, 529, 549, 
554, 561, 562 
Farmyard Song — Trowbridge, Lit. 

Sub. p. 253 
Farragut. David Glasgow, Biog. 

p. 284 
Fatigue, Hyg. p. 504 
Feathers, Prod. Mf%. p. 56 

S. No. 56, 216, 239 
Federal Reserve Board, Govt. p. 

200 
Ferdinand and Isabella, For. Beg. 

p. 158, Biog. p. 298 
Ferry Boat, Geo. p. 6, Trans, p. 
80 
S. No. 26, 32, 386 
Ferrv Slip, Geo. p. 6 

S. No. 26 
Fertilizing, Geo. p. 12, Soils pp. 
316, 317, Farm C. p. 325, 
Home Geo. p. 650 
Fibers, Prod. Mfg. p. 68, Farm C. 
p. 324, Tex. & CI. pp. 422, 
423, 424, 425, Eat & Wear 
p. 637 
S. No. 17. 22, 117, 124, 145, 
268, 553 
Fields, Prod. Mfg. p. 65 

S. No. 104, 105, 137, 178, 



INDEX 



679 



179, 180, 184, 218, 284, 
357, 488, 522, 561, 562 

Figs, Prod. Mfg. p. 48, PL Asso. p. 
70 
S. No. 489 
Figures in Action, Draw. p. 514 
Figures without Problems, Vis. 

Prob. p. 576 
Filipinos, See Philippines 
Fine Arts. p. 507 

Finland, Geo. p. 25, Tex. & CI. p. 
429, Cos. Dsn. p. 534, Chil- 
dren p. 586 
S. No. 481 
Fins, Pol. Geo. p. 138 

S. No. 481 
Fir, Balsam, PI. Asso. p. 369 

S. No. 162 
Fir, Douglas, PI. Asso. p. 369, 
Wood p. 470 
S. No. 216, 224 
Fir, Red, PI. Asso. p. 369 

S. No. 222, 228 
Fireplaces, Arct. p. 467, House 
Dsn, pp. 518, 526 
S. No. 33, 92, 113, 372 
Firewood, Food & Ckry. p. 410, 
Wood p. 471 
S. No. 124, 467 
Firth of Forth, Geo. p. 21, Prod. 
Mfg. p. 71, Trans, p. 84 
S. No. 366 
Fir Tree. The. Read, p. 610 
Fish, Prod. Mfg. p. 63. Am, To- 
day p. 182, Food & Ckrv. 
p. 413, Children pp. 584, 
590, Eat & Wear p. 635, 
Home. Geo. p. 645 
S. No. 13, 226, 227, 244, 481, 
531 
Fisher, M. L., pp. xxxiv, 341 
Fishing Boats, Prod. Mfg. p. 63, 
An. p. 385, Eat & Wear p. 
635 
S. No. 13, 481, 531 
Fishing Nets, Tex. & CI. p. 428 

S. No. 226 
Fissures. Geo. p. 14. Ntl. F. p. 101 

S. No. 231, 300 
Flags, Tex. & CI. p. 427 

S. No. 100. 242, 254, 260, 280, 
514, 585 
Flashlights, Photo, p. 548 

S. No. 2, 76, 155, 579 
Flax, Prod, Mfg. p. 53 



S. No. 40, 268, 269 

Flood Plains, Ntl. F. p. 105 

S. No. 321, 467, 509, 515, 
549, 561, 564, 580 
Florence, Italy, Geo. p 24, For. 
Beg. p. 154 
S. No. 456 
Florida, Geo. p. 9, Mkts. p. 91, 
Zones p. 115, Read. p. 615 
S. No. 108 to 111 
Flowers, Geo. pp. 7, 23, Gdn. 
Orch. & W. p. 330 
S. No. 72, 423, 444, 534 
Food, Buying, Mkts. pp. 88, 91, 92, 

House Adm. p. 432 
Food Commission, Govt. p. 201 
Food and Drink, Health, Hyg. p. 

502 
Food, Preparation, Food & Ckry. 

p. 419 
Food, Service, Food & Ckry. p. 

419 
Food and Cookery pp. 409 to 

420 
Foods and Foodstuffs, Prod. Mfg. 
p. 46, Am. Today p. 180, 
PI. Asso. p. 374, Food 
& Ckrv. pp. 409, 411, 
Wood p". 473, Hvg. p. 502, 
Eat & Wear p. 630, Home 
Geo. pp. 644, 649 
Forage Crops, Farm. C. p. 325 
S. No. 118. 172. 173. 181 
183, 235, 317, 388, 408 
Forces, Natural Forms and, pp. 
97 to 108, hid, Dsn. p. 
437 
Foreign Beginnings of American 

History pp. 151 to 158 
Foreign Children — R. L. Steven- 
son, Read. p. 607 
Forest Hymn — Bryant, Lit. Sub. 

i.247 
Forests, Com. Civ. p. 206, PI. Asso. 
pp. 365, 366, 367, 368, 
Wood p. 470 
S. No. 70, 102, 162, 169, 195, 
196, 221, 224, 228, 229, 
388, 427 
Forests, Deciduous, PL Asso. p. 
368 
S. No. 38, 70, 73, 169 
Forests, Petrified, PL Asso. p. 
367 
S. No. 206 



680 



INDEX 



Ford, Henry, Geo. p. 11, Biog. p. 

285 
S. No. 152 
Form Adapted to Material, Ind. 

Dsn. p. 445 
Form Adapted to Purpose, Ind. 

Dsn. 445 
For the Little Folks p. 579 
Foundation of American. Nation 

pp. 159 to 164 
Fowls, Eat & Wear p. 634 

S. No. 56, 216, 401 
France, Geo. p. 23, Pol. Geo. p. 131, 

For. Beg. p. 157, House 

Dsn. p. 523, Children p. 

586, Read. p. 621, Trav. 

& Lee. p. 656 
S. No. 421 to 431 
Francis Joseph I, Biog. p. 298 
Franklin, Benjamin. Biog. p. 285 
Fremont, John C, Biog. p. 285 
French, Frances M. Lit. Sub. p. 

254 
Frey, Lit. Sub. p. 257 
Freya or Freyja, Lit. Sub. p. 

257 
Frigg, Lit. Sub. p. 257 
Frost, Ntl. F. p. 100 

S. No. 50, 342, 344, 345, 346, 

427, 428 
Fruit, Geo. pp. 6, 8, 12, 17, Prod. 

Mfe. op. 48. 66. Dev. Ma. 

p. 170, Farm M. p. 347, 

Food & Ckry. r>. 417. 

Children, pp. 583, 590, Eat 

& W ear, p. 630 
S. No. 47, 85, 108, 175, 234, 

236, 238, 259, 294, 55.1 
Fruit Growing, Farm M. p. 343 

S. No. 44, 108, 175, 237, 390, 

437 
Fuel, Prod. Mfg. p. 69, Dev. Na. 

p. 167, Food & Ckry. p. 

410, Wood, p. 471 
S. No. 68, 74, 76, 77, 79, 103, 

129 
Fuji-Yama, Japan, Geo. p. 27, Ntl. 

F. p. 107 
S. No. 525 
Fuller, George D., pp. xxxv, 365 
Fuller, Melville W., Biog. p. 285 
Fulton, Robert, Biog. p. 285 
Funston, General Frederick, Biog. 

p. 285 



Furnishings, Home, Tex. & CI. 
p. 426 
S. No. 33, 417 
Furniture, Arct. p. 466, House 
Dsn. pp. 519, 526 to 530 
S. No. 33, 89, 92, 352, 373, 
409, 417, 443 
Furs, Prod. Mfg. p. 56, Cos. Dsn. 
p. 540, Children p. 586 
S. No. 158, 243, 246, 279, 328, 
343, 345, 490 



Gabled Roof, House Dsn. p. 519 

S. No. 354 
Gaea, Lit. Sub. p. 257 
Galicia, Geo. p. 24 

S. No. 465 
Gambrel Roof, House Dsn. pp. 528, 
531 
S. No. 236 
Game, An. pp. 382 to 386, PI. An. 
. pp. 598 to 604, Eat & 

Wear, p. 635 
S. No. 2, 110, 189, 345, 415, 
577, 578 
Ganges River, Geo. p. 26. Ntl. F 
p. 105. Hvg. p. 505 
S. No. 500, 501 
Gannets. An. p. 385, PI. & An. p 
600 
S. No. 583 
Garden of the Gods, Geo. p. 13, 
Read. p. 617 
S. No. 201 
Garden, Orchard and Woodlot 

pp. 327 to 333 
Gardens, Prod. Mfg. p. 64, Dev. 
Na. p. 176, Gdn. Orch. & 
W. p. 327, Voc. Guid. p. 
395, Home Ceo. p. 650 
S. No. 47, 83, 137, 149 
Garfield, Tames Abram, Biog. p. 
285 
S. No. 87, 88, 91 
Garibaldi, Giuseppe, Biog. p. 298 
Garrison, William Lloyd, Biog. p. 

286 
Gas, Food & Ckry. p. 410 
Gasoline, Am. Today p. 184 

S. No. 123 
Gasoline Motors, Prod. Mfg. p. 62, 
Soils, p. 315, Farm C. p. 



INDEX 



681 



320, Gdn. Orch. & W. p. 

331, Farm M. p. 353 
S. No. 44, 151, 161, 178 to 180 
Gatun Lake, Geo. p. 15, Dev. Na. 

p. 174 
S. No. 250 to 253 
Gautama (the Buddha), Biog. p. 

298 
S. No. 501 
Geese, Prod. Mfg. p. 51, An. 

Hus. p. 339, An. p. 386, 

PI. & An. p. 601, Eat & 

Wear p. 635 
S. No. 216 
Gemila, Read. p. 611 
Gems, Prod. Mfg. p. 59, Eat & 

Wear p. 639 
S. No. 512, 581 
General Introduction, p. vii 
Geographical Classification, pp. 3 

to 30 
Geography, p. 1 
Geography by Nations (Political 

Geography), pp. 121 to 

139 
Geography, Commercial, Trans, p. 

73, Mkts. p. 87 
Geography, Home, pp. 641 to 652 
Geography, Industrial, Prod. Mfg. 

p. 45 
Geography, Political, pp. 121 to 139 
Geography, Some Things We Eat ; 

Some Things We Wear, 

pp. 629, 639^ 
Georgia, Geo. p. 9 

S. No. 106, 107 
Gerlache, Adrien de, Geo. p. 20 

S. No. 345 
German Empire, Geo. p. 21, Pol. 

Geo. p. 135, For. Beg. p. 

158, Am. Today p. 179, 

Children p. 587, Read. p. 

622 
S. No. 383 to 394 
Germans, Pol. Geo. p. 136 
Geryon, Lit. Sub. p. 256 
Gettysburg, Geo. p. 7, Dev. Na. p. 

169 
S. No. 73 
Gettysburg Oration, Lit. Sub. p. 

250 
Geysers, Geo. p. 13, Ntl. F. p. 100 

S. No. 193, 194 
Giant's Causeway, Geo. p. 21 
S. No. €82 



Gibraltar, Geo. p. 23, Pol. Geo. p. 
128, Read. p. 624 
S. No. 439 
Gill-over-the ground, PI. Asso. p. 
371 
S. No. 359 
Gin, Geo. p. 10, Prod. Mfg. p. 52, 
Dev. Na. p. 166, hid. Sup. 
Home p. 407, Tex. & CI. 
p. 424, Eat & Wear p. 637, 
Home Geo. p. 645 
S. No. 124, 125 
Ginning, Tex. & CI. p. 424 
Girders, Ind. Dsn. p. 443 

S. No. 65, 134, 135 
Glacial Lakes, Ntl. F. p. 103 

S. No. 48, 154, 361, 369, 377, 
459 
Glacial Plains, Ntl. F. p. 106 

S. No. 136, 137, 147, 161, 488 

Glacier, Geo. pp. 14, 16, 22, 23, 

Ntl. F. p. 100, Read. p. 

617 

S. No. 219, 274, 275, 408, 427, 

428, 446, 448 

Glaciers, Continental, Ntl. F. p. 101 

S. No. 342, 344, 345, 346 
Glaciers, effect on Human Affairs, 
Ntl. F. p. 101 
1 Glaciers. Valley. Ntl. F. p. 100 

S. No. 219, 274, 275, 276, 279, 
408, 427, 428, 446, 448 
Gladness of Nature, The, Bryant, 

Lit. Sub. p. 247 
Gladstone, Wm. Ewart, Biog. p. 

298 
Glass, Geo. p. 10, Prod. Mfg. pp. 
59, 70, Dev. Na. p. 171, 
Am. Today p. 186, Metals 
p. 478, Hyg. p. 502, Home 
Geo. p. 647 
S. No. 134, 135 
Gloucester, Mass. (Harbor), Geo. 
p. 5, Read. p. 614 
S. No. 13 
Goats, Geo. p. 22, Prod. Mfg. pp. 
50, 67, An. Hus. p. 339, 
An. p. 380, Tex. & CI. p. 
424, PL & An. p. 601, Eat 
& Wear p. 631 
S. No. 411, 447 
Goethals, George Washington, 
Dev. Na. p. 174, Biog. p. 
286 
S. No. 248 to 256 



682 



INDEX 



Goethe, Tohann Wolfgang von, 

Biog. p. 298 
Gold Mining, Geo. pp. 13, 15, 17, 
Prod. Mfg. pp. 64, 69, Dev. 
A T a. p. 171, Am. Today p. 
184, Metals p. 476, Read. p. 
627, Eat & Wear p. 639 
S. No. 203, 225, 245, 287 
Goldsmith, Oliver, Biog. p. 299 
Goode, J. Paul, pp. xxvii, 87 
Goodyear, Charles, Read. p. 610 
Gordon, Rev. Chas. W. (Ralph 

Connor), Biog. p. 286 
Gorgas, William Crawford, Dev. 
Na. p. 174, Biog. p. 286 
S. No. 248 to 256 
Goteborg, Geo. p. 23 

S. No. 420 
Gothic Architecture, Arct. pp. 448, 
453 
S. No. 350, 352, 360, 387, 425, 
434, 458 
Gould, Miss, Lit. Sub. p. 254 
Government, pp. 191 to 202, 
Home Geo. pp. 648, 651 
City, Govt. p. 192, Com. Civ. pp. 

213, 215 
Executive, Govt. p. 195 
Judicial, Govt. p. 195 
Legislative, Govt. p. 194 
Local, Govt. p. 192 

National, Pol. Geo. p. 123, Govt. 

p. 194, Com. Civ. p. 216 
Self, Com. Civ. p. 214 
States, Pol. Geo. p. 123, Govt. p. 

193 
Townships, Govt. p. 192 
Work, Govt. p. 196 
Goves of Blarney, The, Lit. Sub. 

p. 254 
Grains, Prod. Mfg. p. 65, Dev. Na. 
p. 171, Farm M. p. 346, 
Food & Ckrv. p. 413, Chil- 
dren pp. 583, 590, Home 
Geo. pp. 645, 649 
S. No. 137, 147, 177, 184, 199, 
218, 233, 284, 357, 479, 
497, 527, 529, 550 
Granada, Geo. p. 23, For. Beg. p. 
158 
S. No. 436 
Grand Canvon of Col., Geo. p. 13, 
Nt'l. F. p. 102, Lit. Sub. p. 
249, Read. p. 617 
§. No. 208 



Granite, Geo. p. 5, Prod. Mfg. p. 
59, Am. Today p. 185, 
Voc. Guid. p. 397, Con. 
Stone B. & T. p. 485, Loc. 
Ind. p. 493, Hyg. p. 504 
S. No. 3, 7, 95, 146, 569 
Grant, Ulysses Simpson, Biog. p. 
286 
S. No. 39, 90 to 92, 114 
Grapes, Geo. pp. 15, 22, Prod. Mfg. 
p. 48, Zones p. 114, Gdn. 
Orch. & W. p. 331, PI. 
Asso. p. 371, Food & 
Ckry. p. 417, Hyg. p. 502, 
PI. & An. p. 596, Eat & 
Wear p. 630 
S. No. 236, 319, 390 
Grasslands, PI. Asso. p. 368 
Gravity, hid. Dsn. p. 439 
Gratz. Geo. p. 24 

S. No. 461 
Gra/.ing, Prod. Mfg. p. 66, Farm 
M. p. 343 
S. No. 127, 186, 190, 301, 317, 
480, 589 
Great Lakes, Trans, p. 80, Am. 
Today p. 188 
S. No. 154 
Great Wall of Giina, Geo. p. 27 

S. No. 524 
Great, Wide, Beautiful. Wonder- 
ful W T orld, Lit. Sub. p. 
254 
Grecian Architecture, Arct. pp. 
448, 453 
S. No. 87, 89, 90, 91, 351, 
475, 477, 478 
Greece, Geo. p. 25, Pol. Geo. p. 
135. For. Beg. p. 153, 
Children p. 587, Read. 
p. 624, Trav. & Lee. p. 
656 
S. No. 475 to 480 
Greenland, Geo. p. 20, Peo. p. 40, 
Zones p. 118, House Dsn. 
p. 523. Read. p. 628 
S. No. 342, 343 
Greenwich, Eng., Geo. p. 20, Earth 
N. p. 145 
S. No. 353 
Gregory, William M., pp. xli, 

629 
Grill work, House Dsn. pp. 527, 
528 



INDEX 



683 



Grindelwakl, Switzerland, Geo. p. 
24 
S. No. 445, 446, 447 
Grinding, Ind. Dsn. p. 445, Eat & 
IV ear p. 631 
S. No. 292, 498 
Ground Water, Ntl. F. p. 99 
Guadeloupe, Geo. p. 18, Prod. 
Mfg. p. 49 
S. No. 302, 300 
Guam, Geo. p. 28, Zones p. 113, 
Pol. Geo. p. 123, Dev. Na. 
p. 172, Govt. pp. 199, 201 
S. No. 554 
Guatemala, Geo. p. 17 

S. No. 291 
Guayaquil, Geo. p. 19 

"S. No. 336 
Guidance, Vocational, pp. 393 to 

401 
Gulls, An. p. 386 
S. No. 415 
Gustavus Adolphus, Biog. p. 299 



H 



Habits, Health — Hygiene, pp. 501 

to 505 
Hadrian-Publius TElius Hadrianus, 

Biog. p. 299 
Haig, Sir Douglas, Biog. p. 299 
Hair. Tex. & CI. pp. 423, 426 

S. No. 138, 140, 147, 185, 188, 

335, 411, 447, 564, 565 
Hamburg, Germany, Geo. p. 22, 

Com. Civ. p. 204, Cities pp. 

221, 242 
S. No. 386 
Hamilton, Alexander, Dev. Na. p. 

166, Biog. p. 286 
Hampton Roads, Va., Geo. p. 8, F. 

Am. Na. p. 163, Dev. Na. 

p. 169, Read. p. 613 
S. No. 100 
Hankow, Geo. p. 27, Cities p. 232, 

Arct. p. 459 
S. No. 517 
Hannah Binding Shoes — Lucy 

Larcom, Lit. Sub. p. 250 
Hans Brinker — Dodge, Lit. Sub. 

p. 248 
Harbors, Mkts. p. 89, Ntl. F. p. 

104, Pol. Geo. p. 128, Com. 

Civ. p. 207, Cities p. 229, 

Home Geo. p. 647 



S. No. 25, 26, 257, 277, 278, 
299, 304, 313, 314, 374, 
430, 489, 492, 499, 511, 
514, 556, 574, 591 

Hardanger Fjord, Geo. p. 22 

S. No. 411 
Harness, Prod. Mfg. p. 55 
Harpers Ferry, Geo. p. 8, Dev. Na. 
p. 169, Cities pp. 227, 230 
S. No. 101 
Harris, Joel Chandler, Lit. Sub. p. 

249 
Harrow, Geo. pp. 12, 19, 28, Dev. 
Na. p. 167, Soils p. 315, 
Farm M. p. 353 
S. No. 179, 332, 549 
Hart, Albert Bushnell, pp. xxix, 

149, 159 
Harte, Bret, Lit. Sub. p. 254 
Harvest, Farm C. p. 321, Farm 
M. p. 354, Ind. Dsn. p. 444, 
Metals p. 481, Hyg. p. 505, 
Home Geo. p. 650 
S. No. 136, 160, 166, 181, 199, 
357 
Harvest of the Sea, An. p. 385 
Harvey, Lorenzo Dow, pp. xxxvi, 

405 
Hastings, Warren, Biog. p. 299 
Hathaway, Anne, Geo. p. 20, Lit. 
Sub. p. 252, Arct. p. 461 
S. No. 355 
Hats. Cos. Dsn. pp. 539. 540 

S. No. 290, 485, 529, 530, 537, 
585 
Havana, Geo. p. 17, Pol. Geo. p. 
123, Am. Today p. 179, 
Cities p. 242 
S. No. 295, 296 
Hawaii, Geo. p. 16, Pol. Geo. p. 
123, Dev. Na. p. 172, Com. 
Civ. p. 204, Cos. Dsn. p. 
539, Children p. 585, Read. 
p. 628 
S. No. 259 to 261 
Hawthorne, Nathaniel, Lit. Sub. p. 

249, Biog. p. 286 
Hay, Geo. pp. 12, 22, Prod. Mfg. 
pp. 60, 66, Farm C. p. 325 
S. No. 181, 183, 185, 232, 388, 
408, 454 
Hay, John, Biog. p. 287 

S. No. 91, 92 
Headdress, Cos. Dsn. pp. 535, 541 
S. No. 168, 182, 262, 411 



684 



INDEX 



Health — Air & Light, Hyg. p. 504 

Health, Com. Civ. p. 206 

Health — Food & Drink, Hyg. p. 

502 
Health — Work, Hyg. p. 502 
Hearing, Hyg. p. 503 
Heat, Ntl F. p. 101, Home Geo. 

pp. 646, 650 
Heber, Bishop Reginald, Lit. Sub. 

p. 255 
Hellenic People, Peo. p. 37 

S. No. 476, 479 
Heidi, Spyri, Lit. Sub. p. 254 
Heights of Abraham, The, Lit. 

Sub. p. 254 
Hemp, Geo. pp. 17, 28, 29, Prod, 

Mfg. p. 53, Dev. Na. p 

172^ Farm C. p. 325, PI 

Asso. p. 370, Tex. & CI 

pp. 423, 425, PI. & An. p 

598 
S. No. 289, 552, 553, 571 
Henequen, Prod. Mfg. p. 53 

S. No. 289 
Henry III, King of England, Biog. 

p. 299 
Henry VI, King of England, Biog. 

p. 299 
Henry VII, King of England, 

Biog. p. 299 
Henry VIII, King of England, 

Biog. p. 299 
Hephaestus. Lit. Sub. p. 256 
Hera, Lit. Sub. p. 255 
Herbs. PL Asso. p. 371 
Herculaneum, Geo. p. 24, Arct. p. 

448 
S. No. 453 
Hercules, Lit. Sub. p. 256 
Hermes, Lit. Sub. p. 256 
Hero Tales from American His- 
tory — Roosevelt & Lodge, 

Lit Sub. p. 251 % 
Herring, An. p. 385 
Hiawatha, Lit. Sub. pp. 246, 250, 

Read. p. 608 
S. No. 158, 168, 169 
Hides, Geo. p. 16, Prod. Mfg. p. 

55, Eat & Wear p. 639, 

Home Geo. p. 646 
S. No. 272 
Highlanders — Scotch, Geo. pp. 16, 

21, Cos. Dsn. p. 535 
S. No. 266, 366, 373 
Hikes, Out Door L. p. 388 



Hills. Geo. p. 19, Ntl. F. p. 108 
S. No. 73, 127, 262, 321, 479, 
480, 496, 497, 530 
Himalayas, The, Geo. p. 26, Ntl. 
F. p. 106, Zones p. 113 
S. No. 508 
Hindenburg, Paul von Benecken- 
dorff und von, Biog. p. 299 
Hippopotamus, Geo. p. 29, Prod. 
Mfg. v.5\,An. p. 383 
S. No. 577, 578 
Historical Associations — R. L. 

Stevenson, Read. p. 607 
Historic Buildings, Cities, p. 222, 
Arct. p. 461 
S. No. 6, 7, 8, 29, 87, 90, 349, 
351, 353, 425, 463 
Historic Homes, Home Geo. p. 643 
S. No. 9, 96, 113, 354, 355, 
362, 372 
History & Civics, p. 149 
Hobart, Geo. p. 30, Cities pp. 227, 
240, Read. p. 627 
S. No. 590 
Hoboken, Cities pp. 230, 242, Read. 
p. 614 
S. No. 52 
Hogs, Geo. p. 12, Am. Today p. 
181, An. Hus. p. 339, An. 
p. 383, Loc. hid. p. 498, PI. 
& An. p. 601 
S. No. 122, 172, 183 
Holcombe, Arthur Norman, pp. 

xxx, 191 
Holland, Geo. p. 22, Pol. Geo. p. 
133. For. Beg. p. 157, Chil- 
dren p. 586, Read. pp. 608, 
622 
S. No. 399 to 403 
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, p. xiv 
Home, Com. Civ. p. 205, Cities p. 
236, Tex. & CI. p. 426, 
Arct. p. 460, House Dsn. 
p. 517, Home Geo. pp. 642, 
643, 648 
Home, Farm, and Farm Life, p. 

355 to 361 
Home Geography, p. 641 to 652 
Home, Industries Supplying the, 

pp. 405 to 408 
Home Life — Children of World, 

p. 589 
Homer, Biog. p. 299 
Homes, Arct. p. 460, House Dsn. 



INDEX 



685 



pp. 517 to 531, Home Geo. 
pp. 643, 648 
Homes — Historic, Arct. p. 461, 
Home Geo. p. 643 
S. No. 9, 37, 91, 96, 113, 354, 
355, 362, 372 
Homes — Primitive, Children, p. 

592 
Homes — Simple, Home Geo. p. 
642 
S. No. 113, 205, 373, 402, 409, 
411, 517, 533, 546 
Homespun, Cos. Dsn. p. 535 
Homestead Act, Com. Civ. p. 

206 
Home Sweet Home — J. Howard 
Payne, Lit. Sub. p. 255, 
Read. p. 609 
Hongkong, China, Geo. p. 26, Pol. 
Geo. p. 128 
S. No. 513 
Honolulu, Geo. p. 16, Cos. Dsn. p. 
539, Read. p. 628 
S. No. 260, 261 
Hoover, Herbert C, Biog. p. 287 
Horace, Quintus Horatius Flaccus, 

Biog. p. 299 
Horatius at the Bridge, Lit. Sub. p. 

254 
Horse Cars, Trans, p. 76 

S. No. 474 
Horses, Geo. pp. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 
20, 22, 25, Prod. Mfg. p. 
67, Trans, p. 75, An. p. 
377, Tex & CI. p. 423, Loc. 
Ind. p. 497, PI. & An. p. 
601 
Horses, Carriage, An. Hus. p. 338, 
An. p. 378 
S. No. 195, 207, 221, 312, 383 
Horses, Draft, An. Hus. p. 337, 
An. p. 377 
S. No. 42, 71, 136, 138, 149, 
166, 198, 218, 357, 398 
Horses, Saddle, An. Hus. p. 338, 
An. p. 378, Photo pp. 544, 
549, 550 
S. No. 71, 127. 186, 188, 193, 
464, 494, 585 
Horticulture, Prod. Mfg. p. 66, See 
Orchards. 
S. No. 44, 85, 175, 234, 236, 
237, 238, 302, 303, 319, 
390, 437, 530 



Hosic, James Fleming, pp. xxxii, 

259 
Hotel, House Dsn. p. 528 

S. No. 441 
Hot Springs, Ntl. F. p. 99 

S. No. 192, 193, 194 
Houghton, Lord, Lit. Sub. p. 254, 

Read. p. 610 
House, Cities p. 236, House Dsn. 

pp. 517 to 531 
Houseboats, Trans, p. 78, Arct. p. 
462 
S. No. 457, 514, 546 
House Design and Decoration, pp. 

517 to 531 
House Design and Decoration; 
Costume Design, pp. 517 
to 541 
Household Administration, pp. 

431 to 433 
Housekeeping, Children pp. 584, 

590 
Housekeeping, Primitive, Children 

p. 593 . 
House Planning, House Adm. p. 

433 
Housework, House Adm. p. 

432 
Howells, William Dean, Biog. p. 

287 
Howe, Samuel Gridley, Biog. p. 

287 
How the Leaves Came Down, Lit. 

Sub. p. 254 
How to Study Stereographs and 

Slides, p. xi 
How to Use Stereographs & 

Slides, p. xv 
Hudson, Henry, F. Am. Na. p. 
161 
S. No. 39, 51 
Hudson River, Geo. p. 6, Trans, p. 
79, Com. Civ. p. 203 
S. No. 38, 39, 51 
Huerta, Victoriano, Biog. p. 287 
Hugo, Victor Marie, Biog. p. 300 
Humned Cattle. An. p. 380 

S. No. 548, 562 
Hungary, Geo. p. 24, Pol. G. 137 

S. No. 464 
Hunting, Prod. Mfg. p. 63 

S. No. 2, 110, 345, 415, 577, 
578 
Husbandry, Animal, pp. 335 to 340 



686 



INDEX 



Huskers, The — Whittier, Lit. Sub. 

p. 253 
Huxley, Thomas Henry, Biog. p. 

300 
Hyperboreans, Lit. Sub. p. 257 
Hydra, Lit. Sub. p. 256 
Hygiene — Health Habits, pp. 

501 to 505 
Hymn to the North Star — 

Bryant, Lit. Sub. p. 248 



Ibsen, Henrik, Biog. p. 300 
Ice, Geo. p. 20, Ntl. F. p. 100 
S. No. 342, 344, 345, 346 
Ice Fields, Ntl F. p. 101 

S. No. 344, 345, 346 
Ice Fields, work of, Ntl. F. p. 101 
Idaho, Geo. p. 13, Read. p. 617 

S. No. 190 
If 1 Were a Sunbeam — Lucy 
Larcom, Lit. Sub. p. 250 
Iguazu Falls, Geo. p. 18 

S. No. 318 
I Have a Little Shadow — R. L. 

Stevenson, Read. p. 607 
Illinois, Geo. p. 10 

S. No. 139 to 148 
Immigration, Geo. pp. 6, 19, Dev. 
Na. pp. 169, 176, Govt. p. 
200 
S. No. 32, 319 
Immigration Bureau, Govt. p. 200 

S. No. 32 
Implements, Farm. M. pp. 352, 353, 
Ind. Dsn. p. 444 
S. No. 178, 179, 180, 198, 332, 
488, 549, 561 
Inca, Geo. p. 19 
S. No. 331 
Inclined Planes, Ind. Dsn. pp. 441, 
442 
S. No. 62, 75, 181, 216, 440 
India, Geo. p. 26, Pol. Geo. p. 12V, 
Com. Civ. p. 204, House 
Dsn. p. 523, Read. p. 626, 
Trav. & Lee. p. 657 
S. No. 499 to 508 
Indiana, Geo. p. 10 

S. No. 136 to 138 
Indian Folk Stories, Lit. Sub. p. 

254 
Indians, Geo. pp. 11, 12, 13, 16, 19, 
Peo. p. 41, F. Am. Na. p. 



162, House Dsn. p. 529, 
Cos. Dsn. p. 541, Children 
pp. 584, 592, Read. p. 618 

S. No. 98, 158, 163, 169, 182, 
204, 211, 244, 263, 265, 
328 
Indian Stories, Read. p. 608 
Industrial Arts, p. 435 
Industrial Design Including Ar- 
chitecture, pp. 437 to 468 
Industrial Geography, pp. 45 to 72 
Industries. Prod. Mfg. pp. 45 to 
72, Am. Today pp. 179 to 
189, Ind. Sup. Home pp. 
405 to 408, Tex. & CI. 
pp 421 to 429, Wood pp. 
469 to 473, Metals, pp. 475 
to 481, Con. Stone B. & 
T. pp. 483 to 489 
Inland Voyage — Stevenson, Lit. 

Sub. p. 252 
Innsbruck, Geo. p. 24 

S. No. 460 
Interior, Arct. p. 463, Photo, p. 
550 
S. No. 33, 88, 89, 92, 352, 372, 
417, 533 
Interior, D£partment of, Govt. p. 

199 
International Relations, Govt. p. 

201 
Interstate Commerce Com. Govt. 

p. 200 
lo, Lit. Sub. p. 257 
Ionic Architecture, Arct. p. 451 

S. No. 9, 89, 90, 91, 384 
Iowa. Geo. p. 12 

S. No. 170 to 173 
Ireland, Geo. p. 21, Pol. Geo. p. 
129, House Dsn. p. 524, 
Read. p. 620 
S. No. 374 to 382 
Irish. Peo. p. 36, For. Beg. p. 156 
S. No. 374, 375, 378, 380, 381 
Iron, Geo. pp. 7, 10, 11. Prod. Mfg. 
pp. 57, 64, 69, Am. To- 
day p. 182, Metals p. 476, 
Loc. Ind. p. 492, Read. p. 
616 
S. No. 62, 63, 64, 128, 154, 

163, 164 
Iroquois, F. Am. A T a. p. 161 

S. No. 265 
Irrigation, Geo. p. 13, Prod. Mfg. 
p. 61, Dev. Na. p. 177, 



INDEX 



687 



Com. Civ. p. 206, Soils p. 
316, Farm. M. p. 344 
S. No. 104, 199, 209, 210, 237, 
527, 528, 530, 549, 564, 
569 
Irving, Washington, Lit. Sub. p. 

249, Biog. p. 287 
Islands, Ntl. F. pp. 104, 105 

S. No. 25, 99, 256, 369, 382, 
401 
Isle of Beauty, Lit. Sub. p. 255 
Isthmus, Ntl. F. p. 104 

S. No. 432 
Italy, Geo. p. 24, Pol. Geo. p. 134, 
For. Beg. p. 154, House 
Dsn. p. 524, Read. p. 624 
S. No. 450 to 459 
Ivan the Great, Biog. p. 300 
Ivory, Prod. Mfg. p. 61, Eat & 
Wear, p. 639 
S. No. 505, 509, 573, 577, 578 
Ivy, Boston, PL Asso. p. 371 

S. No. 37 
Ivy, English, PI. Asso. p. 371 
S. No. 354, 362, 376. 



Jack Frost, Lit. Sub. p. 254 
Jackson, Helen Hunt, Lit. Sub. p. 

249 
Jackson, Patrick, Dev. Na. p. 166 
Jacobs, Harry W., pp. xxxix, 509 
Jaipur, India, Geo. p. 26, Trans, p. 
78, Cities p. 226, An. p. 
382 
S. No. 504, 505 
Jamaica, Geo. p. 18, Pol. Geo. p. 
128, Read, p. 628 
S. No. 301 
James I of England, Biog. p. 300 
Japan, Geo. p. 27, Peo. p. 41. Prod. 
Mfg. p. 68, Pol. Geo. p. 
139, Cities pp. 223, 234, 
237, Arct. pp. 450, 453, 459, 
House Dsn. p. 524, Chil- 
dren, pp. 587, 588, Read. 
p. 624, Trav. & Lee. p. 
657 
S. No. 525 to 541 
Japanese Architecture, Arct. pp. 
450, 453 
S. No. 526, 533 to 536 
Jardine, W. M., pp. xxxiii, 319 
Jason, Lit. Sub. p. 257 



Java, Geo. p. 28, Pol. Geo. p. 133, 
Ntl. F. p. 107 
S. No. 545 
Jefferson, Mark, pp. xxvi, 31 
Jefferson, Thomas, Dev. Na. p. 
166, Biog. p. 288 
S. No. 80, 87, 91 
Jericho Road, Geo. p. 26 

S. No. 496 
Jersey Cattle, Geo. p. 21, Prod. 
Mfg. p. 67, An. p. 379 
S. No. 364 
Jersey Island, Geo. p. 21 

S. No. 364 
Jerusalem, Geo. p. 26, Pol. Geo. p. 
137, For. Beg. p. 152, 
Cities pp. 221, 241, Lit. 
Sub. p. 255 
S. No. 495 
Jesus, Biog. p. 300 

S. No. 495, 497 
Jewelry, Mfg., Geo. p. 5, Prod. 
Mfg. p. 69, Eat & Wear, 
p. 639 
S. No. 21, 512 
Jews, Peo. p. 38, Mkts. p. 88, Pol. 
Geo. p. 138 
S. No. 485, 497, 498 
Job, Lit. Sub. p. 258 
Joffre, Joseph Jacque Cesaire, 
Geo. p. 10, Dev. Na. p. 
175, Biog. p. 300 
S. No. 146 
Johannesburg, Geo. p. 29 

S. No. 579 
Johnson, Emery R., pp. xxvi, 73 
Jordal Valley, Geo. p. 22, Ntl. F. 
p. 100 
S. No. 408 
Joseph, Biog. p. 300 
Josephus, Flavius, Biog.. p. 300 
Joshua, Biog. p. 300 
Juniper, PL Asso. p. 369 

S. No. 206 
Juno, Lit. Sub. p. 255 
Jupiter, Lit. Sub. p. 255 
Justice, Dept., Govt. p. 198 

S. No. 89 
Just So Stories — Kipling, Lit. 
Sub. p. 249 



K 



Kaffirs, Peo. p. 43 
S. No. 581 



688 



INDEX 



Kangaroos, Geo. p. 30, -Prod. Mfg. 

p. 55, An. p. 384, PI. & 

An. p. 601 
S. No. 588 
Kansas, Geo. p. 12, Ntl. F. p. 106, 

Zones p. 116 
S. No. 183 to 186 
Kansk, Siberia, Geo. p. 28, Peo. p. 

38, Cos. Dsn. p. 537 
S. No. 544 
Karnak, Egypt, Geo. p. 29, Com. 

Civ. p. 204, Cities p. 223, 

^4rc/. pp. 448, 453, Con. 

Stone B. & T. pp. 485, 

487 
S. No. 568 
Kashmir, Geo. p. 26, Peo. p. 39, 

Prod. Mfg. p. 54, Pol. 

Geo. p. 129, Ind. Sup. 

Home p. 407, House Dsn. 

p. 524, Cos. Dsn. p. 538 
S. No. 506 
Keats, Lit. Sub. p. 254 
Kenilworth, Scott, Lit. Sub. p. 252 
Kentucky, Geo. p. 9, Farm C. p. 

324, T^ad. p. 615 
S. No. 112, 113 
Kerchief, Cos. Dsn. pp. 535, 536 
Kerosene, See Oil 
Key, Francis Scott, Lit. Sub. p. 

255 
Kief, Russia, Geo. p. 25, Cities, p. 

226, Food & Ckry. p. 412 
S. No. 486, 487 
Killarney, Geo. p. 21, Lit. Sub. p. 

255 
S. No. 377, 378 
Kimberley, Geo. p. 29, Peo. p. 43, 

Prod. Mfg. p. 64, Read, p. 

627 
S. No. 581 
Kim— Kipling, Lit. Sub. p. 250. 
Kimonos, Cos. Dsn. p. 539 

S. No. 532, 534, 535, 536 
Kipling, Rudyard, Lit. Sub. p. 249 
Kirby, C. Valentine, pp. xxxix, 

507 
Kiryu, Japan, Geo. p. 27, Peo. p. 

41, Prod. Mfg. p. 68 
S. No. 539, 540, 541 
Kitchener, Horatio Herbert, Earl 

Kitchener, Biog. p. 300 
Knox, John, Biog. p. 301 
Korea, See Chosen 
Kremlin, The, Geo. p. 25, Cities 



pp. 221, 223, 242, Arct. p. 
448 
S. No. 483 



Labor, Farm M. p. 350 

Labor and Equipment, Farm M. p. 

350 
Labor and Field Crops, Farm M. 

p. 351 
Labor and Fruit Crops, Farm M. 

p. 351 
Labor and Live Stock, Farm M. p. 

351 
Labor Disputes, Dev. Na. pp. 169, 

171, Govt. p. 200 
Labrador, Geo. p. 16, Trans, p. 77, 
An. p. 382, Hyg. p. 504, 
Cos. Dsn. p. 540, PI. & 
An. p. 600 
S. No. 279 
Lady Moon — Lord Houghton, Lit. 
Sub. p. 254, Read. p. 610 
Lady of the Lake, The — Scott, 

Lit. Sub. p. 252. 
Lafayette, Marquis de, Biog. p. 

301 
La Guaira, Geo. p. 19, Peo. p. 34, 
Mkts. p. 88, Zones p. 110, 
Cities, pp. 221, 242, Food 
& Ckry. p. 412, House 
Dsn. p. 527 
S. No. 338, 339 
Lake District, Eng., Geo. p. 21 

S. No. 361, 362 
Lakes, Ntl. F. p. 102, Home Geo. 
p. 652 
Glacial, Ntl. F. p. 103 

S. No. 48, 154, 361, 369, 377, 
459 
Non Glacial. Ntl. F. p. 103 

S. No. 222, 293 
Plains, Ntl. F. p. 105 
S. No. 47, 149, 166 
Lakes, Effect on Human Affairs, 

Nil. F. p. 103 
Landscape, Drazv. p. 514, Photo. 
pp. 552 to 554 
S. No. 38, 51, 102, 276, 288, 
427, 444, 446, 448, 508 
Landscape Gardening, Gdn. Orch. 
' & W. p. 328 
S. No. 10, 36, 37, 91, 93, 95, 
259, 360, 362, 535 



INDEX 



689 



Lansing, Robert, Biog. p. 288 

S. No. 92 
Lapland, Geo. p. 22, Peo. p. 40, 
Zones p. 120, An. p. 382, 
Food & Ckry. p. 412, 
Tex. & CI. p. 429, Cos. 
Dsn. p. 534, Children p. 
586, Eat. & Wear p. 631 
S. No. 413 to 415 
Larcom, Lucy, Lit. Sub. p. 250 
La Salle, Rene Robert Cavelier, 
de, Sieur, Biog. p. 288, F. 
Am. Na. p. 160 
Lasso, Geo. p. 12 

S. No. 186 
Latin People in Europe, Peo. p. 37 

S. No. 423, 438, 455, 471 
Latitudes, High, Earth N. p. 144 
S. No. 243 to 246, 279, 328, 
342 to 346 
Laundry, House A dm. p. 432 

S. No. 40, 431, 455 
Laurier, Sir Wilfrid, Biog. p. 288 
Lauterbrunnen Valley, Geo. p. 23 

S. No. 444 
Latin People in America, Peo. p. 
34 
S. No. 306, 319, 336, 337, 339 
Lava, Soils, p. 313 

S. No. 453 
Lawns, PL Asso. p. 368 

S. No. 37, 91, 316, 482, 586, 
587 
Lawrence, Mass., Geo. p. 5, Prod. 
Mfg. p. 68, Cities, p. 224, 
hid. Sup. Home, p. 407, 
Read. p. 614 
S. No. 14 to 18 
Lead, Geo. p. 12, Prod. Mfg. p. 64, 
Metals, p. 476 
S. No. 176 
Leak in the Dike — Cary, Read. p. 

610 
Leather, Geo. pp. 5, 16, Prod. Mfg. 
p. 55, Eat & Wear p. 639, 
Home Geo. pp. 646, 650 
S. No. 11, 12, 41, 272 
Leather Shoes, Geo. p. 5, Prod. 
Mfg. p. 69 
S. No. 11, 12, 41 
Leaves of Plants, PI. Asso. pp. 
366, 369, 374 
S. No. 44, 71, 238, 249, 259, 
294, 551, 574 
L'Enfant, Dev. Na. p. 165 



Lee, General Robert E., Biog. p. 

288 
Legumes, Food & Ckry. p. 415 

S. No. 118, 183, 562 
Lehnerts, E. M., pp. xxviii, 121 
Levees, Am. Today, p. 189, Com. 
Civ. p. 207, Cities, p. 230, 
Read. p. 615 
S. No. 119, 148 
Leverage, Ind. Dsn. p. 440 

S. No. 65, 130, 147, 156, 366, 
449, 581 
Levers, Ind. Dsn. pp. 440, 442 

S. No. 130, 147, 156, 250, 418 
Lewis and Clark, Lit. Sub. p. 254 
Lexington, Mass., Geo. p. 5, F. 
Am. Na. p. 164, Com. Civ. 
p. 205, Cities, pp. 222, 233, 
Arct. p. 449, House Dsn. 
p. 530, Read. p. 615 
S. No. 10 
Liberty Bell, Geo. p. 7, Govt. p. 
202 
S. No. 80 
Liberty Bonds, Dev. Na. p. 175 
Librarian, Voc. Guid. p. 400 
Library, Govt. p. 200 

S. No. 95 
Life Saving Corps, Geo. p. 8, Govt. 
p. 197, Com. Civ. p. 207 
S. No. 99 
Light, Earth N. p. 143, Com. Civ. 
p. 207, Ind. Dsn. p. 440, 
Hyg. p. 504, Photo, p. 546 
Light, fixtures, Arct. p. 467 
Light, Relation to Plants, PI. Asso. 

p. 374 
Li Hung Chang, Biog. p. 301 
Lime, Am. Today p. 186 
Lincoln, Abraham, Geo. pp. 9, 10, 
Lit. Sub. p. 250, Biog. p. 
288. Read. p. 608 
S. No. 73, 88, 91, 92, 113, 146 
Linen, Geo. p. 16, Prod. Mfg. p. 
68, Tex. & CI. p. 425, 
Metals p. 478, Eat & 
Wear p. 637, Home Geo. 
pp. 645, 646, 650 
S. No. 40, 268, 269 
Lines, Structural, Arct. p. 450 
Lintel, Arct. p. 454 

S. No. 89, 91, 92, 351, 506, 
568 
L'Isle, Roget de, Lit. Sub. p. 255 



690 



INDEX 



Literary Subjects and Settings, 

pp. 245 to 258 
Little Brown Baby, Read. p. 611 
Little Dark Girl, Read. p. 612 
Little Drops of Water, Read. p. 

610 
Little Mountain Girl, Read. p. 612 
Little Pappoose, Read. p. 610 

S. No. 158, 204 
Liverpool, Geo. p. 20, Peo. p. 35, 
Prod. Mfg. p. 72, Trans. 
p. 82, Pol. Geo. p. 128, 
Earth N. p. 146, Cities p. 
231 
S. No. 347 
Livestock, Prod. Mfg. p. 67, Dev. 
Na. p. 171, Farm C. p. 325, 
Farm M. p. 346 
S. No. 127, 172, 173, 183, 185, 
186, 188, 190 
Livingstone, David, Biog. p. 301 
Llama, Geo. p. 19, Trans, p. 77, 
An. p. 381, Tex. & CI. p. 
424, PL & An. p. 602 
S. No. 335 
Lloyd George, David, Biog. p. 301 

S. No. 352 
Local Government, Pol. Geo. pp. 
123, 129, 130, 136, Govt. 
p. 192 
Local Industries, pp. 491 to 499 
Loch Katrine, Geo. p. 21, Ntl. F. 
p. 103 
S. No. 369 
Lock, Geo. pp. 11, 15, Dev. Na. p. 
173, Arct. p. 465 
S. No. 154, 252, 253 
Locomotives, Geo. p. 7, Trans, p. 
84, Com. Civ. p. 208, 
Metals p. 477, Hyg. p. 503 
S. No. 43, 82, 101, 163, 330, 
575 
Lodge, Henry Cabot, Lit. Sub. p. 

251 
Loess Soil, Soil p. 314 
Logs, Geo. pp. 4, 11, 14, Wood p. 
471, Hyg. p. 505 
S. No. 1, 162, 215, 216, 509 
Log Cabin, Hyg. p. 504, House 
Dsn. p. 529 
S. No. 113, 409 
London, Geo. p. 20, Peo. p. 35, 
Mkts. p. 89, Pol. Geo. p. 
128, Cities pp. 221, 223, 
225 



S. No. 348 to 352 

London Bank, Geo. p. 20, Com. 
Civ. p. 204, Cities, p. 235, 
Arct. p. 461 
S. No. 351 
London Bridge, Lit. Sub. p. 255, 
Arct. p. 464 
S. No. 348 
London, Jack, Lit. Sub. p. 254 
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 
Geo. p. 5, Lit. Sub. p. 250, 
Biog. p. 289, Read. p. 609 
S. No. 9 
Longitude and Time, Earth N. p. 
145 
S. No. 353 
Lookout Mt, Geo. p. 9, Dev. Na. 
p. 169 
S. No. 114 
Lotefos, The, Geo. p. 22 

S. No. 407 
Louis IX (France), Biog. p. 301 
Louis XVI (France), Biog. p. 301 
Louise, Read. p. 612 
Louisiana, Geo. p. 9, Prod. Mfg. 
p. 52, Cities p. 230 
S. No. 119, 120 
Lowell, Francis, Dev. Na. p. 166 
Lowell, James Russell, Lit. Sub. p. 

251, Biog. p. 289 
Lucerne, Switzerland, Geo. p. 23 

S. No. 442 
Lumber, Geo. pp. 9, 14, Dev. 
Na. p. 170, Am. Today, 
p. 185, Voc. Guid. p. 395, 
Wood p. 471, Loc. Ind. p. 
499 
S. No. 107, 217, 523 
Lunar Illumination, Earth N. p. 
146 
S. No. 594, 595 
Luther, Martin, Biog. p. 301 
Luzon, P. I.. Geo. p. 28 
S. No. 546 to 553 



M 



Maccabc-eus, Judas, Biog. p. 301 
Macaulav, Thomas Babington, Lit. 

Sub. p. 254, Biog. p. 301 
Machinery, Prod. Mfg. p. 70, Dev. 

Na. p. 171, Ind. Dsn. p. 

443, Metals p. 477 
S. No. 53, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 

78, 128, 179, 541 



INDEX 



691 



Farm, Farm M. p. 354, Metals 
p. 481 
S. No. 44, 136, 160, 161, 166, 
177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 
218, 233, 357, 497 
Machinery, Farm — Farm Man- 
agement, pp. 341 to 354 
Madras, Geo. p. 26, Trans, p. 81, 
Arct. p. 449, House Dsn. 
p. 525 
S. No. 499 
Madrid, Geo. p. 23, Pol. Geo. p. 
132, Cities pp. 221, 234 
S. No. 435 
Magellan, Fernando de, Biog. p. 

289 
Maguey, Prod. Mfg. p. 53 

S. No. 285, 287 
Mahony, Francis Sylvester, Lit. 

Sub. p. 254 
Maine, Geo. p. 4 

S. No. 1, 2 
Maine. The, Dcv. Na. p. 172 

S. No. 296 
Maize, See Corn 

Making Maple Sugar, Read. p. 610 j 
Making of an American, The, Lit* 

Sub. p. 254 
Manchuria, Geo. p. 27, Read. p. 
625 
S. No. 523 
Manila Hemp, Geo. p. 28, Prod. 
Mfg. p. 53, Farm C. p. 325, 
PL Asso. p. 370, Tex. & 
CI. p. 425 
S. No. 552, 553 
Manila, P. I.. Mkts. p. 90, Zones 
p. 113, Dcv. Na. p. 172, 
Cities p. 227, House Dsn. 
p. 525 
S. No. 546, 547 
Mantels, Arct. p. 467, House Dsn. 
pp. 530, 531 
S. No. 33, 92, 372 
Manufacturing, Prod. Mfg. p. 68, 
Dcv. Na. p. 170, Voc. 
Guid. p. 396, Tex. & CI. 
p. 424, hid. Dsn. p. 446, 
Home Geo. p. 646 
Maple Sugar, Prod. Mfg. p. 47, 
Am. Today p. 185, PI. 
Asso. p. 370, Wood p. 470, 
hoc. hid. p. 497, Read. p. 
614, Eat & Wear p. 633 



S. No. 130 

Marble, Geo. p. 5, Prod. Mfg. p. 

59, Am. Today p. 185, 

Con. Stone B. & T. p. 

485, Loc. hid. p. 493 
S. No. 4, 5, 36, 87 
Marconi, Guglielmo, Biog. p. 301 
Marie Antoinette, Biog. p. 301 
Mariposa Grove, Geo. p. 14, PL 

Asso. pp. 367, 369 
S. No. 229 
Marken, Island of, Geo. p. 22 

S. No. 401 
Markets, Geo. pp. 5, 21, 22, 23, 29, 

Mkts. p. 87, Com. Civ. p. 

203, Farm M. p. 348, Voc. 

Guid. p. 399, hid. Sup. 

Home p. 408, Children pp. 

592, 594, Home (Teo. p. 

644 
S. No. 7, 109, 375, 387, 393, 

395, 423, 447, 466, 469, 

484, 485, 555, 572 
Market Centers, Mkts. p. 88 
Market Gardening, Voc. Guid. p. 

395 
Markets and Marketing, pp. 87 to 

96 
Mars, Geo. p. 30, Earth N. p. 147, 

Lit. Sub. p. 256 
S. No. 596 
Marseillaise, Lit. Sub. p. 255 
Marseilles, France, Geo. p. 23, 

Mkts. p. 88, Cities p. 231 
S. No. 429 
Marshall, John, Biog. p. 289 
Mary Had a Little Lamb, Read. p. 

610 
Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, 

Biog. p. 302 
Maryland, Geo. p. 8 

S. No. 86 
Massachusetts, Geo. p. 5, Prod. 

Mfg. p. 68, Tex. & CI. p. 

425 
S. No. 6 to 20 
Mason, Voc. Guid. p. 397 
Masonry, Con. Stone B. & T. p. 

486 
S. No. 27, 174, 331, 348, 366, 

379, 391, 392, 397, 450, 

470, 565, 569 
Matterhorn, The, Geo. p. 24, Nth 

F. p. 107 
S. No. 448 



692 



INDEX 



Maulmain, Burma, Geo. p. 26 

S. No. 509 
Maximilian — Ferdinand Maxi- 
milian Joseph, Biog. pp. 

289, 302 
Mayon, Mt. Geo. p. 28, Zones p. 

118 
S. No. 548 
McCarthy, Charles H., pp. xxxii, 

279 
McFarlane, Charles T., pp. xxv, 1 
McGuire, Lelia, pp. xxxvi, 409 
McKinley, William, Dev. Na. p. 

170. Biog. p. 289 
McMurry, Frank M., pp. xi, xxv 
Meat, Geo. p. 10, Prod. Mfg. p. 50, 

Mkts. p. 91, Food & Ckry. 

p. 411, hid. Sup. Home p. 

498, Eat & Wear p. 634, 

Home Geo. pp. 644, 649. 

See Cattle, Hogs, Sheep, 

etc. 
S. No. 127, 140, 141, 142, 143, 

144, 173, 183, 185 
Meat Industry, hid. Sup. Home p. 

498 
S. No. 140 to 144 
Meade, General George Gordon 

Biog. p. 289 
Mechanical Construction, hid 

Dsn. p. 441 
Mechanical Power, hid. Dsn. p 

440 
Mediterranean Climate, Zones p 

113 
Mediterranean World, For. Beg 

p. 153 
Mees, C. E. K., pp. xxxix, 543 
Melbourne. Geo. p. 30. Pol Geo. p. 

129, Cities p. 221, Read. p. 

627 
S. No. 587 
Melville, Lit. Sub. p. 255 
Memorials, Arct. p. 463 

S. No. 146, 356, 365, 368, 451, 

502, 561, 565, 568 
Mendoza River, Soils p. 313 

S. No. 321 
Mercury. Lit. Sub. r>. 256 
Mesa. Ntl. F. p. 108 
Mesabi Range, Prod. Mfg. pp. 57, 

64 
S. No. 163 
Mes-uitc. Pi Asso. p. 370 
S. No. 209 



Metal, hid. Sup. Home p. 406, hid. 

Dsn. pp. 438, 446, Arct. p. 

467, Metals pp. 475, 476, 

477 

Metals — Sources and Uses, pp. 

475 to 481 
Meteor, Geo. p. 30, Earth N. p. 148 

S. No. 599 
Method of Using Stereographs & 

Slides, xv to xx 
Methods. Modern Farming, Prod. 
Mfg. p. 46, Farm. C. p. 
320, Farm H. & F. L. 
p. 358, hid. Dsn. p. 444, 
metals p. 481 
S. No. 1.60, 166, 177, 178, 179, 
180, 181, 198, 199, 218, 
233, 357 
Primitive Farmins-. Prod. Mfg. 
p. 46, Farm C. p. 320, hid. 
Dsn. n. 444 
S. No. 341, 409, 479, 488, 497, 
498, 506, 522, 561, 562 
Meuse River, Geo. p. 22 

S. No. 397 
Mexican War, Dev. Na. p. 168, 

Am. Today p. 179 
Mexico, Geo. p. 17, Peo. p. 42, 
Prod. Mfg. pp. 52. 58. 
Trans, p. 81, Zones p. 112, 
Pol. Geo. p. 124, F. Am. 
Na. p. 163, Tex. & CI, p. 
425, Arct. p. 458, Metals 
p. 475. Con. Stone B. & T. 
p. 485, House Dsn. p. 525, 
Cos. Dsn. pp. 533. 534. 
Photo, p. 554, Children 
p. 585, Trav. & Lee. p. 
656 
S. No. 280 to 290 
Mexico City, Geo. p. 17, Pol. Geo. 
p. 124, Dev. Na. p. 174, 
Cities p. 221 
S. No. 282 
Michelangelo, Buonarroti, Biog. p. 

302 
Michigan, Geo. p. 11, Prod. Mfg. 
pp. 58, 64, Trans, pp. 79, 
81 
S. No. 149 to 158 
Middle Atlantic States. Geo. p. 5, 
Trav. & Lee. p. 654 
S. No. 25 to 84 
Milan — Cathedral, Geo. p. 24, 



INDEX 



693 



Com. Civ. p. 204, Cities p. 
223, Arct. pp. 448, 453 
S. No. 458 

Military Uniforms, Cos. Dsn. p. 
535 
S. No. 146, 266, 366, 476, 585 

Milk, Geo. pp. 6, 7, 20, 22, 25, 
Prod. Mfg. p. 50. Food & 
Ckry. p. 412, Children p. 
591, Eat & Wear p. 631, 
Home Geo. pp. 644, 
649 
S. No. 46, 57, 339, 396, 403, 
411, 413, 487 

Miller, Emilv Huntingdon, Lit. 
Sub. "p. 254 

Mills, see Factories 

Miltiades, Biog. p. 302 

Minaret. Arct. p. 448 
S. No. 473, 493, 502 

Minerva, Lit. Sub. p. 256 

Mines and Mining, Geo. pp. 7, 11, 
12, 14, 15, Prod. Mfg. pp. 
56, 59, 63, Dev. Na. p. 171, 
Com. Civ. pp. 204, 207, 
Voc. Guid. p. 395, hid. 
Sup. Home p. 405, Wood 
p. 472, Metals p. 475, 
Home Geo. n. 647 
S. No. 69, 70, 74 to 79, 115, 
122, 155, 163, 176, 187, 
214, 225, 245, 287, 579, 
581 

Mining Camp. Geo. pr>. 12, 14, 15, 
17, Com. Civ. p. 204, 
Metals p. 475, Read. p. 617 
S. No. 187, 214, 246, 287 

Minneapolis. Geo. p. 11, Com. Civ. 
v. 204. Cities p. 225 
S. No. 167 

Minnesota. Geo. p. 11, Trans, pp. 

75. 81, Zones p. 116, Farm 

C. p. 325. Farm H. & 

F. L. p. 361. Wood p. 469 

S. No. 162 to 169 

Mint, Gen. p. 8, Prod. Mfg. p. 58, 
Govt. p. 197 
S. No. 84 

Minute Men, Geo. p. 5, F. Am. 
Na. p. 164 
S. No. 10 

Minck, G. A., pp. xl, 581 

Missionary Hvmn, The, Lit. Sub. 
p." 255 

Mississippi River, Geo. pp. 9, 11, 



12, Nil. F. pp. 102, 105, 
Am. Today p. 189, Read. 
p. 615 
S. No. 119, 148, 170, 174 
Mississippi (State), Geo. p. 9, 
Read. p. 615 
S. No. 117 
Missouri, Geo. p. 12 

S. No. 174 to 176 
Mlembo River, Geo. p. 29 

S. No. 577 
Mohammed, Biog. p. 302 
Mohammedan Architecture, Arct. 

pp. 448, 453 
Moltke, von, Helmuth Karl Bern- 
hard, Biog. p. 302 
Mombasa, Geo. p. 29, Zones p. 110 

S. No. 573 
Monaco, Geo. p. 23, Zones p. 113 

S. No. 432 
Mon^y, Prod. Mfg. p. 61, Dev. Na. 
pp. 169, 175, Metals p. 477 
S. No. 84, 94 
Mongolians, Pee. p. 40 

S. No. 343, 510, 519, 523, 530, 
532, 538, 543 
Monsoon Regions. Zones p. 113 
Montana. Geo. p. 12, Prod. Mfg. p. 
58 
S. No. 187 to 189 
Montcalm de Saint-Veran, de. 
Louis Joseph, Marquis, 
Biog. p. 289 
Montevideo, Geo. p. 18, Photo, p. 
551 
S. No. 312, 313 
Montgomery, Richard, Biog. p. 

289 
Montreal. Geo. p. 16, Trans, pp. 
81, 82, 83, 84, F. Am. Na. 
p. 163, Com. Civ. p. 204, 
Cities p. 242 
S. No. 267 
Monuments, Cities P. 221, Arct. p. 
463, Con. Stone B. & T. 
n. 486 
S No. 283. 368. 380, 385, 391, 
416, 433, 450, 460 
Moon, The, Geo. p. 30, Earth N. 
p. 146, Read. p. 610 
S. No. 594, 595 
Moose, Geo. p. 4, An. p. 382, PI. 
& An. p. 602, Read. p. 
618 
S. No. 2 



694 



INDEX 



Moraines, Lateral 
S. No. 428 
Terminal, 

S. No. 276, 427 
Material carried, 
S. No. 274, 428 
More, Sir Thomas, Biog. p. 302 
Mormons, Dei'. Na. p. 168 
Morocco, Geo. p. 28, Mkts. p. 87, 
Pol Geo. p. 132, Children 
p. 588 
S. No. 555 
Moscow, Geo. p. 25, Pol. Geo. p. 
138, Cities pp. 223, 242, 
Photo, p. 551 
S. No. 483 
Moses, Biog. p. 302 
Moslems, Geo. p. 26, Pol. Geo. p. 
129 
S. No. 503 
Mosques, Cities p. 235, Arct. p. 
459 
S. No. 466, 473, 483, 493, 495, 
503, 558 
Moti Guy, Mutineer — Kipling, 

Lit. Sub. p. 250 
Mount Hood, Geo. p. 14, Ntl. 
F. p. 107, Zones p. 
119 
S. No. 221 
Mount Pilatus, Geo. p. 23, Ntl. F. 
p. 106 
S. No. 440, 441 
Mount Rainier, Geo. p. 14, Ntl. F. 
p. 108 
S. No. 219 
Mount Tacoma, See Mt. Rainier 
Mount Vernon, Geo. p. 8, Dev. Na. 
p. 165, Govt. p. 192, Farm 
H. & F. L. pp. 356, 361, 
Arct. p. 461, House Dsn. 
p. 531 
S. No. 96 
Mountain Peaks, Ntl. F. p. 107 
S. No. 221, 276, 445, 447, 448, 
508 
Ranges, Ntl. F. p. 107 

S. No. 102, 213, 243, 276, 284 
Scenes, Trav. & Lee. p. 658. 
See Alpine Scenery 
S. No. 102, 219, 274, 275, 276, 
444, 446, 448, 449, 508 
System, Ntl. F. p. 107 
S. No. 508 



Mountains, Geo. pp. 8, 14, 16," 17, 
22, 23, Ntl. F. p. 106 
S. No. 102, 213, 219, 228, 230, 
274, 276, 409, 427, 428, 
440, 441, 444, 445, 447, 
448, 508, 522, 523 
Mountains, Effect on Human Af- 
fairs, Ntl. F. p. 108 
S. No. 187, 214, 243, 287, 408, 
413, 440, 441 
Mountains of World, Ntl. F. p. 108 
Old, Ntl. F. p. 107 

S. No. 38, 39, 102, 361 
Volcanic, Ntl. F. p. 107 

S. No. 221, 288, 291, 545, 453, 
525, 548 
Young, Ntl. F. p. 106 

S. No. 201, 213, 276, 322, 323, 
427, 440, 441, 445, 447, 
448, 508 
Mozart, John Wolfgang Amadeus, 

Biog. p. 302 
Muir, John, Lit. Sub. p. 254, Biog. 

pT290 
Mulberry, Geo. p. 27, Prod. Mfg. 
p. 54, Zones p. 116, PI. 
Asso. p. 370, An. p. 385, 
Tex. & CI. p. 423, Chil- 
dren, p. 588, Eat & Wear 
p. 638, Hume Geo. p. 645 
S. No. 537, 538 
Mules, Trans, p. 77, An. Hus. p. 
338, An. p. 378 
S. No. 124, 175, 249, 294, 311, 
438, 479 
Muskmelons. See Cantaloupes 
Mutton, Prod. Mfg. p. 51, Am. 
Today p. 181, An. Hus. 
p. 338, Eat & Wear p. 
634 
S. No. 145, 173, 190, 480, 589 
My Heart's in the Highlands — 

Burns, Lit. Sub. p. 248 
Mythology, Lit. Sub. p. 255 



N 



Name of Old Glory, The, Lit. Sub. 

p. 254 
Nainiir. Geo. p. 22 

S. No. 397 
Nanking, Geo. p. 27, Trans, p. 74, 
Cities p. 227 
S. No. 516 



INDEX 



695 



Naples, Geo. p. 24, Trans, p. 75, 
For. Beg. p. 154 
S. No. 454 
Napoleon Bonaparte, Biog. p. 302 
Narvaez, F. Am. Na. p. 163 
National Parks, Geo. pp. 13, 14, 
Govt. p. 199 
S. No. 191 to 197, 201, 208, 
219, 222, 228, 229 
Nature, Drazv. p. 514 
Nature Study, p. 363 
Natural Bridges, Arct. p. 464 

S. No. 200, 206 
Natural Features of earth surface, 
Ntl. F. p. 102, Home Geo. 
p. 651 
Natural Forms and Forces, pp. 

97 to 108 
Natural History, Photography, 

Photo, p. 554 
Naval Stores. See Turpentine & 

Tar 
Navy, Am. Today, p. 180, Com. 
Civ. p. 207 
S. No. 100, 242, 254 
Navy Department, Govt. p. 198 
Nazareth, Geo. p. 26, For. Beg. p. 
153, Lit. Sub. p. 247 
S. No. 497 
Nebraska, Geo. p. 12, Prod. Mfg. 
p. 65, Zones p. 116 
S. No. 180 to 182 
Negroes, Geo. pp. 9, 29, Peo. p. 
43, For. Beg. p. 158, F. 
Am. Na. p. 163, Dev. Na. 
pp. 166, 169, 177, Cos. Dsn. 
p. 540 
S. No. 105, 108, 115, 117 to 
119, 570, 572, 577, 578 
Nelson, Horatio, Lord Nelson, 

Biog. p. 302 
Nemean Lion, Lit. Sub. p. 256 
Neptune, Lit. Sub. p. 256 
Nets, Fishing, Tex. & CI. p. 428 

S. No. 226, 245 
Nevada, Geo. p. 14 

S. No. 214 
Newburg, N. Y., Geo. p. 6, F. Am. 
Na. p. 164 
S. No. 37 
New England States, Geo. p. 4, F. 
Am. Na. p. 163, Trav. & 
Lee. p. 654 
S. No. 1 to 24 



Newfoundland, Geo. p. 16, Pol. 
Geo. p. 128 
S. No. 278, 279 
New Guinea, Geo. p. 30, Peo. p. 
112, Zones p. 43, House 
Dsn. p. 525, Cos. Dsn. p. 
540 
S. No. 592 
New Llampshire, Geo. p. 5, Loc. 
Ind. p. 493 
S. No. 3 
New Jersey, Geo. p. 6 

S. No. 51 to 60 
New Mexico, Geo. p. 13 

S. No. 211 
New Orleans, Geo. p. 9, Mkts. p. 
93, Dev. Na. p. 169, Com. 
Civ. p. 204, Cities p. 230, 
Read. p. 615 
S. No. 119 
New South Wales, Geo. p. 30, Pol. 
Geo. p. 129 
S. No. 585 
Newton, Sir Isaac, Biog. p. 302 
New York City, Geo. pp. 5, 6 
Trans, p. 81, Mkts. p. 89 
Ntl. F. p. 104, Dev. Na. p 
167, Govt. p. 195, Com 
Civ. pp. 203, 208, 210, 212 
Cities pp. 220 to 222, 225 
Arct. p. 461, Hyg. p 
504 
S. No. 25 to 35 
New York (State), Geo. pp. 5, 6, 
Zones, p. 116, F. Am. Na. 
p. 163, Govt. p. 193 
S. No. 25 to 50 
New Zealand, Geo. p. 30, Pol. Geo. 
pp. 128, 130, House Dsn. 
p. 525, Read. p. 628 
S. No. 591 
Niagara Falls, Geo. p. 6, Nth F. p. 
100, F. Am. Na. p. 160, 
Govt. p. 196, Lit. Sub. p. 
249, Read. p. 616 
S. No. 49, 50 
Nicaragua, Geo. p. 17 
Nice, France, Geo. p. 23, Mkts. p. 
96, House Adm. p. 432, 
Children p. 590 
S. No. 431 
Nightingale, Geo. p. 21, Lit. Sub. 
p. 253, An. p. 386 
S. No. 359 
Nile River, The, Geo. p. 29, Prod. 



696 



INDEX 



Mfg. p. 62, Pol. Geo. p. 
128, Read. p. 626 
S. No. 561, 564, 569 
Nitrate, Geo. p. 19, Mkts. p. 94 

S. No. 325 
Nitro-Glycerine, Geo. p. 7 

S. No. 69, 70 
Nizhni Novgorod, Geo. p. 25, 
Mkts. p. 88 
S.. No. 484 
Nogi — Count Nogi Maresuke, 

Biog. p. 303 
Nolen, John, pp. xxxi, 219 
Norse Legends, Read. p. 610 
North America, Geo. p. 4, Read. p. 
613 
S. No. 1 to 303 
North Cape, Geo. p. 22, Ntl. F. p. 
103 
S. No. 414 
North Carolina, Geo. p. 8 

S. No. 102, 103 
North Central States, Geo. p. 10, 
Trav. & Lee. p. 655 
S. No. 128 to 186 
N. Dakota, Geo. p. 12, Zones p. 
117 
S. No. 177 
Northmen, For. Beg. p. 156 
Norton, Caroline, E. S., Lit. Sub. 

p. 254 
Norton, Mrs., Lit Sub. p. 251 
Notre Dame, Geo. p. 23, Com. Civ. 
p. 204, Cities pp. 223, 235, 
Arct. pp. 448, 452, 461, 
Con. Stone B. & T. p. 485 
S. No. 425 
Norway, Geo. p. 22, Pol. Geo. p. 
134, For. Beg. p. 157 
House Dsn. p. 525, Chil- 
dren p. 586, Read. p. 622, 
Eat & Wear p. 631 
S. No. 407 to 415 
Nova Scotia, Geo. p. 16, F. Am. 
Na. p. 163 
S. No. 262 
Nuremburg, Ger., Geo. p. 22, Com. 
Civ. p. 203 
S. No. 387 
Nuremburg — Longfellow, Geo. p. 
22, Read. p. 609 
S. No. 387 
Nuremburg Stove, Ouida, Lit. 

Sub. p. 251 
Nuts, Prod. Mfg. p 49, Food & 



Ckry. p. 415, Children pp. 
583, 590, Eat & Wear p. 
636 
S. No. 118, 234, 551 



Oak, Wood p. 470 

S. No. 146, 369 
Oasis, Geo. p. 29, Zones p. 114 

S. No. 567 
Oats, Geo. p. 11, Prod. Mfg, p. 46, 
Am. Today p. 181, Farm 
C. p. 323, Food & Ckry. 
p. 414, Eat & Wear p. 630 
S. No. 147, 408 
Ohio, Geo. p. 10 
Oceans, Geo. p. 22 

S. No. 100, 414, 415, 511 
Ocean Transportation, Trans, p. 
81 
S. No. 52, 277, 280, 295, 314, 
326, 511, 556, 559 
Occupations, Home Geo. pp. 646, 

650. See Industries 
Ode to the Nightingale, Lit. Sub. 

p. 254 
Odin, Lit. Sub. p. 257 
Ogden, Geo. p. 13, Zones p. 117 

S. No. 213 
Ohio, Geo. p. 10 

S. No. 128 to 135 
Ohio River, Geo. p. 7, Trans, pp. 
80, 85, Dev. Na. p. 167, 
Am. Today p. 189, Com. 
Civ. p. 204, Cities p. 227 
S. No. 61 
Oil, Geo. pp. 7, 9, Dev. Na. p. 170, 
Food & Ckry. p. 410, 
Metals p. 480, Read. p. 
616, Home Geo. pp. 646, 
650 
S. No. 69, 70, 122, 123 
Oklahoma, Geo. p. 9 

S. No. 121 
Okuma, Count Shigenobu, Biog. p. 

303 
Old North Church, Geo. p. 5, F. 
Am. Na. p. 164, Arct. pp. 
460, 461 
S. No. 6 
Old State House (Mass.), Geo. p. 
5, F. Am. Na. p. 163, Arct. 
pp. 449, 461 
S. No. 8 



INDEX 



697 



Olives, Prod. Mfg. p. 48, Zones 

p. 114, PI. Asso. p. 370 
Olympia, Geo. p. 25, For. Beg. p. 

153 
S. No. 478 
One Little Bag of Rice — Thomas 

Smith, Read. p. 610 
Onions, Prod. Mfg. p. 47 

S. No. 469 
Oranges, Geo. p. 23, Prod. JW/g. p 

48, Farm M. p. 347, PL 

Asso. p. 370, Food & 

Ckry. p. 418, PI. & An, 

p. 596, Eat & Wear p 

630 
S. No. 237, 238, 437 
Orchards, Geo. pp. 6, 8, 12, 14, 15 

23, Prod. Mfg. p. 66, Gdn 

Orch. & W. p. 330, Farm 

M. p. 343, Children p 

590 
S. No. 44, 85, 175, 234, 237 

437 
Ore, Prod. Mfg. p. 57, Com. Civ 

p. 204. See Metals 
S. No. 128, 154, 155, 164, 176 

579 
Oregon, Geo. p. 14, Zones p. 115 

PI. Asso. p. 369 
S. No. 221 to 227 
Orient, For. Beg. p. 151 
Oriental Costumes, Tex & CI. p. 

429, Cos. Dsn. p. 537 
S. No. 494, 500, 519, 555, 562 
Orion, Geo. p. 30, Lit. Sub. p. 257 

S. No. 599 
Ornament, hid. Dsn. p. 446, Arct. 

p. 453 
O'Shea, Michael Vincent, pp. 

xxxviii, 501 
Ostriches, Geo. p. 15, An. p. 386, 

PI. & An. p. 602 
S. No. 239 
" O, the Pretty Flowers ! " Read. 

p. 610 
Ouida, Lit. Sub. p. 251 
Outdoor Life, pp. 387 to 392 
Out-of-doors Life, Hyg. p. 501 
Oxen, Trans, p. 77. An. p. 380 

S. No. 298, 561, 580 
Oysters, Geo. pp. 8, 9, Prod. Mfg. 

p. 52, Dev. Na. p. 170, An. 

p. 385, Food & Ckry. p. 

412, PI. & An. p. 602, Eat 



& Wear p. 635, Home 
Geo. p. 645 
S. No. 86, 97 



Pacific States, Geo. p. 14, Trav. & 
Lee. p. 655 
S. No. 215 to 242 
Packing Houses, Geo. p. 10, Mkts. 
p. 91, Govt. p. 199. Cities 
p. 241, Home Geo. p. 647, 
See Meat 
Palaces, Geo. p. 21, Arct. p. 461, 
House Dsn. p. 518 
S. No. 384, 417, 436. 483 
Palermo, Geo. p. 24, Peo. p. 37, 
For. Beg. p. 154, Cities p. 
226 
S. No. 455 
Palestine, Geo. p. 26, Pol. Geo. p. 
137, An. p. 377, Con. 
Stone B. & T. p. 484, 
Children p. 588, Trav. & 
Lee. p. 657 
S. No. 495 to 498 
Palisades, Geo. p. 6 

S. No. 51 
Pallas Athena, Lit. Sub. p. 256 
Palm, Geo. p. 15, PI. Asso. pp. 369, 
370, Tex. & CI. p. 423, 
Wood p. 470 
S. No. 247, 249, 259, 301, 
551, 556, 566, 567, 574 
Panama, Geo. p. 15, Pol. Geo. p. 
124, Dev. Na. p. 173, Govt. 
p. 195, House Dsn. p. 525, 
Children p. 585, Read. p. 
619 
S. No. 247 to 256 
Panama Canal, Geo. p. 15, Prod. 
Mfg. p. 71, Trans, p. 79, 
Dev. Na. pp. 173, 174, 
Am. Today p. 189, Govt. 
p. 198. 
S. No. 248 to 256 
Pan American Union, Dev. Na. p. 

173, Govt. p. 200 
Papaw. See Papaya 

S. No. 259 
Papaya, Prod. Mfg. p. 48, PI. 
Asso. p. 370, Tex. & CI. 
p. 423 
S. No. 259 
Paper, Geo. pp. 5, 22, Prod. Mfg. 
pp. 61, 70, Am. Today 



698 



INDEX 



p. 187, Ind. Sup. Home 
p. 408, Tex. & CI. p. 427, 
Wood p. 472, Metals p. 
477 
S. No. 19, 20, 94, 412 

Papoose, Cos. Dsn. p. 541, Chil- 
dren, p. 584 
S. No. 158, 204, 328 

Papuans. See New Guinea 

Paris, Geo. p. 23, Mkts. p. 90, Pol. 
Geo. p. 132, Com. Civ. p. 
204, Cities p. 222 
S. No. 421 to 425 

Parkman, Lit. Sub. p. 254 

Parks, Cities p. 232, PI. Asso. p. 
368, Arct. p. 466 

Parks, National, Govt. p. 199 

S. No. 93, 191 to 197, 201, 
207, 208, 219, 228, 229 

Parthenon, Arct. p. 448. 
S. No. 475 

Passes and Divides, Ntl. F. p. 108 
S. No. 195, 243, 251, 322, 323 

Pastures, PL- Asso. p. 368 

S. No. 127, 173, 183, 190, 301, 
480, 589 

Patent, Govt. p. 199 

Patrick, Saint, Biog. p. 303 

Paterson, N. J., Geo. p. 6, Prod. 
Mfg. p. 55, Cities p. 224 
S. No. 53, 54, 55 

Paul Revere' s Ride — Longfellow, 
Lit. Sub. p. 250 

Paul, the Apostle, Biog. p. 303 

Payne, J. Howard, Lit. Sub. p. 255, 
Read. p. 609 

Peach, Prod. Mfg. pp. 48, 66, PL 
Asso. p. 370, Food & 
Ckry. p. 417, PI. & An. p. 
597, Eat & Wear p. 630 
S. No. 85 

Peaks, Mountain, Ntl. F. p. 107 
S. No. 221, 276, 445, 447, 448, 
508 

Peanuts, Geo. p. 9, Prod. Mfg. pp. 
49, 65, Dev. Na. p. 170, PL 
Asso. p. 375, Food & 
Ckry. p. 415, PL & An. p. 
597 
S. No. 118 

Peary, Robert Edwin, Geo. p. 20, 
Trans, p. 82, Zones p. 117, 
Com. Civ. p. 204, Biog. 
p. 290 

Peasant Costume, Cos. Dsn. p. 535 



S. No. 373, 388, 390, 393, 
396 

Peat, Prod. Mfg. p. 56, Food & 

Ckry. p. 410 
S. No. 378 
Pedro II — Dom Pedro de Alcan- 
tara, Biog. p. 290 
Pegasus, Lit. Sub. p. 257 
Peking, Geo. p. 27, Peo. p. 40, 

Dev. Na. p. 174 
S. No. 520 
Penguins, Geo. p. 29, An. p. 385, 

PI. & An. p. 602 
S. No. 584 
Peninsulas, Ntl. F. p. 104 

S. No. 248, 256, 432 
Pennsylvania, Geo. p. 7, Mkts. p. 

95, Dev. Na. p. 175, Farm 

H. & F. L. p. 361, Loc. 

Ind. p. 493 
S. No. 61 to 84 
Pense, Read. p. 612 
Peon, Geo. p. 17 

S. No. 281 
People of All Lands, pp. 31 to 44 
People — Primitive, Children p. 

593 
Pericles, Biog. p. 303 
Perry, Commodore, Lit. Sub. p. 

254 
Persephone, Lit. Sub. p. 256 
Pershing, John J., Dev. Na. p. 175, 

Biog. p. 290 
Perspective, Photo, p. 548 
Perspective, Angular, Draw. p. 

511 
Perspective, Circles, Draw. p. 

509 
Perspective, Parallel, Draw. p. 

510 
Peru, Geo. p. 19, Peo. p. 43, Zones 

p. 112, Pol. Geo. p. 125, 

Read. p. 619 
S. No. 329 to 334 
Peter (Simon), Biog. p. 303 
Peter the Great, Biog. p. 303 
Petrified Forest, 'Geo. p. 13 

S. No. 206 
Petrograd, Geo. p. 25, Pol. Geo. 

p. 138, Cities p. 242 
S. No. 482 
Petroleum, Prod. Mfg. pp. 56, 64 

Am. Today p. 184, Loc. 

Ind. p. 493, See Oil 
S. No. 69, 70, 122, 123, 256 



INDEX 



699 



Phidias, Lit. Sab. p. 255 
Philadelphia, Geo. p. 7, Prod. Mfg 
p. 70, Govt. p. 197, Com 
Civ. p. 212, Cities p. 224 
S. No. 80 to 84 
Philippines, Geo. p. 28, Zones p 
113, Pol. Geo. p. 123, Dev. 
Na. p. 172, Govt. p. 201 
House Dsn. p. 525, Coj 
-D.m. p. 540, Children p 
585, tfrad. p. 628 
S. No. 546 to 553 
Phoebe's Arch, Geo. p. 13 

S. No. 200 
Phosphate, Geo. p. 9, Prod. Mfg. 
p. 57, 501/$ p. 317 
S. No. 115 
Photography, pp. 543 to 556 
Photography, Alpine Scenery, 
Photo, p. 552 
Applied to Engineering, Photo. 

p. 551 
Applied to Factory, Photo, p. 

551 
Applied to Surveying and Map 

Drawing, Photo, p. 552 
Astronomical, Photo, p. 556 
Natural History, Photo, p. 554 
Tropical Scenes, Photo, p. 554 
Physical Geography, pp. 97 to 108 
Piazza, House Dsn. pp. 517, 525 
Picture Plane, Draw. pp. 509, 511 
Piers, Arct. p. 456, Con. Stone B. 
& T. p. 486 
S. No. 94, 152, 174, 379, 392, 
568 
Pigeons, Geo. p. 15, Prod. Mfg. p. 
51, An. Hus. p. 340, An. p. 
386, Eat & Wear p. 634 
S. No. 240 
Pike's Peak, Geo. p. 13 

S. No. 201 
Pilasters, Arct. p. 456 
Pilatus, Mt., Geo. p. 23, Soils p. 
312 
S. No. 440, 441 
Pina, Prod. Mfg. p. 53, Tex. & 

CI. p. 423 
Pine, PL Asso. pp. 366, 367, 369, 
Wood p. 470 
S. No. 98, 107, 162, 191, 224, 
228, ?S5, 388, 407, 418, 
449, 527 
Georgia 
S. No. 107 



Mountain 

S. No. 427, 428, 449 
Nut 

S. No. 201, 211 

Scotch 

S. No. 388, 407, 418 
White 

S. No. 162, 265 
Yellow 

S. No. 191, 200, 228 
Pineapples, Geo. p. 9, Prod. Mfg. 
p. 48, Pood & Ckry. p. 
417, PI. & An. p. 597, 
Read. p. 615, Eat & Wear 
p. 630 
S. No. 108 
Pine nuts, Pro d. Mfg. p. 49 
Pisistratus, Biog. p. 303 
Pittsburg, Geo. p. 7, P. Am. Na. 
p. 163, Am. Today p. 
183, Com. Civ. p. 204, 
Cities pp. 227, 230, 241, 
Read. p. 616 
S. No. 61 to 67 
Pizarro, Francisco, Biog. pp. 290, 

303 
Pizarro, Gonzola, Biog. pp. 290, 

303 
Plains, Coastal, Ntl. F. p. 105 

S. No. 104, 105, 108, 122, 289 
Compound Alluvial, Ntl. F. p. 
105 
S. No. 237, 467 
Delta, Ntl. P. p. 105 

S. No. 120, 500, 558 
Effects on Human Affairs, Ntl. 

F. p. 106 
Flood. Ntl. F. p. 105 

S. No. 321, 408, 467, 509, 515, 
561, 564, 580 
Glacial. Ntl. F. p. 106 

S. No. 136, 137, 147, 161, 
488 
Great Western of U. S. Ntl. F. 
p. 106 
S. No. 181, 183, 186, 198, 199 
Lake, Ntl. F. p. 105 
S. No. 47, 149, 166 
Planets, Earth. N. p. 147 
S. No. 596, 597, 598 
Planting, Farm. C. p. 320- 
Planting of the Apple Tree — 

Bryant, Lit. Sub. p. 247 
Plants and Animals, pp. 595 to 
604 



700 



INDEX 



Plants — Food Storage, PL Asso. 

p. 374 
Plants and Plant Associations, 

pp. 365 to 375 
Plaster Walls, House Dsn. p. 522 

S. No. 354 
Plateaus, Ntl. F. p. 106 
Plateau States, Geo. p. 12, Trav. 
& Lee. p. 655 
S. No. 187 to 214 
Plato, Biog. p. 303 
Playgrounds, Cities p. 232 
Plowing, Geo. pp. 12, 25, 27, Prod. 
Mfg. p. 65, Soils p. 315, 
Farm C. p. 320, Farm. M. 
p. 353, Farm H. & F. 
L. p. 359, Children p. 589, 
Home Geo. p. 650 
S. No. 178, 180, 298, 488, 522, 
561 
Plucking, Prod. Mfg. p. 62 

S. No. 175, 294, 302 
Pluto, Lit. Sub. p. 256 
Pocahontas, Lit. Sub. p. 254, Read. 
p. 610 
S. No. 98 
Poe, Edgar Allan, Lit. Sub. p. 254, 

Biog. p. 290 
Poland, Geo. p. 25, House Dsn. p. 
526, Children p. 587 
S. No. 465, 485 
Polar Regions, Geo. p. 20, Zones 
p. 117 . 
S. No. 246, 342 to 346, 413 to 
415 
Political Geograhy, pp. 121 tc 

139 
Polo, Marco. Biog. p. 303 
Pompey, Biog. p. 303 
Ponce de Leon, Juan, F. Am* 

Na. p. 163, Biog. p. 290 
Ponies, An. Hus. p. 338 
S. No. 182, 188, 204 
Poplar, Lombardy, PI. Asso. p. 370 

S. No. 466, 489 
Popocatapetl, Geo. p. 17, Ntl. F. 
p. 107 
S. No. 288 
Pork, Prod. Mfg. p. 50, Children 
p. 591, Eat & Wear p. 
634. See Meat. 
S. No. 122, 142, 143, 144, 172, 
183 
Portable Houses, House Dsn. p. 
520 



S. No. 575 

Porto Rico, Geo. p. 15, Pol. Geo. 

p. 123, Dev. Na. p. 172, 

Govt. p. 201, House Dsn. 

p. 526, Read. p. 628 
S. No. 257, 258 
Ports, Trans, p. 81, Cities p. 242. 

See Harbors. 
Poseidon, Lit. Sub. p. 256 
Possessions of U. S., Geo. pp. 15, 

28 
S. No. 243 to 261, 546 to 

554 
Posters, Draw. p. 512 
Post-Office Dept, Govt. p. 198 
Posts, Arct. p. 456 

S. No. 96, 109, 272 
Potatoes, Geo. p. 11, Prod. Mfg. 

pp. 47, 65, Dev. Na. p. 175, 

Farm C. p. 325, Farm M. 

p. 351, Food & Ckry. p. 

416, Eat & Wear p. 635, 

Home Geo. pp. 645, 649 
S. No. 166 
Pottery, Geo. p. 7, Prod. Mfg. p 

59, Dev. Na. p. 170, Ind. 

Dsn. pp. 438. 445, 446, 

Arct. p. 468, Con. Stone 

B. & T. p. 488 

S. No. 58, 59, 292, 372, 487, 
519, 542, 564, 572, 385 
Pouring, Ind. Dsn. p. 445 

S. No. 65, 156, 334 
Poultry, Am. Today p. 182 
Voc. Guid. p. 395, Chil- 
dren p. 590. See Chick- 
ens, Ducks, Geese. 
S. No. 56. 216. 240, 401 
Prague. See Bohemia 
Prairies, Com. Civ. p. 206, Farm 

C. p. 321, Farm M. p. 344, 
PI. Asso. p. 368 

S. No. 178, 179, 180, 181 
Precious Stones, Geo. p. 26, Prod. 

Mfg. p. 59, Con. Stone 

B. & T. p. 489 
S. No. 512, 581 
Preparation of Soil, Soils, p. 315, 

Farm C. p. 320. Farm 

M. pp. 344, 353, Ind. Dsn. 

p. 444, Home Geo. p. 650 
Preparedness, pp. 179 to 189 
Prescott, William, Lit. Sub. p. 251 
President, Pol. Geo. p. 123, Dev. 

Na. p. 175, Govt. p. 195 



INDEX 



701 



Pressure, Effect of, Ntl. F. p. 101 
Primitive 
Bridges, Arct. p. 464 
Costumes, Cos. Dsn. p. 540 
S. No. 182, 328, 570, 572, 578, 
592 
Design, Ind. Dsn. p. 444 
Farm Work, Ind. Dsn. p. 444 
S. No. 479, 488, 522, 549, 561, 
562 
Homes, Children p. 592 

S. No. 205, 263, 281, 298, 546, 
549 
House Construction, House 
Dsn. p. 526 
S. No. 113, 409, 550 
Housekeeping, Children p. 593 
S. No. 292, 409, 410, 498, 506, 
550 
Industries, Prod. Mfg. p. 62 
Life, Children p. 592 

S. No. 98, 158, 204, 263, 328 
Manufacturing, Wood p. 471 
Markets, Mkts. p. 87 
Methods 

Transportation, Farm M. p. 

353 
Farming, Farm C. p. 320, 
Farm H. & F. L. p. 
359. See Primitive Farm 
Work 
People, Children p. 593 

S. No. 328, 343 
Pottery, Con. Stone B. & T. p. 
488 
S. No. 292, 487, 542, 564, 572 
Stove, Con. Stone B. & T. p. 
484 
S. No. 410 
Prince Edward Island, Geo. p. 16 

S. No. 263 

Printing, Voc. Guid. p. 399, Tex. 

& CI. p. 425, Arct. p. 447 

S. No. 15, 16, 94 

Privet, European, PI. Asso. p. 371 

Problems, Visualized, pp. 557 to 

578 
Production and Manufacturing, 

pp. 45 to 72 
Production Centers, Mkts. p. 90 
Products, Prod. Mfg. pp. 46 to 
72, Am. Today p. 180, 
Farm. C. pp. 320, 325, 
Voc. Guid. p. 394, Tex. & 
CI. p. 422, Ind. Dsn. p. 



445, Con. Stone B. & T. 
p. 488 
Procter, B. W., Lit. Sub. p. 255 
Proctor, Vt, Geo. p. 5, Prod. Mfg. 
p. 59, Con. Stone B. & T. 
p. 485, Read. p. 614 
S. No. 4, 5 
Proportion, Arct. p. 450 
Proserpina, Lit. Sub. p. 256 
Prosser, Charles A., pp. xxxvii, 

435 
Protection, Com. Civ. p. 207 
Protectorate, Pol. Geo. pp. 123, 

130 
Protein, PL Asso. p. 375, Food & 

Ckry. pp. 411, 412 
Ptolemy, Biog. p. 303 
Pueblo, G. p. 13, Peo. p. 42, House 
Dsn. p. 529, Food & Ckry. 
p. 420, Children p. 593 
S. No. 211 
Puget Sound, Geo. p. 14, Am. 
Today p. 185, Wood p. 
471 
S. No. 216, 217 
Pulleys, Ind. Dsn. p. 441 

S. No. 23, 54, 69, 135, 150, 
161, 295 
Punjab, The, Geo. p. 26 

S. No. 507 
Pulque, Geo. p. 17, Prod. Mfg. p. 
49, Zones p. 112, Farm C. 
p. 326, Hvg. p. 503 
S. No. 285, 287 
Pumpkins, Prod. Mfg. p. 47, Farm 
C. p. 326, PI. Asso. p. 371, 
Food & Ckry. p. 418, PI. 
& An. p. 597 
S. No. 137 
Pumpkin, The — Whittier, Lii. 

Sub. p. 253 
Pyramid, Geo. pp. 17, 29, For. Beg. 
p. 152. Arct. p. 448 
S. No. 284, 564, 565, 566 



Quarry, Geo. p. 5, Prod. Mfg. p. 

59, Voc. Guid. p. 397, Con. 

Stone B. & T. p. 485. 

See Marble and Granite 
S. No. 3, 4 
Quebec, Canada, Geo. p. 16, Trans. 

p. 80, F. Am. Na. p. 163, 



702 



INDEX 



Com. Civ. p. 204, 


Cities 


pp. 221, 223, 239 




S. No. 264, 266 




Quecnsferrv, Scotland, Geo 


p. 21, 


Prod. Mfg. p. 71, 


Trans. 


p. 84 




S. No. 366 




Queensland, Australia, Geo 


p. 30, 


Pol. Geo. p. 129 




Queenstown, Ireland, Geo. 


p. 21. 


Trans, p. 81, Cities 


p. 231 


S. No. 374 




Queue, Children p. 588 




S. No. 520, 521 




Quincy Market, Geo. p. 5. 


Trans. 


p. 75, Mkts. p. 88 


Com. 


Civ. p. 203, hid 


Sup. 


Home p. 408, 


House 


Adm. p. 432 




S. No. 7 




Quinn, Mary J., pp. xxxix, 


517 



Race, Black, Peo. p. 43 

S. No. 105, 117, 118, 572, 577, 

578, 581, 592 
Race. Red, Peo. p. 41 

S. No. 182, 204, 244, 263. 292, 

328 
Race, White. Peo. p. 32 
Race. Yellow, Peo. p. 40 

S. No. 227, 343, 510, 516, 519, 

520, 521, 530, 543 
Racial Geography, pp. 31 to 44 
Rafts, Trans, p. 78 
S. No. 215, 507 
Railings, Arct. p. 467 

S. No. 9, 283, 336, 534 
Railroads, Geo. p. 16, Trans, p. 

^3, Dev. Na. p. 167, Am. 

Today p. 188, Voc. Guid. 

p. 398. Metals p. 479 
S. No. 43, 79, 101, 116, 128, 

129, 163, 251, 267, 323, 

330, 420. 440. 544. 556 
Raleigh, Sir Walter, For. Beg. p. 

155, Biog. p. 290 
Rameses IT. Biog. p. 303 
Ramona. Lit. Sub. p. 249 
Rands, W. B., Read. p. 607 
Range Cattle, Geo. r>T>- 12, 18. 

Prod. Mfg. p. 50, Mkts. p. 

91, An. Hus. p. 336: See 

Cattle. 



Ranges, Mountain, Ntl. F. p. 107 

S. No. 102, 213, 243 
Rankin, Jeannette, Biog. p. 290 
Rape, Farm C. p. 325, An. Hus. p. 

339, PI. Asso. p. 371, An. 

p. 383 
S. No. 172 
Raphael Sanzio, Biog. p. 304 
Ranch. Geo. p. 12, Prod. Mfg. pp. 

50, 66, Farm M. p. 346, 

Farm H. & F. L. p. 361, 

hoc. hid. p. 498. See 

Cattle & Horses. 
S. No. 180, 186, 190, 301 
Reading, pp. 605 to 628 
Reading, " Supplementary," pp. 

610 to 628 
Reapers, Dev. Na. p. 167, hid. 

Dsn. p. 444, hoc. Ind. p. 

496. See Farm Machin- 

S. No. 136, 160, 218, 233, 357, 
529 

Redway, Jacques W., pp. xxx, 179 
Redwood, Wood p. 470 

S. No. 229 
Reichstags — Gebaude, Pol. Geo. 
p. 136 
S. No. 383 
Reindeer, Geo. p. 22, Prod. Mfg. 
pp. 50, 67, Tram. p. 78, 
An. p. 382, Cos. Dsn. p. 
534, Children pp. 586, 591, 
PI. & An. p. 603, Eat & 
Wear p. 631 
S. No. 413 
Religion, Com. Civ. p. 213, Cities 

p 241 
Renaissance, Arct. pp. 449, 453, 
House Dsn. p. 526 
S. No. 7, 8, 28, 90, 91, 95, 96, 
329, 351, 383, 384, 424 
Republic, 
Central America, Pol. Geo. p. 

124 
France, Pol. Geo. p. 131 
Mexico, Pol. Ceo. p. 124 
Russia, Geo. p. 25, Pol. Geo. p. 

137 
South America, Pol. Geo. p. 124 
Switzerland, Pol. Geo. p. 133 
United States, Pol. Geo. p. 122 
Residual Soil, Soils p. 313 
Resort Cities, Cities p. 240 



INDEX 



703 



S. No. 60, 354, 427, 430, 457 
459 

Resources, Am. Today, pp. 179 

180 
Revere, Paul, Lit. Sub. p. 250 

Biog. p. 290 
Revolution, American, Dev. Na. p 

165, Am. Today p. 179 
Rhine, Geo. p. 22, Trans, p. 80 
Ntl. F. p. 102, Citie's, p. 
231 
S. No. 391, 392 
Rhodes, Cecil J., Biog. p. 304 
Rhode Island, Geo. p. 5. 

S. No. 21 
Rhodesia, Geo. p. 29, Pol. Geo. pp. 
128, 131, An. p. 383, Read. 
p. 627 
S. No. 575 to 578 
Rhododendron, PI. Asso. p. 371 

S. No. 362, 379 
Rice, Geo. p. 9, Prod. Mfg. p. 47, 
Dev. Na. p. 170, Am. To- 
day p. 181, Farm C. p. 
322, Food & Ckry. p. 415, 
Eat & Wear p. 636, Home 
Geo. pp. 645, 649 
S. No. 104, 105, 527, 528, 529, 
549, 550 
Richard I, the Lion-Hearted, 

Biog. p. 304 
Richelieu, Armand Juan du 
Plessis, Duke, Biog. p. 304 
Riclgley, Douglass C, pp. xxv, 3 
Riis, Jacob, Lit. Sub. p. 254 
Riley, Tames Whitcomb, Lit. Sub. 

' pp. 254, 255 
Rio de Janeiro, Geo. p. 18, Mkts. 
p. 89, Zones p. Ill, Pol. 
Geo. p. 124, Cities pp. 225, 
234, Children p. 589 
S. No. 305, 306, 307 
Rivers, Trans, p. 80 

S. No. 51, 61, 120, 170, 264, 
391, 392, 397, 467, 471, 
489, 501, 507, 517, 564 
Rivers. Drowned. Ntl. F. p. 102 

S. No. 39, 51, 100, 264 
Rivers, Mature, Ntl. F. p. 102 

S. No 101, 170, 391, 392, 580 
Rivers, Old, Ntl. F. p. 102 

S. No. 106, 467, 470, 509, 517 
Rivers, Youno-, Ntl F. p. 102 

S. No. 49, 195, 228, 363, 407 



Roads, Prod. Mfg. p. 71, Cities p. 
224, Home Geo. p. 649 
S. No. 31, 43, 71, 195, 209, 

221, 330 

Roberts, Frederick Sleigh, Lord 

Roberts, Biog. p. 304 
Robespierre, Maximilien Marie 

Isidore, Biog. p. 304 
Rock. See Stone 
Rock-a-bye Baby, Read. p. 610 
Rockefeller, John D., Biog. p. 291 
Rocky Mountain, Geo. pp. 12, 13, 

16, Zones p. 119, Dev. Na. 

p. 171 
S. No. 187 to 205, 274 to 

276 
Roman Architecture, Arct. p. 448 

S. No. 451, 452 
Romanesque Architecture, Arct. 

p. 448 
S. No. 349, 391, 406, 429 
Rome, Geo. p. 24, Pol Geo. p. 135, 

For. Beg. p. 155, Com. 

Civ. p. 204, Cities pp. 221, 

222, 223 

S. No 450 to 452 
Romulus, Lit. Sub. p. 257 
Roofs, Arct. p. 457, House Dsn. 
pp. 518, 519, 520, 521, 522, 
523, 524, 527, 528, 531 
S. No. 37, 355, 384, 442, 461, 
492, 499, 517, 558 
Roosevelt. Theodore, Lit. Sub. p. 
251, Biog. p. 291 
S. No. 87, 90, 91 
Root, Elihu, Dev. Na. p. 175, Biog. 

p. 291 
Ropes, Prod. Mfg. p. 69, Tex. & 
CI. p. 428 
S. No. 99, 188, 559 
Ropewalk, The — Longfellow, Lit. 

Sub. p. 250 
Rosetti, Christina, Read. p. 610 
Rotterdam, Holland, Geo. p. 22, 
Prod. Mfg. p. 72, Mkts. p. 
90, Cities p. 228 
S. No. 400 
Roumania. Geo. p. 24, Pol. Geo. p. 
• 137, Children p. 587, Read. 
o. 623 
S. No. 470, 471 
Rubber, Geo. pp. 10, 15, Prod. Mfg. 
pp. 53, 62, Dev. Na. p. 176, 
PL Asso. p. 365, Ind. Dsn, 



704 



INDEX 



p. 439, Eat & Wear p. 639, 
Home Geo. p. 647 
S. No. 131, 132, 133, 247 
Rubber. Boots, Prod. Mfg. p. 53, 
Eat & Wear p. 639 
S. No. 133 
Rubens, Peter Paul, Biog. p. 304 
Rubinstein, Anton, Biog. p. 304 
Rudesheim, Geo. p. 22, Peo. p. 35, 
Prod. Mfg. p. 48 
S. No. 390 
Rugs, House Dsn. p. 530 

S. No. 33, 92 
Running Water, Ntl. F. p. 99 
Ruskin, John, Biog. p. 304 
Russia, Geo. p. 25, Pol. Geo. p. 
137, Children p. 587, Read. 
p. 623, Eat & Wear p. 
631 
S. No. 481 to 488 
Ruschuk, Bulgaria, Geo. p. 24 
S. No. 469 



Sacks, Tex. & CI. p. 427 

S. No. 35, 148, 166, 295, 325 

Sage Brush, PI. Asso. p. 371 

S. No. 188, 190 
Sailing Vessels, Trans, p. 82 

S. No. Ill, 217, 257, 295, 342, 
344, 473, 525 
Sails, Tex. & CI. p. 427 

S. No. 514, 525 
Saint-Gaudens, Augustus, Biog. p. 

291 
Sakkara or Step Pyramid, Geo. p. 
29, A ret. p. 448 
S. No. 566 
Salmon, Geo. p. 14, Prod. Mfg. pp. 
51. 63, Govt. p. 200, An. p. 
385, Food and Ckry. p. 
413, PL & An. p. 603, 
Read. p. 618, Eat & Wear 
p. 635 
S. No. 226, 227, 244 
Salt, Geo. pp. 6, 11. Prod. Mfg. 
pp. 52, 69, Food & Ckry. 
p. 418, Eat & Wear p. 
635 
S. No. 42, 153 
Salt Lake City. Geo. p. 13, Zones 
p. 117, Cities pp.' 221, 241, 
Read. p. 617 
S. No. 212 



Salvador, Geo. p. 17, Peo. p. 42, 
Prod. Mfg. p. 68 
S. No. 292 
Sandals, Cos. Dsn. p. 539 

S. No. 532 
Sand Dunes, Geo. p. 14, Ntl. F. p. 
99 
S. No. 223 
San Diego Bav, Geo. p. 15, Prod. 
Mfg. p. 71, Read. p. 613 
S. No. 242 
San Francisco, Geo. p. 14, Trans. 
p. 85, Com. Civ. pp. 204, 
215, Cities p. 238, Read. p. 
617 
S. No. 230 
San Gabriel Mission, Geo. p. 15, 
Cities, p. 223, Aret. pp. 
449. 460, Metals p. 480 
S. No. 241 
San Juan, Porto Rico, Geo. p. 15, 
Trans, p. 81, Zones p. Ill, 
Cities p. 231 
S. No. 257 
Santa Anna, Biog. p. 291 
Santiago de Cuba, Geo. p. 18, 
Trans, p. 81, Cities p. 231 
S. No. 299 
Santiago de Chile, Geo. p. 19, Peo. 
p. 42, Pol. Geo. p. 125, 
Cities pp. 221, 235 
S. No. 324 
Sao Paulo, Geo. p. 18, Zones p. 
112, Cities pp. 225, 235, 
Con. Stone B. & T. p. 
485 
S. No. 308 to 311 
Sardines. Geo. p. 27, Prod. Mfg. p. 
52. An. p. 385, Eat & 
Wear p. 635 
S. No. 531 
Saturn, Geo. p. 30, Earth N. p. 
147, Lit. Sub. p. 257 
S. No. 597 
Saul, Bios;, p. 304 
Sault Ste. Marie, The " Soo," Geo. 
p. 11, Prod. Mfg. p. 71, 
Trans, p. 79, Am. Todav, 
P. 188, Com. Civ. p. 204, 
Read. p. 616 
S. No. 154 
Savannah. Ga., Geo. p. 9, Prod. 
Mfg. p. 60, Trans, p. 81, 
Dev. Na. pp. 169, 175, 
Cities, p. 230 



INDEX 



705 



S. No. 106 

Saw Mill, Geo. p. 14, Prod. Mfg. 

p. 60, Am. Today p. 185, 

Wood p. 471, Loc. Ind. p. 

499, Home Geo. p. 644 
S. No. 216 
Scale of Gradation, Photo, p. 546 
Scandinavian Mythology, Lit. Sub. 

p. 257 
Scandinavians, Peo. pp. 34, 35 

S. No. 407 to 420 
Schermerhorn, Grace, pp. xxxvii, 

431 
School Gardens, Hyg. p. 501, Vis. 

Prob. p. 563, Children p. 

583, PL & An. p. 597 
S. No. 83 
Schools, Geo. pp. 16, 18. 27, Com. 

Civ. p. 211, Cities p. 235, 

Voc. Guid. p. 400 
S. No. 260, 306, 520 
Schneckenbnrger, Max, Lit. Sub. 

p. 255 
Schurz, Carl, Biog. p. 291 
Scotch, Pol. Geo. p. 128, For. Beg. 

p. 156, House Dsn. p. 526 
S. No. 365, 366, 368, 373 
Scotch Pine, PL Asso. p. 369 
Scotland, Geo. p. 21, Peo. p. 36, 

Pol. Geo. p. 128, Read. p. 

621 
S. No. 365 to 373 
Scott, General Winfield, Biog. p. 

292 
Scott, Sir Walter, Lit. Sub. p. 252, 

Biog. p. 304 
" Scot's wha hae wi' Wallace 

bled." Burns, Lit. Sub. p. 

248 
Screw, Ind. Dsn. p. 441 

S. No. 130, 153 
Sea. See Ocean 
Sea Cliffs, Ntl. F. p. 103 

S. No. 432, 439 
Sea Dirge — Shakespeare, Lit. 

Sub. p. 252 
Sea Foods, Prod. Mfg. p. 51 

S. No. 13, 86, 226, 227, 244, 

345, 415, 481, 531 
Seal, Geo. p. 20, Prod. Mfg. p. 52, 

An. p. 385, PL & An. p. 

603 
S. No. 345 
Seasons, Earth N. p. 145 



Seattle, Geo. p. 14, Com. Civ. p. 

204, Cities p. 241 
S. No. 220 
Sewell, Anna, Read. p. 609 
Selective Draft, Govt. p. 200 
Selling, Children p. 592, See Mar- 
kets 
Semitic People, Peo. p. 38 

S. No. 485, 491, 494, 498, 566 
Seoul, Chosen, Geo. p. 28 

S. No. 542 
Sequoia, Geo. p. 14, PL Asso, pp. 

366, 367, 369, Wood p. 470 
S. No. 229 
Serajevo, Geo. p. 24, Mkts. p. 88, 

Com. Civ. p. 204, Cities p. 

222 
S. No. 466 
Serbia, Geo. p. 24, Pol. Geo. p. 137, 

Read. p. 623 
S. No. 467 
Seton, Ernest Thompson, pp. 

xxxiv, xxxv, 363, 377 
Seven Little Sisters, Jane An- 
drews, Read. p. 611 
Seward, William Henry, Biog. p. 

292 
Shadow, Read. p. 607 
Shakespeare, Geo. p. 20, For. Beg. 

p. 156, Lit. Sub. p. 252, 

Biog. p. 305 
S. No. 354, 355, 356 
Shaw, Dr. Anna Howard, Biog. 

p. 294 
Shawl Weaving, Geo. p. 26, Prod. 

Mfg. p. 54, Tex. & CI. p. 

426 
S. No. 506 
Sheep, Geo. pp. 10, 12, 13, 25, 30, 

Prod. Mfg. pp. 54, 66, 67, 

An. Hus. p. 339, An. p. 

380, PL & An. p. 603, 

Read. p. 617, Eat & Wear 

p. 638 
S. No. 145, 173, 190, 480, 589 
Shelley, Percy Bysshe, Lit. Sub. p. 

254 
Shelter, Wood p. 472 
Shepherd, The, Read. p. 610 

S. No. 480 
Sherman, Frank Dempster, Read. 

p. 610 
Sherman, General William Te- 

cumseh, Dev. Na. p. 169, 

Biog. p. 292 



706 



INDEX 



Shipbuilding, Prod. Mfg. p. 70 
Ships, Geo. p. 6, Trans, p. 82, Z)^. 
Na. p. 175, Drazv. p. 515 
S. No. 26, 27, 48, 52, 100, 106, 
111, 119, 154, 217, 253, 
254, 257, 280, 295, 342, 
344, 415, 473, 525 
Shizuoka, Japan, Geo. p. 27 

S. No. 530 
Shoes, Geo. pp. 5, 6, Prod. Mfg. p. 
69, Metals, p. 478, tfyg. 
pp. 503. 504, Eat & Wear 
p. 639, Home Geo. pp. 646, 
650 
S. No. 11, 12, 41, 402, 403 
Factories, Prod. Mfg. p. 69 
Home Geo. p. 646 
S. No. 11, 12, 41 
Wooden, Wood, p. 472, Eat & 
Wear p. 639 
S. No. 402, 403, 532 
Shottery, Eng., Geo. p. 20, Cities 
p. 236 
S. No. 355 
Shrubs, PI. Asso. p. 371 

S. No. 188, 190, 209, 355, 362, 
379 
Siam, Geo. p. 26, Prod. & Mfg. 
p. 60 
S. No. 510 
Siberia, Geo. p. 28, Cos. Dsn. p. 
537, Read. p. 626 
S. No. 544 
Sicily, Geo. p. 24, Peo. p. 37, For. 
Beg. p. 154, Hyg. p. 505, 
House Dsn. p. 524, Chil- 
dren, p. 587 
S. No. 455 
Siege of Corinth — Byron, Lit. 

Sub. p. 248 
Sienkiewicz, Henry, Biog. p. 305 
Silk, Geo. pp. 5, 6, Prod. Mfg. pp. 
54. 68, Ind. Sup. Home p. 
407, Tex. & CI. pp. 423, 
425. Metals, p. 478, Hyg. 
p. 503, Eat & Wear p. 638, 
Home Geo. p. 645 
S. No. 22, 23, 24, 53, 54, 55, 
536, 537, 538, 539, 540, 
541 
Silk Worms, An. p. 384 
S. No. 536, 538, 539 
Silver, Geo. pp. 14, 17, 19, Prod. 
Mfg. pp. 58, 64, Am. To- 
day p. 184, Metals p. 476, 



Hyg. p. 502, Eat & Wear 
P. "639 
S. No. 84, 214, 287 
Singing — R. L. Stevenson, Read. 

p. T507 
Sioux Indian, Geo. p. 12, Peo. p. 
42, Trans, p. 75, Dev. Na. 
p. 168, Cos. Dsn. p. 541 
S. No. 182 
Sisal, Geo. pp. 17, 29, Prod. Mfg. 
p. 53, Farm C. p. 325, 
Tex. & CI. p. 423, PI. & 
An. p. 598 
S. No. 289, 571 
Sketch Book, Lit. Sub. p. 249 
Sketching, Draw. p. 513 
Skis, Zones p. 118 

S. No. 344, 345 
Skyscrapers, Arct. p. 450 

" S. No. 25, 26, 28, 30, 121, 139, 
230 
Slater, Samuel, Dev. Na. p. 166 
Slavery, Dev. Na. r>. 166 
Slavonic Peoples, Peo. p. 38 

S. No. 465, 487, 488, 496, 544 
Slavs, Pol. Geo. p. 138 
Sleepv Hollow, Geo. p. 6 

S. No. 36 
Smelting, Loc. Ind. pp. 492, 493 

S. No. 62, 156, 187, 334 
Smith, Donald Alexander, Biog. p. 

305 
Smith, John, For. Beg. p. 155, F. 
Am. Na. p. 163, Read. p. 
610 
Smith, Samuel, Lit. Sub. p. 252, 

Read. p. 609 
Smith, Thomas, Read. p. 610 
Snow, Geo. p. 6, Ntl. F. p. 100 

S. No. 50, 276, 427, 428, 448, 
542 
Snow Queen, The, Read. p. 606 
Socrates, Biog. p. 305 
Sofia. Geo. p. 24, Cities, p. 226 

S. No. 468 
Soils, pp. 311 to 317, Farm M. p. 
344, PL Asso. p. 372, Ind. 
Dsn. p. 444, Metals p. 
481 
Soldiers, Geo. pp. 22, 23. 30 

S. No. 293, 426, 476, 567, 585 
Solomon, Biog. p. 305 
Solon, Biog. p. 305 
Some Things We Eat, Some 



INDEX 



707 



Things We Wear, pp. 

629 to 639 
Some Things We Wear, pp. 637 to 

639 
Song of the Sea, The, Lit. Sub. p. 

255 
Sound, hid. Dsn. p. 440 
South Africa, Union of, Geo. p. 29, 

Pol. Geo. p. 130 
S. No. 579 to 584 
South America, Geo. p. 18, Pol. 

Geo. p. 124, House Dsn. p. 

527, Children p. 585, Read. 

p. 619 
S. No. 304 to 341 
South Atlantic States, Geo. p. 8, 

Trav. & Lee. p. 654 
S. No. 85 to 111 
South Australia, Geo. p. 30, Pol. 

Geo. p. 129 
S. No. 588 
S. Carolina, Geo. p. 9, Zones p. 

115 
S. No. 104, 105 
South Central States, Geo. p. 9, 

Trav. & Lee. p. 654 
S. No. 112 to 127 
S. Dakota, Geo. p. 12, Zones p. 

116 
S. No. 178, 179 
Spacing, Arct. p. 450 
Spain, Geo. p. 23, Pol. Geo. p. 132, 

For. Beg. p. 157, House 

Dsn. p. 527, Children p 

587, Read. p. 624 
S, No. 433 to 439 
Spanish America, Geo. pp. 17, 18 

19, 20, Dev. Na. p. 173 
S. No. 280 to 341 
Spanish War, Am. Today, p 

179 
Spanning Spaces, hid. Dsn. p. 437 

Arct. p. 454 
Spans, hid. Dsn. p. 437 

S. No. 3, 27, 41, 135, 150, 200 

206, 242, 506 
Specific Gravity, hid. Dsn. p 

439 
Spelling, pp. 269 to 277 
Sphinx, The, Geo. p. 29, Arct. p 

448, Con. Stone B. & T, 

p. 485 
S. No. 585 
Spitzenbergen, Geo. p. 22, Trans 

p. 82 



S. No. 415 

Spofford, Charles M., pp. xxxviii, 

483 
Sponges. Geo. p. 9, Dev. Na. p. 
170, Hyg. p. 502, PI. & An. 
p. 604 
S. No. Ill 
Spraying, Geo. p. 6, Prod. Mfg. p. 
66, Trans, p. 76, Zones p. 
116, Gdn. Orch. & W. p. 
331, Farm H. & F. L. p. 
358, Metals p. 481, Loc. 
Ind. p. 497, Home Geo. p. 
650 
S. No. 44 
Springs, Ntl. F. p. 99 
Springs, Hot, Ntl. F. p. 99 

S. No. 192, 193, 194 
Spruce, PI. Asso. p. 369, Wood p. 
470 
S. No. 246, 262, 412 
Spy, The — Cooper, Lit. Sub. p. 

248 
Spyri, Lit. Sub. p. 254 
St. John's, Geo. p. 16, Trans, pp. 
81, 82. Cities p. 231 
S. No. 278 
St. Lawrence, Geo. p. 16, Trans. 
p. 80, F. Am. Na. p. 
160 
S. No. 263, 264, 265, 267 
St. Louis, Geo. pp. 11, 12, Zones 
p. 116, Am. Today, p. 189 
S. No. 148, 174 
Sf. Peter's, Rome, Geo. p. 24, 
Cities p. 221, Arct. p. 460 
S. No. 450, 451 
Star Spangled Banner, The, Lit. 

Sub. p. 255 
State Department, Govt. p. 196 
State & Nat'l Capitals, Trav. & 

Lee. p. 657 
States, Geo. pp. 4 to 14, Pol. Geo. 

p. 123, Govt. p. 193 
Statue of Liberty, Geo. p. 5 

S. No. 25 
Steamers, Trans, pp. 80, 82, Am. 
Today p. 188 
S. No. 26, 52, 119, 252, 253, 
267, 277, 280, 293, 314, 
415, 420, 511, 514, 556, 
559 
Steam Shovel, hid. Dsn. p. 442 
S. No. 163, 250, 251 



708 



INDEX 



Stedman, Edmund Clarence, Biog 
p. 292 

Steel, Geo. pp. 7, 9, Prod. Mfg. pp 
57, 69, Mkts. p. 89, Dev 
Na. p. 170, Am. Today 
pp. 182, 183, Voc. Guid. p 
396, 7;/d. Dsn. pp. 438, 443 
Metals pp. 476, 477, Con 
Stone B. & T. p. 485, Loc 
hid. p. 492, Home Geo. p 
647 
S. No. 65 to 67, 116 

Stephens, H. Morse, pp. xxx, 165 

Stereoscopic Photography, Photo. 
p. 549 

Stevenson, R. L., Lit. Sub. p. 252, 
Read. p. 606 

Stickeen, A Dog Story, Lit. Sub. 
p. 254 

Stirling, Scot., Geo. p. 21, Cities, 
p. 235, Lit. Sub. p. 252, 
Farm H. & F. L. p. 356 
S. No. 367, 368 

Stockholm, Geo. p. 23, Pol. Geo. p. 
134, Cities p. 235 
S. No. 416 to 418 

Stockman, Voc. Guid. p. 394 

Stock-raising, Prod. Mfg. p. 67, 
Farm M. p. 346, An. p. 
377, Voc. Guid. p. 394, 
Loc. hid. p. 497. See 
Cattle, Horses, Hogs, 
Sheep 

Stockyards, Geo. p. 10, Prod. Mfg. 
p. 50, Mkts. p. 90, 4n. 
Hus. p. 337, Food & 
Ckry. p. 411, Read. p. 617, 
Eat & Wear p. 634 
S. No. 140 

Stone, Geo. p. 5, Prod. Mfg. p. 59, 
hid. Dsn. pp. 438, 445, 446, 
Arct. pp. 464, 467, Con. 
Stone B. & T. p. 484, Loc. 
hid. p. 493, Home Geo. p. 
644 

Stone, Concrete, Brick & Tile, pp. 
483 to 489 

Stone, Monuments, Con. Stone B. 
& T. pp. 486, 487 
S. No. 10, 36, 146, 283, 288, 
450 

Stone, Ruins, Con. Stone B. & T. 
p. 485 
S. No. 205, 284, 331, 452, 478, 
568 



Stones, Sources, Con. Stone B. & 
T. p. 485 
S. No. 3, 4, 51 
Store, Mkts. p. 91, Home Geo. p. 

648. See Markets 
Stories of American Life and Ad- 
venture — Eggleston, Lit. 
Sub. p. 248 
Stories of Ancient Greece, Read. 

p. 610 
Stories of Ancient Rome, Read. p. 

610 
Stories of Washington, Lit. Sub. 

p. 253 
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, Lit. Sub. 

p. 255 
Straits, Ntl. F. p. 104 

S. No. 439, 489 
Strassburg, Geo. p. 22, Cities pp. 
221, 237 
S. No. 389 
Stratford-on-Avon, Geo. p. 20, 
Cities p. 235, Lit. Sub. p. 
252 
Street Cars, Trans, p. 85 

S. No. 27, 31, 139, 220, 230, 
273, 315, 380, 416, 473, 
587, 590 
Streets, Geo. p. 6, Cities p. 224, 
Arct. p. 465, Hyg. p. 504, 
House Dsn. p. 530, Home 
Geo. p. 644 
S. No. 29, 90, 139, 167, 230, 
273, 305, 337, 351, 365, 
380, 399, 416, 422, 464, 
504, 513 
Strikes, Dev. Na. p. 169 
Structural Iron & Steel, Am. To- 
dav p. 186, Voc. Guid. p. 
396 
Stucco, Flouse Dsn. pp. 518, 524, 
527 
S. No. 336, 337, 341, 456 
Stuyvesant, Peter, Biog. p. 292 
Subjects for Photography, Photo. 

p. 550 
Subjects & Settings, Literary, pp. 

245 to 258 
Submarines, Geo. p. 15, Trans, p. 
83, Dev. Na. p. 174, Am. 
Today, p. 180, Geo. p. 198 
S. No. 242 
Sub-Tropics, Zones p. 113 
Suez Canal, Geo. p. 29, Prod. Mfg. 



INDEX 



709 



p. 72, Tran\s. p. 79, Pol. 
Geo. p. 128, Read. p. 627 
S. No. 559 
Suffrage, Com. Civ. p. 213 
Sugar Beet, Geo. pp. 13. 16, 23, 
Prod. Mfg. pp. 17, 65, 
Am. Today p. 182, Farm 
C. p. 323, Food & Ckry. 
p. 416, Hyg. p. 505, Chil- 
dren pp. 584, 590, Eat & 
Wear p. 633 
S. No. 35, 198, 270, 271, 419 
Sugar Cane, Geo. pp. 15, 19, Prod. 
Mfg. pp. 47, 66, Farm C. 
p. 323, PI Asso. p. 371, 
Food & Ckry. p. 416, 
Hyg. p. 503 
S. No. 34, 35, 258, 332, 333 
Sugar Maple. See Maple Sugar 

S. No. 130 
Suggestions — Lecture, pp. 653, 

659 
Sun, Geo. pp. 22, 30, Earth N. p. 
142 
S. No. 414, 593 
Supreme Court, Geo. p. 8, Dev. 
Na. p. 166, Govt. p. 195, 
Com. Civ. p. 217 
S. No. 89 
Surf, Atlantic City, Geo. p. 7 

S. No. 60 
Surface, U. S., F. Am. Na. p. 

159 
Surface water, Ntl. F. p. 99 
Swamp, Geo. p. 11 

S. No. 161. 
Sweden, Geo. p. 23, Pol. Geo. p. 
134, For. Beg. p. 157, 
House Dsn. p\ 528, Read. 
P. 622 
S. No. 416 to 420 
Swine. See Hogs 
Swing, The, — R. L. Stevenson, 

Read. p. 607 
Swiss Alps, Zones p. 119 

S. No. 444 to 449 
Switzerland, Geo. p. 23, Pol. Geo. 
p. 133, House Dsn. p. 528, 
Children p. 587, Read. p. 
623 
S. No. 440 to 449 
Sydney, Geo. p. 30 

S. No. 585 
Syracuse, N. Y., Geo. p. 6 
S. No. 41, 42 



Syria, Geo. p. 26, Pol. Geo. p. 137, 
For. Beg. p. 152, Read. 
p. 626, Trav. & Lee. p. 657 
S. No. 492 to 494 



Tabernacle, Arct. p. 460 
Table Mountain, Geo. p. 29 

S. No. 582 
Tables, Arct. p. 466, House Dsn. p. 

530 
S. No. 33, 92, 417 
Tacoma, Mount. See Mount 

Rainier 
Taft, William Howard, Biog. p. 

292 
S. No. 87 90, 91 
Taj Mahal, The, India, Geo. p. 26, 

Cities p. 222, Arct. p. 448 
S. No. 502 
Talisman, The — Scott, Lit. Sub. 

p. 252 
Talus, Ntl. F. p. 99 
Tangier, Geo. p. 28, Mkts. p. 87, 

Cities p. 222, Cos. Dsn. p. 

537 
S. No. 555 
Tanning. Prod. Mfg. p. 55, Metals 

p. 478, Hyg. p. 502 
S. No. 272 
Tar, Dev. Na. p. 170, Am. Today 

p. 187, Wood p. 473 
Tarbell, Ida Minerva, Biog. p. 292 
Tariffs, Dev. Na. p. 170 
Tarsus, Geo. p. 25, For. Beg. p. 

153, An. p. 380 
S. No. 491 
Tasmania, Geo. p. 30, Pol. Geo. p. 

129, Read. p. 627 
S. No. 590 
Taste for Maine Birch, A — Bur- 
roughs, Lit. Sub. p. 248 
Taylor, Bayard, Biog. p. 292 
Taylor, Jane, Read. p. 610. 
Tea, Geo. p. 27, Prod. Mfg. p. 49, 

Zones, p. 116, PI. Asso. p. 

370, Food and Ckry. p. 

419, Hyg. p. 503, Children 

pp. 588, 590, PI. &An.p. 

598, Eat & Wear p. 633, 

Home Geo. p. 644 
S. No. 530, 534 
Teaching, Voc. Guid. p. 400 
Technique, Draw. p. 513 



710 



INDEX 



Tell, to His Native Mountains, 

Lit. Sub. p. 254 
Temperate Zone, Zones p. 115 
Temperature, effect on rocks, Ntl. 

F. p. 98 
Temples, Arct. p. 459 

S. No. 212, 475, 478, 501, 568 
Tenements, Hyg. p. 504, House 

Dsn. p. 530 
Tennessee, Geo. p. 9, Loc. Ind. p. 

493 
S. No. 114, 115 
Tennyson, Alfred, Lit. Sub. p. 253, 

Read p. 609 
Tents, Tex. and CI. p. 427 

S. No. 168, 263, 265 
Terra Cotta, Ind. Dsn. p. 438, Con. 

Stone B. & T. p. 488, 

House Dsn. pp. 521, 527 
S. No. 338, 394, 402, 430, 434, 

492, 517, 526, 543 
Territories, Pol. Geo. p. 123, Govt. 

p. 201 
Teutonic Peoples, Peo. p. 34 

S. No. 347, 351, 355, 385, 388, 

390, 393, 395, 402, 409, 

411, 418 
Texas, Geo. p. 9, Prod. Mfg. pp. 

50, 52, Dev. Na. p. 168, 

Com. Civ. pp. 208, 210, 

214, Cities p. 221, Ind. 

Sup. Home p. 407, Metals 

p. 480, Read. 615 
S. No. 122 to 127 
Textiles, Geo. pp. 5, 6, 7, 26, 27, 

Voc. Guid. p. 396, Ind. 

Sup. Home p. 406, Tex. 

and CI. p. 422, Loc. Ind. p. 

494, Home Geo. p. 646. 

See Cotton, Linen, Silk, 

Wool. 
Textiles & Clothing, pp. 421 to 

429 
Thackeray, William Makepeace, 

Biog. p. 305 
Thames River, Geo. p. 20, Prod. 

Mfg. p. 71, Trans, p. 85 
S. No. 348 
Thanatopsis — Bryant, Lit. Sub. 

p. 248 
" Thank you, pretty cow," Read. 

p. 610 
Themistocles, Biog. p. 305 
Thor, Lit. Sub. p. 257 



Thorwaldsen, Bertel, Biog. p 
305 

Three Goats Named Gruff, Read 
o. 610 

Threshing, Geo. pp. 12, 14, 17, 26 
29, Prod. Mfg. p. 46, Dev. 
Na. p. 177, Farm C. p. 321 
Farm M. p. 346, Farm H 
& F. L. p. 361, Food & 
Ckry. p. 414, Ind. Dsn. p 
445, Hyg. p. 504, Eat & 
Wear p. 631, Home Geo 
p. 650 
S. No. 177, 218, 233, 497, 527 
562 

Tiber, The, Geo. p. 24, Trans, p 
85, Cities p. 228, Lit. Sub 
p. 257 
S. No. 450, 451 

Tides, Earth N. p. 146 

Tile. See also Terra Cotta. 
S. No. 161 

Tillage, Soils p. 315, Farm C. pp. 
320, 321 

Timber, Wood p. 472. See Lum- 
ber. 
S. No. 70, 74, 75, 77, 78, 122, 
155, 581 

Tires, Geo. p. 10, Prod. Mfg. p. 
62, Trans, p. 86, Voc. 
Guid. p. 396 

Titian Vecelli, Biog. p. 305 

Titus — Titus Flavius^ Sabinus 
Vespasianus, Biog. p. 305 

To a Mountain Daisy — Burns, 
Lit. Sub. p. 248 

Tobacco, Geo. pp. 9, 17, Prod. 
Mf& pp. 61, 65, Zones, p. 
Ill, F. Am. Na. p. 163, 
Am. Today p. 187, Farm 
C. p. 324, Farm M. p. 348, 
PI. Asso. p. 371, Hyg. p. 
503 
S. No. 112, 297 

Togo, Count Heihachiro, Biog. p. 
305 

Tokyo, Geo. p. 27, Pol. Geo. p. 
139, Cities pp. 221, 237, 
Arct. p. 450, House Dsn. 
p. 525 
S. No. 526 

Tolstoy, Count Lev Nicolaevich, 
Biog. p. 305 

Tools, Farm M. p. 352, Ind. Dsn. 



INDEX 



711 



p. 441, Metals p. 477, Loc. 
Ind. p. 495 
S. No. 75, 78, 105, 143, 388, 
488, 498, 529, 549, 550, 
561, 562 
Torpedo Boats, Geo. p. 15, Trans. 
p. 83, Govt. p. 198 
S. No. 242 
Tortilla, Geo. p. 17, Peo. p. 42, 
Prod. Mfg. p. 68, Com. 
Civ. p. 206, Hyg. p, 505, 
Eat & Wear p. 632 
S. No. 292 
To the Daisy — Wordsworth, Lit. 

Sub. p. 253 
Tower, Geo. pp. 20, 21, Ind. Dsn. 
p. 443, Arct. p. 462 
S. No. 349, 376, 406, 421, 425, 
442 
Towns, Govt. p. 192 
Townships, Govt. p. 192 
Tractors, Geo. pp. 11, 12, 19, Prod. 
Mfg. p. 46, Dev. Na. p. 
177, Farm M. p. 353, Loc. 
Ind. p. 495, Draw. p. 510, 
Photo, p. 552 
S. No. 161, 178, 179, 180, 233, 
332 
Tragedies of the Nests — Bur- 
roughs, Lit. Sub. p. 248 
Trajanus, Marcus Ulpius, Biog. p. 

305 
Transportation pp. 73 to 86 
Transportation — Methods, Dev. 
Na. pp. 167, 170, Am. To- 
day pp. 183, 187, Com. 
Civ. p. 210, Cities p. 223, 
Farm M. p. 353, Ind. Sup. 
Home p. 408, Metals p. 
479, Loc. Ind. p. 499, 
Home Geo. pp. 644, 647, 
651 
Trade Routes, Am. Today p. 188 
Trade Wind, Zones p. Ill 
Trappings, Tex. & CI. p. 427 

S. No. 494, 505, 565 
Travel, R. L. Stevenson, Read. p. 

607 
Travelogue & Lecture Sugges- 
tions pp. 653 to 659 
Treasury, Govt. p. 197 

S. No. 90 
Tree, The — Bjornson, Lit. Sub. 

p. 254 
Trees, F. Am. Na. p. 160, PI. 



Asso. pp. 365 to 372, 
Draw. p. 514. See Gar- 
den, Orchard and Wood- 
lot. See Wood. See 
Horticulture. 

Trinity Church, N. Y., Com. Civ. 
p. 204, Arct. pp. 456, 460 
S. No. 29 

Tropics, Zone's p. 110 

Trowbridge, J. T., Lit. Sub. p. 253 

Trusses, Ind. Dsn. p. 444, Arct. 
pp. 455, 464 
S. No. 150, 202, 270, 271, 330 

Tunis, Geo. p. 28, Pol. Geo. p. 132, 
Cities p. 227, Arct. pp. 
448, 452, Read. p. 626 
S. No. 557 

Turban, Cos. Dsn. pp. 537, 538 
S. No. 494, 503, 505, 506, 555, 
565, 566 

Turkey, Geo. p. 25, Pol. Geo. p. 
137 
S. No. 472 to 474, 489 to 498 

Turpentine, Geo. p. 9, Prod. Mfg. 
p. 60, Dev. Na. p. 170, 
Am. Today p. 187, Wood 
p. 473, Read. p. 615 
S. No. 107 

Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star — 
Jane Taylor, Read. p. 610 

Two Years Before the Mast, Lit. 
Sub. p. 254 

Tyndall, John, Biog. p. 306 

Typee, The, Lit. Sub. p. 255 



U 



Uganda, Geo. p. 29, Prod. Mfg. p. 
53, Zones p. 110, Read. p. 
627 
S. No. 570, 571 
Umbrellas, Tex. & CI. p. 427 

S. No. 60, 387, 452, 501, 510, 
548 
Uncle Remus Stories, Lit. Sub. p. 

249 
Uncle Tom's Cabin, Lit. Sub. p. 

255 
Underground Water, Ntl. F. p. 99 
Uniforms, Cos. Dsn. p. 535 

S. No. 146, 266, 293, 366, 426, 
476 
Union of South Africa, Pol. Geo. 
p. 130 
S. No. 579 to 584 



712 



INDEX 



United States, Geo. p. 4, Peo. p 
33, Prod. Mfg. p. 46 
Trans, p. 74, i J o/. G>o. p 
122, P. Am. Na. p. 159 
Dev. Na. p. 165, Govt, p 
192, Com. Cm/, p. 203 
Cities p. 220, Farm C. p 
320, Grin. Orch. & IV. p 
327, An. Hus. p. 335 
Farm M. p. 343, P/. ^o 
p. 366, Voc. Guid. p. 394 
Ind. Sup. Home p. 405 
Pood & Ckrv. p. 410 
A ret. p. 458, /Food p. 469 
Metals p. 475 
S. No. 1 to 242 

Upon the Mountain's Distant 
Head, Lit. Sub. p. 248 

Uranus, Geo. p. 30, Earth N. p. 
147, Lit. Sub. p. 257 
S. No. 598 

Uruguay, Geo. p. 18, House Dsn. 
p. 527 
S. No. 312, 313 

Utah, Geo. p. 13, Dev. Na. p. 168 
S. No. 212, 213 

Utensils — Household, House 
A dm. p. 432 



Vaal River, Geo. p. 29, Zones p. 

112 
S. No. 530 
Vaca Cabeza de, P. Am. Na. p. 

163 
Valencia, Spain, Geo. p. 23, Zones 

p. 114 
Vale of Kashmir. See Kashmir 
Valley, Geo. pp. 6, 14, Ntl. F. p. 

102 
Valley Glaciers, Ntl. P. p. 100 

S. No. 274, 275, 276, 279, 408, 

427, 428, 446, 448 
Valparaiso, Chile, Geo. p. 19, 

Trans, p. 82, Zones p. 114, 

Cities p. 231 
S. No. 326, 327 
Vancouver, B. C, Geo. p. 16, 

Trans, pp. 83, 84, Cities 

p. 242 
S. No. 277 
Van Rensselaer, Martha, pp. 

xxxvi, 403 



Vaterland, Geo. p. 6 

S. No. 52 
Vegetable Products, Prod. Mfg. 

p. 52 
Vegetables, Farm C. p. 326, Food 
& Ckry, p. 417, Children 
pp. 583, 590, Eat & Wear 
pp. 631, 635 
S. No. 149, 166, 375 
Vehizelos, Biog. p. 306 
Venezuela, Geo. p. 19, Pol. Geo. p. 
125, Govt. p. 196, Children 
p. 586, Read. p. 620 
S. No. 338 to 341 
Venice, Geo. p. 24, For. Beg. p. 
154, Cities p. 226 
S. No. 457 
Venus, Lit. Sub. p. 256 
Vera Cruz, Geo. p. 17, F. Am. Na. 
p. 163, Dev. Na. pp. 168, 
174, Cities p. 238, Read. p. 
618 
S. No. 280 
Vergil, Publicus Vergilius Maro, 

Biog. p. 306 
Vermont, Geo. p. 5, Con. Stone B. 
& T. p. 485, Loc. hid. p. 
493 
S. No. 4, 5 
Verrazano, da, Giovanni, For. Beg. 

p. 154, Biog. p. 293 
Vespasian, Titus Flavius, Sabinus, 
Vespasianus, Biog. p. 
306 
Vesuvius, Geo. p. 24, Soils p. 313 

S. No. 453 
Viaducts, Cities p. 227. See 

Bridge 
Victoria, Geo. p. 30, Pol. Geo. p. 
129 
S. No. 586, 587 
Victoria, Alexandriana, Biog. p. 
306 
S. No. 350, 352 
Victoria Falls, Geo. p. 29, Com. 
Civ. p. 204, Read. p. 627 
S. No. 576 
Vienna, Geo. p. 24, Pol. Geo. p. 
137, Cities pp. 222, 226 
S. No. 462 
Village Homes, A ret. p. 460 

S. No. 10, 37, 354, 362, 368, 
401, 402, 447, 517, 535 
Villages, Govt. p. 192 
Vinci, da, Leonardo, Biog. p. 306 



INDEX 



713 



Vines, PL Asso. p. 371 

S. No. 37, 47, 137, 236, 319, 
354, 359, 362, 376, 390 

Vineyards, Geo. pp. 15, 19, 22, 

Prod. Mfg. p. 48, Mkts. p. 

92, Gdn. Orch. & W . p. 

331, Loc. Ind. p. 497, Chil- 
dren p. 590 
S. No. 236, 319, 390 
Virginia, Geo. p. 8, F. Am. Na. p. 

163 
S. No. 96 to 100 
Vision of Sir Launfal, Lit. Sub. 

p. 251 
Visualized Problems, pp. 557 to 

578 
Vivian, Alfred, pp. xxxiii, 311 
Vocational Guidance, pp. 393 to 

401 
Volcanic Mountains, Ntl. F. p. 

107,. 
S. No. 221, 288, 291, 453, 525, 

545, 548 
Volcanic Soil, Soils p. 313 

S. No. 192, 194, 222, 453, 545 
Volcanoes, Geo. pp. 17, 18, 24, 27, 

Soils p. 313, PI. Asso. p. 

373 
S. No. 545, 300, 291, 293, 453, 

525 
Voltaire, Frangois Marie Aronet, 

Biog. p. 306 
Vulcan, Lit. Sub. p. 256 

W 

Wagner, Richard, Biog. p. 307 
Wagons, Geo. p. 7, Trans, p. 75 
S. No. 7, 47, 71, 138, 147, 
167, 177, 195, 273, 406 
Wales, Geo. p. 21 

S. No. 363 
Wall St., Geo. p. 6, Dev. Na. p. 
165, Govt. p. 197, Com. 
Civ. p. 204, Cities p. 225 
S. No. 29 
Wallace, Gen. Lew, Lit. Sub. p. 

254 
Wallace, Sir William, Geo. p. 21, 
Lit. Sub. p. 248, Biog. p. 
307 
S. No. 368 
Walsh, John H., pp. xl, 557 
Ward, Robert De C, pp. xxviii, 
109 



War Department, Govt. p. 197 
War of 1812, Am. Today p. 179 

S. No. 71 
Warner, Charles Dudley, Lit. Sub. 

p. 253 
Warren, General Joseph, Biog. p. 

293 
Wars, Our, Am. Today p. 179 
Warsaw, Geo. p. 25, Mkts. p. 88, 

Cities p. 222 
S. No. 485 
Warships, Geo. pp. 8, 15, 17, Am. 

Today p. 188, Govt. p. 

198. See Battleships, Sub- 
marines, Torpedo Boats 
S. No. 100, 242, 254, 296 
Washing, Geo. p. 23, House Adm. 

p. 432, Hyg. p. 505 
S. No. 431 
Washington, D. C., Geo. p. 8, Dev. 

Na. p. 165, Govt. p. 194, 

Com. Civ. p. 203, Cities 

pp. 221, 225, 233, Gdn. 

Orch. & W. p. 329, Voc. 

Guid. p. 400, Arct. p. 449, 

Hyg. p. 504, Read. p. 613 
S. No. 87 to 95 
Washington, George, Geo. p. 6, 

F. Am. Na. p. 164, Dev. 

Na. p. 165, Biog. p. 293, 

Read. p. 608 
S. No. 37, 39, 61, 80, 90, 96 
Washington (State), Geo. p. 14, 

Prod. Mfg. p. 63, Trans. 

p. 82, Mkts. p. 94, Wood 

p. 471, Read. p. 617 
S. No. 215 to 220 
Waste, Com. Civ. p. 211 
Watch on the Rhine, The, Lit 

Sub. p. 255 
Water-Carriers, Geo. p. 26 

S. No. 502 
Water Fronts, Cities p. 229 
Water, Ground, Ntl. F. p. 99 
Water Power, Am. Today p. 184 
S. No. 49, 50, 170, 197, 210, 

228, 569 
Water, Relation of Plants, PI. 

Asso. p. 373 
Water Supply, House Adm. p. 433 
Water, Surface, Ntl. F. p. 99 
Water, Underground, Ntl. F. p. 99 
Waterways, Cities p. 229. See 

Transportation 
Watts, R. L., pp. xxxiii, 327 



714 



INDEX 



Weatherby, F. E., Lit. Sub. p. 255 

Weathering, Nil. F. pp. 98 to 100, 
Soils p. 311 

Weathering — Fantastic Features, 
Ntl. F. p. 99 
S. No. 197, 200, 201, 208 

Weaving, Geo. pp. 6, 26, 27, jFVod. 
M/#. p. 54, Dev. Na. p. 
166, hid. Sup. Home p. 
407, Tex. & CI. pp. 425. 
426, hid. Dsn. p. 443, Eat 
& Wear p. 637 
S. No. 53, 54, 55, 269, 541 

Webster, Daniel, Dev. Na. p. 165. 
Biog. p. 293 

Webster, Hutton, pp. xxix, 151 

Wedges, hid. Dsn. p. 441 

Wellesley, Arthur, Duke of Well- 
ington, Biog. p. 307 

Wentworth, Thomas, Earl Staf- 
ford, Biog. p. 307 

West Indies, Geo. p. 17, Peo. p. 44, 
Zones, p. 111. See Cuba, 
Porto Rico, Jamaica, 
Guadeloupe, Dominica 
S. No. 295 to 303 

West Point, Geo. p. 6, F. Am. Na. 
p. 164, Govt. p. 198 
S. No. 39 

West Virginia, Geo. p. 8 
S. No. 101 

Whale, Geo. p. 22, Prod. Mfg. p. 
52, An. p. 385, PI. & An. 
p. 604 
S. No. 415 

Wheat, Geo. pp. 12, 13, 14, 20, 26, 
Prod. Mfg. p. 46, Dev. 
Na, pp. 171, 175, Am. To- 
day p. 180, Farm C. p. 
321, Food & Ckry. p. 414, 
Hyg. p. 503, Read. p. 616, 
Eat & Wear p. 631 
S. No. 48, 177, 218, 233, 357, 
497, 498 

Wheel and Axle, hid. Dsn. p. 
441 

" When the Frost Is on the Pun'k- 
in," Lit. Sub. p. 255 

Where Go the Boats, R. L. Ste- 
venson, Read. p. 607 

Whitbeck, R. H, pp. xli, 641 

White, Edna N., pp. xxxvi, 409 

White House, Geo. p. 8, Dev. Na. 
p. 165, Govt. p. 195, Cities 
p. 223, Gdn. Orch. & W. 



p. 329, Farm H. & F. L. 

p. 356, Con. Stone B. & 

T. p. 485, House Dsn. p. 

531 
S. No. 91 
Whitman, Walt, Lit. Sub. p. 254 
Whittier, John Greenleaf, Lit. 

Sub. p. 253 
Whittington, Dick, Read. p. 610 
Who Stole the Bird's Nest? — L. 

M. Child, Read. p. 609 
William I (Germany), Biog. p. 

307 
William II, Biog. p. 307 
William and Mary, Biog. p. 307 
William, the Conqueror, Biog. p. 

307 
Willow, PI. Asso. p. 370 
W T ilson, Woodrow, Geo. p. 8, 

Govt. p. 196, Biog. p. 294 
S. No. 88 
Windmills, Farm H. & F. L. p. 

356, Arct. p. 462 
S. No. 108, 400 
Windows, Arct. p. 452, House 

Dsn. pp. 518, 522, 523, 

524, 525, 527, 528, 531 
Windows — casement, House Dsn. 

pp. 519, 522, 528 
S. No. 354, 442 
dormer, House Dsn. pp. 520, 

523, 528 
S. No. 389, 442, 461 
Wind, Trade, Zones p. Ill 
Windward Coasts, Zones p. 115 
Winnipeg, Geo. p. 16, Com. Civ. 

p. 211, Cities p. 225, Read. 

p. 618 
S. No. 273 
Winship, A. E., pp. xxxiv, 355 
Winthrop, John, Biog. p. 294 
Wisconsin, Geo. p. 11 
S. No. 159 to 161 
Woden, Lit. Sub, p. 257 
Wolf, James, Biog. p. 294 
Wood, Geo. pp. 4, 11, 14, 22, Ind. 

Sup. Home, p. 405, Food 

& Ckry. p. 410, Ind. Dsn. 

pp. 438, 446, 447, House 

Dsn, p. 530, Home Geo. 

pp. 643, 646, 649. See 

Lumbering, Trees, Forests 
Wood carving, Wood p. 472 

S. No. 33, 89, 92, 352, 417, 

443, 521 



INDEX 



715 



Wood Lot, Gdn. Orch. & W. p. 

332 
Woodman, Spare That Tree, Lit. 

Sub. p. 255 
Wood Pulp, Geo. p. 22, Prod. Mfg. 

p. 70. See Paper 
S. No. 412 
Wood — Sources and Uses > pp. 

469 to 473 
Wool, Geo. pp. 5, 7, 10, 12, 13, 22. 

25, 30, Prod. Mfg. pp. 54, 

68, Am. Today p. 187, Ind. 

Sup. Home p. 407, Tex: & 

CI. pp. 423, 426, Metals p. 

478, Children p. 591, Eat 

& Wear p. 638, Home 

Geo. pp. 645, 651 
S. No. 17, 18, 81, 145, 173, 
190, 409, 480, 506, 589 
Wordsworth, William, Geo. p. 21, 

Lit. Sub. p. 253, Biog. p. 

308 
S. No. 362 
Work, Cary, Lit. Sub. p. 255 
Work, Health Habits, Hyg. p. 502 
World, W. B. Rands, Read. p. 607 
World War Dev. Na. p. 175, Am. 

Today p. 179 
S. No. 146, 242, 385, 394, 426 
Wren, Sir Christopher, Biog. p. 

308 
Wright, Orville, Biog. p. 294 
Wright, Wilbur, Biog. p. 294 
Wyoming, Geo. p. 13 
S. No. 191 to 197 



Xenophon, Biog. p. 308 



Yanetse River, Geo. p. 27 

S. No. 515, 517 
Yellowstone Nat'l Park, Geo. p. 
13, Ntl. F. p. 102, Zones p. 
119, Govt. p. 199, Read. p. 
618 
S. No. 191 to 197 
York, Eng., Geo. p. 21, Com. Civ. 
p. 204, Cities p. 221, Arct. 
p. 448 
S. No. 360 
Yosemite Valley, Geo. p. 14, Ntl. 
F. p. 102, Govt. . p. 199, 
Read. p. 617 
S. No. 228, 229 
Young, Brigham, Biog. p. 294 

S. No. 213 
Yuan Shih-kai, Pol. Geo. p. 138, 

Biog. p. 308 
Yukon River, Geo. p- 15 



Zakopane, Geo. p. 24 

S. No. 465 
Zambezi River, Geo. p. 29, Zones 
p. 112 
S. No. 575, 576 
Zeus, Lit. Sub. p. 255 
Zeppelin, Geo. p. 22, Trans, p. 86, 
Pol. Geo. p. 136, Dev. Na. 
p. 175 
S. No. 394 
Zeppelin, Count Ferdinand von, 

Biog. p. 308 
Zinc, Geo. p. 12, Prod. Mfg. p. 64, 
Am. Today p. 184, Metals 
p. 476 
S. No. 176 
Zones, pp. 109 to 120 






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